Useful Run Commands Every Windows User Should Know

Press Win + R on your ⌨️ to open the Run dialog box and enter any of 👇 commands to access the respective tool.

🔹 "." -  the user's folder.
🔹 ".." - user folder.
🔹 "control" - control panel.
🔹 "msconfig" - system configuration parameters.
🔹 "appwiz.cpl" - programs and components.
🔹 "cleanmgr" - a disk cleaning utility.
🔹 "resmon" - resource monitor.
🔹 "calc", "notepad", "mspaint" - calculator, notepad and paint.
🔹 "main.cpl" - mouse parameters.
🔹 "mstsc" - remote desktop.
🔹 "msinfo32" - system information.
🔹 wab  - Contacts.
🔹 dccw - Display Color Calibration.
🔹 desk.cpl - Display Settings.

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Roadmap to learn Network Engineering

Here's a comprehensive guide to mastering the essential skills and knowledge areas:

1. Networking Fundamentals: OSI model, TCP/IP model, and networking devices (routers, switches, hubs, bridges).

2. Network Protocols: Core protocols (TCP, UDP, IP), application layer protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, DNS, DHCP), and additional protocols (SNMP, ICMP, ARP).

3. Routing and Switching: Routing protocols (OSPF, EIGRP, BGP), switching concepts (VLANs, STP, trunking), and routing techniques.

4. Network Design and Architecture: Network topologies (star, mesh, bus, ring), design principles (redundancy, scalability, reliability), and network types (LAN,
WAN, MAN, WLAN, VLAN).

5. Network Security: Firewalls, VPNs, ACLs, security protocols (SSL/TLS, IPSec), and best practices.

6. Wireless Networking: Wireless standards (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax), wireless security (WPA2, WPA3), and network design.

7. Cloud Networking: Cloud services (VPC, Direct Connect, VPN), hybrid cloud Networking, and cloud providers (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud).

8. Network Automation and Scripting: Network programmability, automation techniques, and scripting (Python, Bash, PowerShell).

9. Monitoring and Troubleshooting: Network monitoring, troubleshooting techniques (ping, traceroute, network diagrams), and performance monitoring (NetFlow, SNMP).

10. Virtualization and Container Networking: Virtual network functions (NFV), software-defined networking (SDN), and container networking (Docker, Kubernetes).

11. Certifications: Entry-level (CompTIA Network+, Cisco CCNA), professional-level (Cisco CCNP, Juniper JNCIP), advanced-level (Cisco CCIE, VMware VCP-NV).

18 web-application hacking tools:

1. Burp Suite - Framework.
2. ZAP Proxy - Framework.
3. Dirsearch - HTTP bruteforcing.
4. Nmap - Port scanning.
5. Sublist3r - Subdomain discovery.
6. Amass - Subdomain discovery.
7. SQLmap - SQLi exploitation.
8. Metasploit - Framework.
9. WPscan - WordPress exploitation.
10. Nikto - Webserver scanning.
11. HTTPX - HTTP probing.
12. Nuclei - YAML based template scanning.
13. FFUF - HTTP probing.
14. Subfinder - Subdomain discovery.
15. Masscan - Mass IP and port scanner.
16. Lazy Recon - Subdomain discovery.
17. XSS Hunter - Blind XSS discovery.
18. Aquatone - HTTP based recon.

30 Tips how to use OSINT for bug hunting:

1. Use Google Dorks to find vulnerabilities in web applications.
2. Use Shodan to find vulnerable IoT devices.
3. Use Whois to find information about domain names.
4. Use Maltego to visualize relationships between entities.
5. Use the Wayback Machine to find old versions of websites.
6. Use social media to gather information about targets.
7. Use LinkedIn to gather information about employees.
8. Use GitHub to find sensitive information in code repositories.
9. Use Google Alerts to monitor for mentions of your target.
10. Use DNSDumpster to map out a target's infrastructure.
11. Use Recon-ng to automate OSINT tasks.
12. Use theHarvester to gather email addresses and other information.
13. Use SpiderFoot to automate OSINT tasks and gather intelligence.
14. Use FOCA (Fingerprinting Organizations with Collected Archives) to gather metadata from documents.
15. Use VirusTotal to scan files for malware.
16. Use Censys to find vulnerable systems on the internet.
17. Use Foca Pro to extract metadata from documents and analyze it.
18. Use FOCA Online to extract metadata from documents and analyze it in the cloud.
19. Use FOCA Free Edition for basic metadata extraction from documents.
20. Use Metagoofil to extract metadata from documents and analyze it.
21. Use Datasploit for automated OSINT tasks and data mining.
22. Use Google Hacking Database (GHDB) for advanced Google searches.
23. Use Google Custom Search Engine (CSE) for targeted searches on specific websites or domains.
24. Use Google Advanced Search for advanced searches on Google.
25. Use Google Trends to monitor trends related to your target or industry.
26. Use Google Analytics to gather information about website traffic and user behavior.
27. Use Google AdWords Keyword Planner for keyword research related to your target or industry.
28. Use Google PageSpeed Insights to analyze website performance and identify vulnerabilities.
29. Use Google Search Console (formerly Webmaster Tools) for website analytics and vulnerability identification.
30. Use Google My Business for local SEO optimization.

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1. Think Before Clicking: Be careful with links, especially in emails and messages, as they could be traps set by hackers.

2. Strong and Unique Passwords: Use different passwords for each account and make them strong by mixing uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols.

3. Password Manager: Use a password manager to keep track of all your passwords securely.

4. Two-factor Authentication (2FA): Add extra layers of security, like codes or fingerprints, to your login process.

5. Stay Updated with CERT-In: Keep an eye on CERT-In updates to stay informed about cybersecurity threats.

6. Keep Software Updated: Regularly update your software, browsers, and operating systems to patch vulnerabilities.

7. Use Firewalls and Anti-viruses: Protect your systems from various cyber threats like malware and viruses by using updated anti-virus software and firewalls.

8. Avoid Online Debit Card Use: When making online transactions, avoid using cards directly linked to your bank account for added security. Opt for safer payment methods like PayPal or credit cards.

9. Learn About Phishing Attacks: Be wary of phishing emails or messages that trick you into giving away personal information. Avoid clicking on suspicious links or opening attachments from unknown senders.

10. Avoid Unfamiliar Websites: Be cautious when visiting new websites, especially those shared by unknown sources, as they could contain harmful malware.

11. Avoid Useless Downloads: Limit downloads to essential software and browser extensions. Always opt for custom installations and decline any additional add-ons during the process.

12. Stay Cautious on Social Media: Limit the amount of personal information shared on social media platforms to prevent hackers from accessing sensitive data.

13. Regularly Backup Your Data: Create backups of your files and network data to mitigate loss from cyber attacks or data breaches.

14. Use VPN on Public WiFi: When using public WiFi, use a Virtual Private Network (VPN) to encrypt your device's traffic and enhance security against hackers.

15. Secure Your Data: Stay vigilant and educated about cybersecurity threats to safeguard your personal data and systems. Consider enrolling in a cybersecurity program to deepen your understanding of this field.

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Starting a career in ethical hacking is a thrilling journey into the world of cybersecurity. As you grow in this field, you may find yourself drawn to various specialized areas:

• Penetration Testing: If you enjoy simulating cyberattacks to uncover vulnerabilities, focusing on penetration testing could be your next step, helping organizations strengthen their defenses.

• Red Teaming: If you’re excited about playing the role of an adversary to test an organization's security, diving into red teaming might be your calling, where you’ll use advanced techniques to challenge security systems.

• Cybersecurity Consultancy: If you’re passionate about advising companies on how to protect their assets, transitioning to a cybersecurity consultant role could be a great fit, providing expert guidance on best practices and risk management.

• Incident Response: If you're interested in detecting and responding to security breaches, specializing in incident response could be the path for you, helping organizations mitigate damage during and after cyberattacks.

• Forensics: If you're intrigued by investigating cybercrimes, digital forensics might be the right specialization, where you'll gather and analyze digital evidence to solve security incidents.

Even if you stick with ethical hacking, there’s always something new to learn, especially with the ever-evolving tactics and tools used by cybercriminals.

The key is to stay curious and keep honing your skills. Every step you take in ethical hacking opens up new avenues to protect and secure the digital world.

Here are 30 cybersecurity search engines:

1. Dehashed—View leaked credentials.
2. SecurityTrails—Extensive DNS data.
3. DorkSearch—Really fast Google dorking.
4. ExploitDB—Archive of various exploits.
5. ZoomEye—Gather information about targets.
6. Pulsedive—Search for threat intelligence.
7. GrayHatWarefare—Search public S3 buckets.
8. PolySwarm—Scan files and URLs for threats.
9. Fofa—Search for various threat intelligence.
10. LeakIX—Search publicly indexed information.
11. DNSDumpster—Search for DNS records quickly.
13. FullHunt—Search and discovery attack surfaces.
14. AlienVault—Extensive threat intelligence feed.
12. ONYPHE—Collects cyber-threat intelligence data.
15. Grep App—Search across a half million git repos.
17. URL Scan—Free service to scan and analyse websites.
18. Vulners—Search vulnerabilities in a large database.
19. WayBackMachine—View content from deleted websites.
16. Shodan—Search for devices connected to the internet.
21. Netlas—Search and monitor internet connected assets.
22. CRT sh—Search for certs that have been logged by CT.
20. Wigle—Database of wireless networks, with statistics.
23. PublicWWW—Marketing and affiliate marketing research.
24. Binary Edge—Scans the internet for threat intelligence.
25. GreyNoise—Search for devices connected to the internet.
26. Hunter—Search for email addresses belonging to a website.
27. Censys—Assessing attack surface for internet connected devices.
28. IntelligenceX—Search Tor, I2P, data leaks, domains, and emails.
29. Packet Storm Security—Browse latest vulnerabilities and exploits.
30. SearchCode—Search 75 billion lines of code from 40 million projects.

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Complete Cybersecurity Roadmap 🎯🔖

1. Introduction to Ethical Hacking

• Definition
• Purpose
• Types of Hackers
• Legal and Ethical Considerations

2. Networking Basics

• TCP/IP
• OSI Model
• Subnetting
• DNS
• DHCP

3. Operating Systems

• Linux
• Windows
• macOS
• Command Line Basics

4. Cybersecurity Fundamentals

• Encryption
• Firewalls
• Antivirus
• IDS/IPS

5. Programming Languages

• Python
• JavaScript
• Bash Scripting
• SQL
• C/C++/Java/Ruby

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Here's a List Of 50 Different Cybersecurity Careers

1. Security Analyst
2. Penetration Tester
3. Security Consultant
4. Incident Responder
5. Security Engineer
6. Ethical Hacker
7. Security Architect
8. Malware Analyst
9. Cryptographer
10. Security Administrator
11. Network Security Engineer
12. Security Auditor
13. Security Operations Center (SOC) Analyst
14. Threat Intelligence Analyst
15. Security Compliance Analyst
16. Security Researcher
17. Security Awareness Trainer
18. Forensic Analyst
19. Risk Analyst
20. Application Security Engineer
21. Data Privacy Officer
22. Identity and Access Management (IAM) Specialist
23. Cloud Security Engineer
24. IoT Security Specialist
25. Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Analyst
26. Mobile Security Analyst
27. Wireless Security Engineer
28. Blockchain Security Specialist
29. Embedded Systems Security Analyst
30. Incident Handler
31. Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Engineer
32. Network Forensics Analyst
33. Threat Hunter
34. Disaster Recovery Specialist
35. Business Continuity Planner
36. Security Software Developer
37. DevSecOps Engineer
38. Cybersecurity Sales Engineer
39. Security Program Manager
40. Security Policy Analyst
41. Cyber Insurance Analyst
42. Security Education Specialist
43. Security Risk Manager
44. Security Compliance Manager
45. Cloud Security Architect
46. Red Team Operator
47. Blue Team Operator
48. Security Tool Developer
49. Security Awareness Manager
50. Cybersecurity Trainer

WiFi hacking notes 📝

1. Session Does not expire after password change..
=> login with correct credentials and capture the cookie from response while login. Change password. Now try access to account with captured cookies.

2. Open redirect
=> try multiple endpoint and parameter see if it's forward u to another domain via GET.

3. No rate limit on forgot password
=> send many emails to your mail and flood your inbox via forgot password mail

4. No rate limit on sign up page
=> try to create multiple accounts using intruder.

What is Phishing, Vishing and SMShing

Phishing:-
Works by sending fake emails that look real by impersonating trustworthy sources to trick people into sharing sensitive info.

Vishing:-
is when scammers call you on the phone where attackers use voice calls to deceive victims

SMShing:-
targets through text messages, leading users to malicious sites to steal personal information,bank logs ,ccs (like in sms spamming)

👼 20 Coolest Careers in Cybersecurity 👼

Organizations are hiring individuals with a unique set of skills and capabilities, and seek those who have the abilities and knowledge to fulfill many new job roles in the cybersecurity industry. The coolest careers in cybersecurity are the most in-demand by employers. Full details here.

1. Threat Hunter
2. Red Teamer
3. Digital Forensic Analyst
4. Purple Teamer
5. Malware Analyst
6. Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
7. Blue Teamer – All- Around Defender
8. Security Architect & Engineer
9. Incident Response Team Member
10. Cyber Security Analyst/ Engineer
11. OSINT Invest/Analyst
12. Technical Director
13. Cloud Analyst
14. Intrusion Detection / (SOC) Analyst
15. SecurityAwareness Officer
16. Vulnerability Researcher & Exploit Developer
17. ApplicationPenTester
18. ICS/OT Security Assessment Consultant
19. DevSecOpsEngineer
20. Media Exploitation Analyst

Linux System Administrator Roadmap🐧💻

├── 🔹 Foundations
│ ├── 🔸 Basic Linux Concepts
│ │ ├── 📂 File System Hierarchy
│ │ ├── 🔑 Permissions and Ownership
│ │ ├── 🔄 Processes and Daemons
│ │ └── 🖥️ Basic Commands (ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, etc.)
│ ├── 🔸 Shell and Scripting
│ │ ├── 📝 Bash Scripting
│ │ ├── 🔧 Basic Automation
│ │ └── 🛠️ Common Shell Commands (grep, awk, sed)
│ ├── 🔸 Networking Fundamentals
│ │ ├── 🌐 TCP/IP Stack
│ │ ├── 🌍 DNS Configuration
│ │ ├── 🔌 Network Interfaces
│ │ └── 🛠️ Basic Network Troubleshooting (ping, traceroute, netstat)
│ └── 🔸 System Installation and Configuration
│ ├── 💿 Installation Methods (ISO, PXE)
│ ├── 🗂️ Disk Partitioning and File Systems
│ └── 🔒 Initial Configuration and Hardening
├── 🔹 System Administration
│ ├── 🔸 User and Group Management
│ │ ├── 👤 User Accounts
│ │ ├── 👥 Group Policies
│ │ └── 🔑 sudo Configuration
│ ├── 🔸 Package Management
│ │ ├── 📦 RPM and YUM (RHEL/CentOS)
│ │ ├── 📦 APT (Debian/Ubuntu)
│ │ └── 🔧 Compiling from Source
│ ├── 🔸 Process Management
│ │ ├── 🔄 Systemd and Init
│ │ ├── 👀 Monitoring and Controlling Processes
│ │ └── 🕒 Crontab and Scheduled Tasks
│ ├── 🔸 Filesystem Management
│ │ ├── 🗂️ Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
│ │ ├── 📁 NFS and Samba
│ │ └── 📊 Disk Quotas
│ └── 🔸 Security
│ ├── 🔥 Firewalls (iptables, firewalld)
│ ├── 🛡️ SELinux and AppArmor
│ ├── 🔒 SSH Configuration and Hardening
│ └── 📝 Auditing and Logging
├── 🔹 Networking and Services
│ ├── 🔸 Network Configuration
│ │ ├── 🌐 Static and Dynamic IP Addressing
│ │ ├── 🔌 Network Bonding and Bridging
│ │ └── 📶 VLANs
│ ├── 🔸 Web Services
│ │ ├── 🌐 Apache and Nginx
│ │ ├── 🔐 HTTPS and SSL/TLS
│ │ ├── ↔️ Reverse Proxies
│ │ └── 🛡️ Web Application Firewalls (WAF)
│ ├── 🔸 Database Management
│ │ ├── 💾 MySQL/MariaDB
│ │ ├── 💾 PostgreSQL
│ │ ├── 📂 NoSQL Databases (e.g., MongoDB)
│ │ └── 🔄 Backup and Restore
│ ├── 🔸 Email Services
│ │ ├── ✉️ Postfix and Sendmail
│ │ └── 🚫 Spam Filtering
│ └── 🔸 File and Print Services
│ ├── 📁 Samba
│ ├── 📁 NFS
│ └── 🖨️ CUPS
├── 🔹 Advanced Administration
│ ├── 🔸 Virtualization
│ │ ├── 💻 KVM and QEMU
│ │ ├── 📦 VirtualBox
│ │ └── 🔧 Libvirt
│ ├── 🔸 Containerization
│ │ ├── 🐳 Docker
│ │ ├── ☸️ Kubernetes
│ │ └── 🔧 Podman
│ ├── 🔸 Cloud Computing
│ │ ├── ☁️ AWS
│ │ ├── ☁️ Azure
│ │ ├── ☁️ OpenStack
│ │ └── ☁️ GCP (Google Cloud Platform)
│ ├── 🔸 Configuration Management
│ │ ├── 🤖 Ansible
│ │ ├── 🎭 Puppet
│ │ ├── 🍴 Chef
│ │ └── 🧂 SaltStack
│ └── 🔸 High Availability
│ ├── 🔗 Clustering (Pacemaker, Corosync)
│ ├── ⚖️ Load Balancing (HAProxy, Nginx)
│ └── 🔄 Backup and Disaster Recovery
├── 🔹 Monitoring and Performance
│ ├── 🔸 System Monitoring
│ │ ├── 🔧 Tools (Nagios, Zabbix, Prometheus, Grafana)
│ │ └── 📝 Log Management (ELK Stack, Graylog)
│ ├── 🔸 Performance Tuning
│ │ ├── 🧠 CPU and Memory Optimization
│ │ ├── 💾 Disk I/O Performance
│ │ └── 🌐 Network Performance
│ └── 🔸 Troubleshooting
│ ├── 📝 Log Analysis
│ ├── 🔍 Common Issues and Solutions
│ ├── 🚧 Performance Bottlenecks
│ └── 🔧 Kernel Tuning
├── 🔹 Scripting and Automation
│ ├── 🔸 Advanced Scripting
│ │ ├── 📜 Shell Scripting (Advanced)
│ │ ├── 🐍 Python Scripting
│ │ └── 🤖 Task Automation
│ └── 🔸 Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
│ ├── 🌍 Terraform
│ ├── ☁️ CloudFormation
│ └── 🔄 CI/CD Pipelines (Jenkins, GitLab CI)
└── 🔹 Security and Compliance
├── 🔸 Security Best Practices
│ ├── 🔒 System Hardening
│ └──🔄 Regular Updates and Patching
└── 🔍 Security Auditing Tools (e.g., Lynis, OpenVAS)