📢 ጠቃሚ ማስታወቂያ ለ Hulepay ተጠቃሚዎች! 🔔

አስደሳች ዜና ⏩ ውድ የ Hulepay ተጠቃሚዎች ዌብሳይታችን ላይ ምዝገባ በ4 ቀን ውስጥ በሚያዝያ 19 እንደሚጀመር ስንገልጽልዎት በታላቅ ደስታ ነው።🔜🦁

ግን ያ ብቻ አይደለም! ዌብሳይታችን ላይ ምዝገባው እስኪጀምር ለቀጣዮቹ 3 ቀናት በቴሌግራም ቦታችን ላይ የሪፈራል ዋጋን ከ1 ብር ወደ 3 ብር ከፍ አድርገናል። 🤖
ይህ የሚቆየው ለሚቀጥሉት 3 ቀናት እስከ ሚያዝያ 18 ድረስ ብቻ ነው።🕓 ይህ ማለት በዚህ የተወሰነ ጊዜ ውስጥ ለእያንዳንዱ የተሳካ ሪፈራል ከፍተኛ ገቢ ማግኘት ይችላሉ።💵

ለጊዜው ቦቱ ላይ ብር ማውጣት የሚቻለው በ ቴሌብር ስለሆነ እባክዎ የ ቴሌብር አካውንት እንዳለዎት ያረጋግጡ።🪪✅💱

ይህ አስደናቂ እድል እንዳያመልጥዎት!⭐️ በተጨመረው የሪፈራል ዋጋ ለመጠቀም ጓደኞቻችሁን እና ወዳጆቻችሁን በተቻለ ፍጥነት ወደ 👇
https://t.me/hulepay_official_bot?start=r09255643085 👈

ይጋብዙ።

♻️ Important Scientific Laws and Theories ♻️
==============================

🔹 Ohm's Law - It states that the current passing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points provided the physical state and temperature etc. of the conductor does not change.

🔹 Pauli exclusion principle - It explains that no two electrons in the same atom or molecule can have the same set of quantum numbers.

🔹 Raman effect - It is the change in wavelength that occurs when light is scattered by the atoms or molecules in a transparent medium.

🔹 Tyndall effect - The scattering of light by very small particles suspended in a gas or liquid.

🔹 Boyles's Law - It states that temperature remaining constant, volume of a given mass of a gas varies inversely with the pressure of the gas. Thus,
PV = K (constant), where, P = Pressure and V = Volume.

🔹 Charles's Law - It states that pressure remaining constant, the volume of a given mass of gas increases or decreases by 1/273 part of its volume at 0 degree celsius for each degree celsius rise or fall of its temperature.

🔹 Coulomb's Law - It states that force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is proportional to the amount of charge on both charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

🔹 Heisenberg principle (uncertainty principle) - It is impossible to determine with accuracy both the position and the momentum of a particle such as electron simultaneously.

🔹 Archimede's principle - It states that a body when wholly or partially immersed in a liquid, experiences an upward thrust which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it. Thus, the body appears to lose a part of its weight. This loss in weight is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body.

🔹 Aufbau principle - It states that in an unexcited atom, electrons reside in the lowest energy orbitals available to them.

🔹 Avogadro's Law - It states that equal volumes of all gases under similar conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.

🔹 Brownian motion - It is a zigzag, irregular motion exhibited by small solid particles when suspended in a liquid or gas due to irregular bombardment by the liquid or gas molecules.

🔹 Bernoulli's principle - It states that as the speed of a moving fluid, liquid or gas, increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. The aerodynamic lift on the wing of an aeroplane is also explained in part by this principle.

🔹 Gay-Lussac’s Law of combining volumes - Gases react together in volumes which bear simple whole number ratios to one another and also to the volumes of the products, if gaseous — all the volumes being measured under similar conditions of temperature and pressure.

🔹 Graham’s Law of Diffusion - It states that the rates of diffusion of gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their densities under similar conditions of temperature and pressure.

🔹 Kepler's Law - Each planet revolves round the Sun in an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one focus. The straight line joining the Sun and the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals. The squares of the orbital periods of planets are proportional to the cubes of their mean distance from the Sun.

🔹 Law of Floatation - For a body to float, the following conditions must be fulfilled: The weight of the body should be equal to the weight of the water displaced and the centre of gravity of the body and that of the liquid displaced should be in the same straight line.

🔹 Law of conservation of energy - It states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another. Since energy cannot be created or destroyed, the amount of energy present in the universe is always remain constant.

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ለኢንትራንስ ፈተና Ethio Matric አፕሊኬሽንን በመጠቀም ዝግጅታቹን አጠናክሩ፡፡

🔷 አፕሊኬሽኑ ከ2008 - 2015ዓም የኢንትራንስ ፈተና ከነመልሱ እና ከነማብራሪያው የያዘ ሲሆን ፤ እነዚህን ፈተናዎች በቀላሉ መለማመድ የምትችሉበት መንገድ አዘጋጅቷል፡፡

🔷 አፕሊኬሽኑን ዳውንሎድ ለማድረግ ታች ያለውን ሊንክ ይጫኑ
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.addismatric.addismatric

ቴሌግራም ላይ ከማንኛውም ሰው በ #http:// የሚጀምር ሊንክ ተልኮላችሁ ስታገኙ እንዳትከፍቱት ምክንያቱም ሰሞኑን የመጣ ቫይረስ አለ ሙሉ ለሙሉ የተፃፃፋችሁትን እና #Join ያደረጋችሁትን ቻናሎች ሁሉ ያጠፋውና እንደ አዲስ ነው አካውንት ክፈቱ የሚላችሁ ይሔ ትልቅ ጥንቃቄ የሚያስፈልገው ነገር ነው የላኩላችሁ ሰዎች የናንተ የቅርብ ሰው ቢሆኑም እንዳትከፍቱት እነሱም ቢሆኑ ለምን እንደላኩት፣ መቼ እንደላኩት አያውቁትም። በተጨማሪም ከሀከሮች አካውንታችሁን ለማዳን በምታስታውሱት Password Two-Step Verification On አድርጉ! @atc_news

Stay careful.

Hello fam🙌🙌Today we recommend two important websites for students, check them out...

1. Quizlet (https://quizlet.com/): Quizlet is a popular study tool that allows students to create flashcards, quizzes, and other study materials to help them review and retain information. It's a great way to reinforce learning and prepare for exams.

2. TED-Ed (https://ed.ted.com/): TED-Ed offers a collection of educational videos on a wide range of topics, presented by experts in their respective fields. These videos can be a great way for students to explore new ideas and concepts in an engaging and accessible format.

  ✨ Ethio students Team ✨
   @EthiopianStudentsTM

#MATH

1. What is the value of sin(0)?
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) undefined

Answer: a) 0
2. Which of the following is an identity?
a) sin(a+b) = sin(a) + sin(b)
b) cos(a+b) = cos(a) + cos(b)
c) tan(a+b) = tan(a) + tan(b)
d) sin(2a) = 2sin(a)


Answer: d) sin(2a) = 2sin(a)
3. What is the period of the function f(x) = 2sin(x)?
a) π
b) 2π
c) 4π
d) 1


Answer: b) 2π
4. If sin(x) = 3/5, what is the value of cos(x)?
a) 4/5
b) 3/4
c) 4/3
d) 5/3


Answer: a) 4/5
5. What is the amplitude of the function f(x) = 3cos(2x)?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 6


Answer: c) 3
6. Which of the following is a Pythagorean identity?
a) sin^2(a) + cos^2(a) = 1
b) tan^2(a) + 1 = sec^2(a)
c) cot^2(a) + 1 = csc^2(a)
d) all of the above


Answer: d) all of the above
7. What is the value of tan(π/4)?
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) undefined


Answer: b) 1
8. If f(x) = sin(x) and g(x) = cos(x), what is the value of f(π/2) + g(π/2)?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) -1
Answer: c) 2


9. What is the phase shift of the function f(x) = sin(x + π/2)?
a) π/2
b) -π/2
c) π
d) -π


Answer: b) -π/2
10. Which of the following is a sum identity?
a) sin(a+b) = sin(a)cos(b) + cos(a)sin(b)
b) cos(a+b) = cos(a)cos(b) - sin(a)sin(b)
c) tan(a+b) = (tan(a) + tan(b))/(1 - tan(a)tan(b))
d) all of the above


Answer: d) all of the above

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● Join: @EthiopianStudentsTM

📌 ● 12th Entrance Exam Date.

✨ Spread the word to your friends.

@EthiopianStudentsTM

#Update

የ12ኛ ክፍል መልቀቂያ ፈተና በኦንላይን የምትፈተኑ ተማሪዎች ፈተናው የሚሰጠው በየ ትምህርት ቤታቹህ ሲሆን ለፈተናውም ኮምፒውተሮች፣ላፕቶፖች፣ታብሌቶች እና ሌሎች ግብአቶች እየተዘጋጁ ነው።

የአዲስ አበባ ተማሪዎች ሙሉ በሙሉ በኦንላይን እንደሚሰጥ ይጠበቃል።
Source: Atc

#Medicine

ስለ ሜዲስን ትንሽ ልበላቹህ

📡 ጥሩ ውጤት ማምጣት እስከቻላችሁና ግቢያቹህ ሜዲስን እንደሚሰጥ እርግጠኛ እስከሆናቹህ ድረስ ያለምንም ጥርጥር ህክምና ማጥናት ትችላላቹሁ


ሀገራችን ውስጥ እንደሚታወቀው ከፍተኛ የሆነ የሀኪሞች እጥረት ያለ ቢሆንም የስራ እድሉ ግን ብዙዎቻቹህ እንደምታስቡት እንደልብ አይደለም በተለይ በዚህ ወቅት በህክምና የተመረቁ ዶክተሮችን እንደድሮው መንግስት ሳይሆን ራሳቸው ናቸው ስራ ፈለገው የሚቀጠሩት ቢሆንም ግን በአጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ የግል ስራ ለመስራት ጥሩ እድል አለው ።


ምንም ጥያቄ የሌለው ነገር ሜዲስን ለመግባት ጥሩ ውጤት ሊኖራቹህ እንደሚገባ ነው ፤ ግቢ ስትገቡ በመጀመሪያው ሴሚስተር ጥሩ ግሬድ ሊኖራቹህ ግድ ይላል(50%) ፤ ኢንትራንስም ከ20% ዋጋ አለው የሜዲስን መግቢያ COC ደግሞ 30%

ግቢያቹህ በሚቀበለው ኮታ ልክ የተሻለ ውጤት ያስመዘገቡ ተማሪዎቹን ሜዲስን በምርጫቸው እንዲማሩ ይደርጋል


ፈጣሪ ረድቷቹህ ሜዲስን ለምትገቡ Full year Course

🧿 Pre-medical modules (16 weeks)

📌 Basic English Skills
📌 Communicative Skill
📌 Basic Writing skills
📌 Computer Application in Medicine
📌 Medical Psychology
📌 Medical Sociology and Anthropology
📌 Civics and Ethics

♨️ Vacation: 2

▶️ Pre-clinical Year I (Year 1)

📌 Body structure, Organization and Functions – I
📌 Body structure, Organization and Functions – II
📌 Metabolic Homeostasis and Molecular Genetics
📌 Basic concepts of Disease and Therapy


♨️Vacation: 2 weeks

📌 Measurment of Health and Diseases

📌 Blood and Immunity

📌 Neoplasia and Molecular Basis of Cancer

📌 Musculoskeletal, Integumentary and Craniofacial Regions

▶️ Pre-Clinical Year II (Year 2)

📌 Cardioipulmonary System

📌 Nutrition, Metabolic diseases and the GIT

📌 Urinary system and Toxicology

📌 Infectious Disease

♨️Vacation: 2 weeks

📌 Determinents of Health and Disease and research Methodology

📌 Endocrinology and Reproduction

📌 Neurosciences and Behavior

▶️1. Clinical Year I (Year 3)

📌Clinical Methods
📌Medical ethics and law I
Internal Medicine I
📌Surgery I
Obstetrics and Gynecology I
Paediatrics and Child Health I

▶️1. Clinical year II (Year 4 and 5)

📌Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
📌Health Management and Policy
📌Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
📌Ophthalmology
📌Dentistry
📌Dermatology
📌Introduction to Gender

♨️Vacation: 2 weeks

📌 Paediatrics and Child
📌 Health I
📌Obstetrics and Gynecology II

📌 Diagnostic Radiology
📌 Medical Ethics and Law II
📌 Rural community Health Practice

♨️Vacations: 2 weeks

📌 Internal Medicine II
📌 Surgery II
📌 Psychiatry
📌 Emergency Medicine


💎 ይህ ከላይ የተጠቀሰው የትምህርት ካሪኩለም የጥቁር አንበሳ ሆስፒቲል ተማሪዎች የሚማሩበት የትምህርት ስርዓት ሲሆን ከዩንቨርሲቲዎች ጋር አንዳንድ መዋቅሮቹ ቢለያዩም ብዙ ነገሮቹ ግን ተመሳሳይ ናቸው



💰ስለ ስራ እድሉ እና ተያያዥ የህክምና ትምህርት መረጃዎችን በሌላ ጊዜ የምንዳስስላቹህ ይሆናል ።


💌 Caution

በጣም ግን አደራ ልላቹህ የምፈልገው ነገር ፍሬሽማን ኮርስ ላይ ጥሩ ውጤት ስላመጣቹህ ብቻ አልያም ሜዲስን የመማር ዕድል ስላላቹህ ብቻ ወይም ቤተሰብ ደስ እንዲለው ብላቹህ ሜዲስን ለመግባት እንዳትወስኑ ምክንያቱም ይህ የትምህርት መስክ ከሁሉም በላይ OVER LOAD ስላለው ብዙ ተማሪዎች ትምህርቱን መቋቋም አቅቷቸው ከመጫርም በላይ ስለሚጨልሉ አቅማችሁን አውቃቹህ ከፍላጎታቹህ ጋር ለማስማማት ሞክሩ ፤ በተለይ በተለይ ሶስቱን ተከታታይ አመታት የሚሰጡት ኮርሶች ከምታስቡት በላይ ጫና ሊኖራቸው እንደሚችል አውቃቹህ ከወዲሁ አቅማችሁን ፣ ችሎታችሁን እንዲሁም ተነሳሽነታችሁን ፈትሹ!!

Source - Atc
@EthiopianStudentsTM

♻️ Important Notes - Electrochemical Cells ♻️

► An electrochemical cell can convert electrical energy to chemical energy and can also convert electrical energy to chemical energy. There are two types of electrochemical cells- Galvanic cell and Electrolytic cell.

► Cathodes are usually metal electrodes. It is the electrode where reduction takes place. The cathode is the positive electrode in a galvanic cell and a negative electrode in an electrolytic cell. Electrons move into the cathode.

► A half-cell is half of an electrochemical cell (electrolytic or galvanic), where either oxidation or reduction occurs. At equilibrium, there is no transfer of electrons across the half cells. Therefore, the potential difference between them is nil.

► A salt bridge is a device used to connect the oxidation and reduction half-cells of a galvanic cell (a type of electrochemical cell). Strong electrolytes are generally used to make the salt bridges in electrochemical cells. Since ZnSO4 is not a strong electrolyte, it is not used to make salt bridges.

► Emf of a cell is equal to the maximum potential difference across its electrodes, which occurs when no current is drawn through the cell. It can also be defined as the net voltage between the oxidation and reduction half-reactions.

► Cell potential is an intensive property as it is independent of the amount of material present. Gibbs free energy is defined for an electrochemical cell and is an extensive property as it depends on the quantity of the material.

► Electrode potential is the tendency of an electrode to accept or to lose electrons. Electrode potential depends on the nature of the electrode, temperature of the solution and the concentration of metal ions in the solution. It doesn’t depend on the size of the electrode.

► The salt bridge connects the two half-cell solutions to complete the circuit of the electrochemical cell. The electrolytes of the salt bridge are generally prepared in agar-agar or gelatin so that the electrolytes are kept in a semi-solid phase and do not mix with the half-cell solutions and interfere with the electrochemical reaction.

► A salt bridge is a junction that connects the anodic and cathodic compartments in a cell or electrolytic solution. It maintains electrical neutrality within the internal circuit, preventing the cell from rapidly running its reaction to equilibrium.

► A Voltaic or Galvanic cell is a type of electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic cells are used to convert light energy into electrical energy. An Electrolytic cell is a type of electrochemical cell that converts electrical energy into chemical energy. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidizing agent into electricity.

► For all spontaneous chemical reactions, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) is always negative. For a spontaneous reaction in an electrolytic cell, the cell potential (E°cell) should be positive.

► In an electrochemical cell, when an opposing externally potential is applied and increased slowly, the reaction continues to take place. When the external potential is equal to the potential of the cell, the reaction stops. Once the externally applied potential is greater than the potential of the cell, the reaction goes in the opposite direction and the cell behaves like an electrolytic cell.

► Primary cells cannot be used again and again. Since there is no fluid inside, these cells are also known as dry cells. The internal resistance is high and the chemical reaction is irreversible. Their initial cost is cheap.

► A secondary battery (a series of cells) is one which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times. Nickel-cadmium cell, Lead storage cell and Mercury cell are examples of secondary cells. Leclanche cell is an example of a primary cell.

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#Alkene_and_Addition_Reaction 😊

1⃣ Why is propene stronger than ethene ?

2⃣ How do you distinguish alkene from alkane ?
By what chemical test ?

3⃣ Why is double bond more reactive than single bond ?

4⃣ Why do alkenes readily react with other compounds ?

📥 Share your answers in  ( @EntranceGroup9_12 ) group.