WAEC UP NEXT MAY 16TH 2025

AGRIC SCIENCE PRACTICAL #1000

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*WAEC AGRIC SPECIMEN & GUIDELINES*

▪️ *SPECIMEN A* – Ammonium Sulphate (Labelled)

*Description:* A white crystalline inorganic fertilizer.
*Importance/Uses* :

i. Supplies nitrogen to plants, essential for leaf and stem growth.
ii. Improves soil fertility, especially in alkaline soils (it’s slightly acidic).
iii. Commonly used in vegetables, cereals, and pastures.

▪️ *SPECIMEN B* – Muriate of Potash (Labelled)

*Description:* Also known as potassium chloride (KCl), a reddish or white salt.
*Importance/Uses* :

i. Rich in potassium, essential for fruit development and disease resistance.
ii. Promotes root development and water regulation.
iii. Used in root crops like cassava and potatoes.

▪️ *SPECIMEN C* – Cow Dung

*Description:* Animal waste excreta, often used in raw or composted form.
*Importance/Uses* :

i. Acts as organic manure, improving soil structure and microbial activity.
ii. ncreases water retention and fertility in poor soils.
iii. Used in biogas production and organic farming.

▪️ *SPECIMEN D* – Compost (Labelled)

*Description* : Decomposed organic matter from plant and animal remains.
*Importance/Uses* :

i. Serves as natural fertilizer, returning nutrients to the soil.
ii. Enhances soil texture and moisture-holding capacity.
iii. Encourages sustainable farming by reducing chemical input.

▪️ *SPECIMEN E* – Cutlass

*Description:* A handheld cutting tool with a broad blade.
*Importance/Uses:*

i. Used for clearing bushes, weeding, and harvesting crops.
ii. Essential in manual farm operations, especially in small-scale farms.
iii. Aids in land preparation before planting.

▪️ *SPECIMEN F* – Spade

*Description:* A digging tool with a flat, broad blade and long handle.
*Importance/Uses:*

i. Used for digging, turning, and lifting soil.
ii. Helps in planting, transplanting, and soil amendment.
iii. A key tool in nursery and garden maintenance.

▪️ *SPECIMEN G* – Wheelbarrow

*Description:* A one-wheeled cart for transporting loads.
*Importance/Uses:*

i. Used for carrying soil, manure, tools, and harvested crops.
ii. Reduces manual labor and increases efficiency.
iii. Essential in construction and landscaping on farms.

▪️ *SPECIMEN H* – Yam Beetle

*Description:* A destructive insect pest that bores into yam tubers.
*Importance/Uses:*

i. Demonstrates pest damage symptoms on crops.
ii. Aids in teaching integrated pest management (IPM).
iii. Important for studying post-harvest loss in yams.

▪️ *SPECIMEN I* – Cowpea Weevil

*Description:* A beetle that infests cowpea seeds in storage.
*Importance/Uses:*

i. Used to study storage pests and infestation.
ii. Helps in learning preventive and control measures like airtight storage.
iii. Demonstrates effects of poor storage practices on legumes.

▪️ *SPECIMEN J* – Centrosema pubescens

*Description:* A creeping leguminous cover crop with purple flowers.
*Importance/Uses:*

i. Used for soil cover and erosion control.
ii. Improves soil nitrogen content through nitrogen fixation.
iii. Serves as forage for livestock.

▪️ *SPECIMEN K* – Spear Grass

*Description:* A common perennial weed with spear-like sharp tips.
*Importance/Uses:*

I. Used to teach weed identification.
ii. Helps in understanding weed control strategies.
iii. Demonstrates competition between crops and weeds.

▪️ *SPECIMEN L* – Gizzard (Chicken)

Description:A muscular part of a bird’s digestive system.
*Importance/Uses:

i. Shows adaptations of poultry for grinding food.
ii. Helps in explaining mechanical digestion in birds.
iii. Important in comparative anatomy with mammals.

▪️ SPECIMEN M – Goat Skin (Fresh, With Hairs Intact)

Description: Skin from a goat, unprocessed, with hair.
Importance/Uses:*

i. Used to explain structure and functions of animal skin.
ii. Demonstrates adaptations to the environment (e.g., hair for protection).
iii. Used to teach about hide and leather processing.

SPECIMEN N – Horn

Description: A hard, pointed projection from the head of animals like goats or cattle.
Importance/Uses:
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i. Used to explain animal adaptations and defense mechanisms.
ii. Helps in discussing sexual dimorphism and maturity in livestock.
iii. Can be linked to breed identification and classification.

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(3a)
[FILL IN THE TABLE]

=TYPE OF MOUTHPART=
Biting and chewing

=NATURE OF DAMAGE TO CROP=
Bore holes into yam tubers

=ONE EFFECT ON CROP=
Reduces market value/yield

=ONE CONTROL MEASURE=
Use of insecticides or pesticides


(3b)
J (Centrosema pubescens): Explosive mechanism (self-dispersal)
K (Spear grass): Wind dispersal


(3c)
J: The fruit bursts open when mature, scattering seeds.

K: The seeds are light and have hairy structures that allow them to be carried by wind.


(3d)
(i) Regular weeding or slashing before seed formation
(ii) Use of selective herbicides
(iii) Crop rotation or planting cover crops that suppress its growth


(3e)
(i) It has an extensive underground rhizome system, which allows it to regrow even after cutting.
(ii) It reproduces both by seeds and vegetative parts, making it spread rapidly.
(iii) Its seeds are easily dispersed by wind, leading to quick colonization of nearby areas.
(iv) It is resistant to many common herbicides, making chemical control less effective.

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AGRIC SCIENCE PRACTICAL


(1a)
(i)Low soil nitrogen levels
(ii)Soil pH adjustment

(1b)
(i)Broadcasting: Spreading fertilizers evenly over the field.
(ii)Band placement: Placing fertilizers in bands near the seeds or plants.
(iii)Foliar application: Spraying fertilizers directly on plant leaves.
(iv)Fertigation: Applying fertilizers through irrigation systems.

(1c)
(i)Potatoes
(ii)Bananas
(iii)Sugarcane
(iv)Tomatoes

(1d)
(i)Nutrient enrichment
(ii)Improved soil structure
(iii)Increased microbial activity
(iv)Sustainable resource
(v)Reduced waste

(2a)
SPECIMEN E:
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Clearing bushes and shrubs
(ii) Harvesting crops like maize
(iii) Pruning branches of plants
(iv) Cutting wood for staking or fencing
(v) Weeding between crops
(vi) Digging shallow holes for planting

SPECIMEN F:
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Digging soil for planting
(ii) Turning and loosening the soil
(iii) Mixing soil with fertilizers or manure
(iv) Removing weeds
(v) Transplanting seedlings
(vi) Leveling and shaping seedbeds

(2b)
(Draw the Diagram)

(2c)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Clean regularly after each use
(ii) Lubricate the wheel regularly to reduce friction
(iii) Store in a dry, shaded place to prevent rust
(iv) Tighten all loose nuts and bolts
(v) Repaint rusting metal parts to prevent corrosion
(vi) Replace damaged or worn-out tyres
(vii) Avoid overloading to prevent frame damage
(viii) Inspect regularly and repair any damage promptly.

(4ai)
(i) Digestion of food.
(ii) Grinding of feed materials.

(4aii)
(i) Muscular walls for grinding.
(ii) Presence of grit for breaking down food.

(4b)
(i) Provides meat for food.
(ii) Supplies milk for consumption.
(iii) Produces wool or hair for textiles.
(iv) Used in agricultural labor.
(v) Source of manure for farming.

(4c)
(i) Ticks.
(ii) Lice.
(iii) Mites.

(4d)
(i) Protection from predators.
(ii) Regulation of body temperature.
(iii) Aid in sensory perception.

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