(3a)
[FILL IN THE TABLE]

=TYPE OF MOUTHPART=
Biting and chewing

=NATURE OF DAMAGE TO CROP=
Bore holes into yam tubers

=ONE EFFECT ON CROP=
Reduces market value/yield

=ONE CONTROL MEASURE=
Use of insecticides or pesticides


(3b)
J (Centrosema pubescens): Explosive mechanism (self-dispersal)
K (Spear grass): Wind dispersal


(3c)
J: The fruit bursts open when mature, scattering seeds.

K: The seeds are light and have hairy structures that allow them to be carried by wind.


(3d)
(i) Regular weeding or slashing before seed formation
(ii) Use of selective herbicides
(iii) Crop rotation or planting cover crops that suppress its growth


(3e)
(i) It has an extensive underground rhizome system, which allows it to regrow even after cutting.
(ii) It reproduces both by seeds and vegetative parts, making it spread rapidly.
(iii) Its seeds are easily dispersed by wind, leading to quick colonization of nearby areas.
(iv) It is resistant to many common herbicides, making chemical control less effective.

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AGRIC SCIENCE PRACTICAL


(1a)
(i)Low soil nitrogen levels
(ii)Soil pH adjustment

(1b)
(i)Broadcasting: Spreading fertilizers evenly over the field.
(ii)Band placement: Placing fertilizers in bands near the seeds or plants.
(iii)Foliar application: Spraying fertilizers directly on plant leaves.
(iv)Fertigation: Applying fertilizers through irrigation systems.

(1c)
(i)Potatoes
(ii)Bananas
(iii)Sugarcane
(iv)Tomatoes

(1d)
(i)Nutrient enrichment
(ii)Improved soil structure
(iii)Increased microbial activity
(iv)Sustainable resource
(v)Reduced waste

(2a)
SPECIMEN E:
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Clearing bushes and shrubs
(ii) Harvesting crops like maize
(iii) Pruning branches of plants
(iv) Cutting wood for staking or fencing
(v) Weeding between crops
(vi) Digging shallow holes for planting

SPECIMEN F:
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Digging soil for planting
(ii) Turning and loosening the soil
(iii) Mixing soil with fertilizers or manure
(iv) Removing weeds
(v) Transplanting seedlings
(vi) Leveling and shaping seedbeds

(2b)
(Draw the Diagram)

(2c)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Clean regularly after each use
(ii) Lubricate the wheel regularly to reduce friction
(iii) Store in a dry, shaded place to prevent rust
(iv) Tighten all loose nuts and bolts
(v) Repaint rusting metal parts to prevent corrosion
(vi) Replace damaged or worn-out tyres
(vii) Avoid overloading to prevent frame damage
(viii) Inspect regularly and repair any damage promptly.

(4ai)
(i) Digestion of food.
(ii) Grinding of feed materials.

(4aii)
(i) Muscular walls for grinding.
(ii) Presence of grit for breaking down food.

(4b)
(i) Provides meat for food.
(ii) Supplies milk for consumption.
(iii) Produces wool or hair for textiles.
(iv) Used in agricultural labor.
(v) Source of manure for farming.

(4c)
(i) Ticks.
(ii) Lice.
(iii) Mites.

(4d)
(i) Protection from predators.
(ii) Regulation of body temperature.
(iii) Aid in sensory perception.

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*2025 WAEC chemistry practical alternative A theoretical value for VA*

From the instruction paper

Volume of concentrated HCl (V₁) = 8.6cm³

Mass concentration of NaHCO₃ = 8g/dm³

My workings

% purity of HCl = 36

Specific gravity of HCl = 1.18

Molar mass of NaHCO₃ = (23) + (1) + (12) + (48) = 84g/mol

Molar mass of HCl = (1) + (35.5) = 36.5g/mol

VB = 25.0cm³

Equation of the reaction
HCl + NaHCO₃ -----> NaCl + H₂O + CO₂

nA = 1 and nB = 1

To get molar concentration (C₁) of the concentrated acid

Formula to use is

C₁ = (10 × % purity × specific gravity)/Molar mass

C₁ = (10 × 36 × 1.18)/36.5
C₁ = 424.8/36.5
C₁ = 11.6383
C₁ = 11.6mol/dm³
This C₁ is the molar concentration of concentrated HCl

To get C₂ which is molar concentration of the dilute HCl

Formula to use is
C₁V₁= C₂V₂
(11.6 × 8.6cm³) = (C₂ × 1000cm³ for dilution)

99.76 = 1000C₂
Divide both sides by 1000
C₂ = 0.09976
C₂ = 0.0998mol/dm³
This C₂ is our CA and it is the molar concentration of the dilute HCl

To get molar concentration of NaHCO₃ (i.e CB)

Formula to use is
CB = (Mass concentration of B)/(Molar mass of B)

CB = 8/84
CB = 0.09523 to 3 s.f
CB = 0.0952mol/dm³

To get VA

Formula to use is
VA = (CBVBnA)/(CAnB)

VA = (0.0952 × 25 × 1)/(0.0998 × 1)
VA = 2.38/0.0998
VA = 23.8476 to 3 s.f
VA = 23.80cm³

*2025 WAEC chemistry practical alternative A theoretical value for VA = 23.80cm³*

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