WAEC GCE ENGLISH LANGUAGE OBJ

ENGLISH OBJ:
01-10: BACACDACCD
11-20: BADCDDCDBC
21-30: AADCBCBDAB
31-40: CBCBAAABBC
41-50: BCBABDBABD
51-60: ADABAABDDC
61-70: DDCDBABDAD
71-80: AACBACCCAD
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HISTORY-ESSAY-ANSWERS
(1)
(i) Ethnolinguistic diversity: Non-centralized communities in Nigeria are characterized by a diverse range of ethnic groups and languages. Nigeria is home to over 250 different ethnic groups, each with its own distinct language and cultural practices.

(ii) Lack of hierarchical governance structure: Non-centralized communities often lack a centralized authority or governing body. Instead, decision-making is typically done through consensus or by village or clan elders.

(iii) Communal ownership of land: In non-centralized communities, land is often communally owned and shared among community members. This communal ownership promotes cooperation and a sense of belonging within the community.

(iv) Close-knit social structures: Social relationships in non-centralized communities tend to be tightly knit. Interactions are often based on kinship, with extended families playing a central role in community cohesion.

(v) Oral tradition and cultural heritage: Non-centralized communities often rely on oral tradition to pass down historical knowledge, stories, and cultural practices. This includes oral storytelling, proverbs, music, and dance as methods of preserving their cultural heritage.
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(5)
(i)End of Inter-tribal Conflicts: The peace treaty brought an end to the inter-tribal conflicts that had plagued Yoruba land. It helped to establish a more stable and peaceful environment for the Yoruba people.

(ii)Preservation of Cultural Heritage: The peace treaty allowed the Yoruba people to focus on preserving and promoting their rich cultural heritage. With the cessation of hostilities, there was more opportunity for the development of arts, music, and traditional practices.

(iii) Economic Growth: The peace treaty facilitated increased trade and economic growth in Yoruba land. With the restoration of peace, people could engage in commerce and agriculture without the fear of violence or disruption. This led to improved living standards and economic prosperity for many Yoruba communities.

(iv) Infrastructure Development: The peace treaty created a conducive environment for the development of infrastructure in Yoruba land. With the absence of conflict, resources could be allocated towards building roads, schools, hospitals, and other essential facilities that contributed to the overall development of the region.

(v)Social Reconciliation: The peace treaty played a crucial role in fostering social reconciliation among the Yoruba people. It provided an opportunity for healing and rebuilding relationships that had been strained by years of conflict. This helped to strengthen the sense of unity and cooperation within Yoruba communities.
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(8)
(i) Political Instability: Nigeria's first republic, which lastedfrom 1960 to 1966, was plagued by frequent changes in government and instability. The ruling political parties were often divided along regional and ethnic lines, leading to power struggles and conflicts. In addition, there were allegations of corruption and mismanagement of public resources, which further undermined the legitimacy of the government.

(ii) Ethnic Tensions: Nigeria is a diverse country with over 250 ethnic groups, and during the first republic, ethnic tensions were significant. The country was divided into three regions, each dominated by different ethnic groups. This led to competition for resources and power, and in some cases, violence erupted between ethnic communities. The military, seeing themselves as a neutral force, believed they could restore order and protect the unity of the country.

(iii) Poor Governance: The civilian government during the first republic faced numerous challenges in governing effectively. There was a lack of accountability and transparency, resulting in widespread corruption and embezzlement of public funds.

This led to a decline in public trust and contributed to the military's argument that a strong, disciplined government was needed to restore order and promote development.

(vi) Economic Crisis: Nigeria experienced economic difficulties during the first republic, with declining revenues from oil exports and a struggling agricultural sector. The government's inability to address these economic challenges further eroded public confidence. The military argued that they were better equipped to manage the economy and implement necessary reforms.

(v) Military's Perception of Duty: The Nigerian military saw itself as a guardian of the nation and believed it had a duty to intervene and restore order when the civilian government failed to do so. There was a growing frustration within the military ranks about the state of the country and the perceived incompetence of the civilian leadership.
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(8)
(i) Political Instability: Nigeria's first republic, which lastedfrom 1960 to 1966, was plagued by frequent changes in government and instability. The ruling political parties were often divided along regional and ethnic lines, leading to power struggles and conflicts. In addition, there were allegations of corruption and mismanagement of public resources, which further undermined the legitimacy of the government.

(ii) Ethnic Tensions: Nigeria is a diverse country with over 250 ethnic groups, and during the first republic, ethnic tensions were significant. The country was divided into three regions, each dominated by different ethnic groups. This led to competition for resources and power, and in some cases, violence erupted between ethnic communities. The military, seeing themselves as a neutral force, believed they could restore order and protect the unity of the country.

(iii) Poor Governance: The civilian government during the first republic faced numerous challenges in governing effectively. There was a lack of accountability and transparency, resulting in widespread corruption and embezzlement of public funds. This led to a decline in public trust and contributed to the military's argument that a strong, disciplined government was needed to restore order and promote development.

(vi) Economic Crisis: Nigeria experienced economic difficulties during the first republic, with declining revenues from oil exports and a struggling agricultural sector. The government's inability to address these economic challenges further eroded public confidence. The military argued that they were better equipped to manage the economy and implement necessary reforms.

(v) Military's Perception of Duty: The Nigerian military saw itself as a guardian of the nation and believed it had a duty to intervene and restore order when the civilian government failed to do so. There was a growing frustration within the military ranks about the state of the country and the perceived incompetence of the civilian leadership.
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(9)
(i) Loss of Lives: The civil war resulted in a significant loss of lives, with estimates ranging from one to three million people. This tragic loss of life had a profound impact on families and communities across Nigeria.

(ii) Displacement and Humanitarian Crisis: The war also led to the displacement of many people. Families were forced to leave their homes and seek refuge in other parts of the country or neighboring countries. This created a humanitarian crisis, with many people lacking access to basic necessities like food, shelter, and healthcare.

(iii) Economic Impact: The civil war had a detrimental effect on Nigeria's economy. Agricultural production was disrupted, leading to food shortages and famine in some areas. The conflict also damaged infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, and roads, which hindered economic development and recovery.

(iv) Ethnic and Religious Tensions: The civil war deepened existing ethnic and religious tensions within Nigeria.

It was fought between the Nigerian government, mainly composed of the Hausa-Fulani ethnic group, and the secessionist state of Biafra, largely made up of the Igbo ethnic group. These divisions and resentments still have an impact on the country's social fabric today.

(v) Political Restructuring: The civil war prompted a reevaluation of Nigeria's governance structure. It led to the adoption of a federal system, which aimed to address some of the underlying causes of the conflict. This restructuring emphasized the importance of power-sharing and inclusivity among Nigeria's diverse ethnic and religious groups

HISTORY-OBJ
01-10: CBACCCCBAA
11-20: CBADEABECB
21-30: BCBCDBDDCE
31-40: DBABDEEBCD
41-50: BACACAEACA
51-60: EEBBBBBACC
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