Literary Terms:
aesthetic distance
The term implies a psychological relationship between the reader (or viewer) and a work of art. It describes the attitude or perspective
of a person in relation to a work, irrespective of whether it is interesting to that person. A reader may dislike a poem, for instance, for subjective reasons
but this should not vitiate his objective reaction. The reader or critic has at once to be involved with – and detached from – what he is concentrating on.
The work is ‘distanced’ so that it may be appreciated aesthetically and not confused with reality. The writer bears the responsibility for gauging and
determining the distance (not in any spatial sense) at which his work should be viewed. If he bullies the reader into attending, then his reader may be
repelled; if he undertakes too much, then his reader may not get the point. The concept of aesthetic distance became established in the 20th c., though
it appears to be inherent in 19th c. aesthetics; and, as long ago as 1790, Kant, in his Critique of Judgement, had already described the disinterestedness of our contemplation of works of art. In 1912, E. Bullough published an essay entitled Psychical Distance as a Factor in Art and an Aesthetic Principle (British Journal of Psychology, V) in which he defined ‘psychical distance’. This is an important essay in the history of the concept. Since Bullough a number of critics have addressed themselves to the matter, includ- ing David Daiches in A Study of Literature for Readers and Critics (1948). More recently, Hans Robert Jauss, in developing his theory of the ‘horizon of expectations’ (q.v.), has given the term a very different additional significance. In his theory literary value is measured according to ‘aesthetic distance’, the degree to which a work departs from the ‘horizon of expectations of its first readers.
horizon of expectations
A term (the German is Erwartungshorizont) devised by Hans Robert Jauss to denote the criteria which readers use to judge literary texts in any given period. It is a crucial aspect of Jauss’s aesthetics of reception, and the term designates the shared set of assumptions which can be attributed to any given generation of readers. The criteria help constitute readers’ judgements of, say, a poem (e.g. pastoral or elegy, qq.v.) in a trans-subjective way. Horizons of expectation change. The poetry of one age is judged, valued and interpreted by its contemporaries, but the views of that age do not necessarily establish the meaning and value of the poetry definitively. Neither meaning nor value is permanently fixed, because the horizon of expectations of each generation will change. As Jauss puts it: ‘A literary work is not an object which stands by itself and which offers the same face to each reader in each period. It is not a monument which reveals its timeless essence in a monologue.’ Each age reinterprets poetry (and literature in general) in the light of its own knowledge and experience, its own cultural environment. Literary value is measured according to ‘aesthetic distance’ (q.v.), the degree to which a work departs from the ‘horizon of expectations’ of its first readers. Jauss’s essay Literary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory (1967) attempts to provide a theory of literature based on a socio-historical context and a solution to the problem of how texts are evaluated. In ‘Reading and Interpretation’ (an essay published in Modern Literary Theory, 1982, ed. by Jefferson and Robey) Ian Maclean comments helpfully on the concept: ‘The “horizon of expectations” . . . is detectable through the textual strategies (genre, literary allusion, the nature of fiction and of poetical language) which confirm, modify, subvert or ironize the expectations of readers.’ ‘Aesthetic distance’ becomes a measure of literary value, ‘creating a spectrum on one end of which lies “culinary” (totally consumable) reading, and, on the other, works which have a radical effect on their readers’.
aesthetic distance
The term implies a psychological relationship between the reader (or viewer) and a work of art. It describes the attitude or perspective
of a person in relation to a work, irrespective of whether it is interesting to that person. A reader may dislike a poem, for instance, for subjective reasons
but this should not vitiate his objective reaction. The reader or critic has at once to be involved with – and detached from – what he is concentrating on.
The work is ‘distanced’ so that it may be appreciated aesthetically and not confused with reality. The writer bears the responsibility for gauging and
determining the distance (not in any spatial sense) at which his work should be viewed. If he bullies the reader into attending, then his reader may be
repelled; if he undertakes too much, then his reader may not get the point. The concept of aesthetic distance became established in the 20th c., though
it appears to be inherent in 19th c. aesthetics; and, as long ago as 1790, Kant, in his Critique of Judgement, had already described the disinterestedness of our contemplation of works of art. In 1912, E. Bullough published an essay entitled Psychical Distance as a Factor in Art and an Aesthetic Principle (British Journal of Psychology, V) in which he defined ‘psychical distance’. This is an important essay in the history of the concept. Since Bullough a number of critics have addressed themselves to the matter, includ- ing David Daiches in A Study of Literature for Readers and Critics (1948). More recently, Hans Robert Jauss, in developing his theory of the ‘horizon of expectations’ (q.v.), has given the term a very different additional significance. In his theory literary value is measured according to ‘aesthetic distance’, the degree to which a work departs from the ‘horizon of expectations of its first readers.
horizon of expectations
A term (the German is Erwartungshorizont) devised by Hans Robert Jauss to denote the criteria which readers use to judge literary texts in any given period. It is a crucial aspect of Jauss’s aesthetics of reception, and the term designates the shared set of assumptions which can be attributed to any given generation of readers. The criteria help constitute readers’ judgements of, say, a poem (e.g. pastoral or elegy, qq.v.) in a trans-subjective way. Horizons of expectation change. The poetry of one age is judged, valued and interpreted by its contemporaries, but the views of that age do not necessarily establish the meaning and value of the poetry definitively. Neither meaning nor value is permanently fixed, because the horizon of expectations of each generation will change. As Jauss puts it: ‘A literary work is not an object which stands by itself and which offers the same face to each reader in each period. It is not a monument which reveals its timeless essence in a monologue.’ Each age reinterprets poetry (and literature in general) in the light of its own knowledge and experience, its own cultural environment. Literary value is measured according to ‘aesthetic distance’ (q.v.), the degree to which a work departs from the ‘horizon of expectations’ of its first readers. Jauss’s essay Literary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory (1967) attempts to provide a theory of literature based on a socio-historical context and a solution to the problem of how texts are evaluated. In ‘Reading and Interpretation’ (an essay published in Modern Literary Theory, 1982, ed. by Jefferson and Robey) Ian Maclean comments helpfully on the concept: ‘The “horizon of expectations” . . . is detectable through the textual strategies (genre, literary allusion, the nature of fiction and of poetical language) which confirm, modify, subvert or ironize the expectations of readers.’ ‘Aesthetic distance’ becomes a measure of literary value, ‘creating a spectrum on one end of which lies “culinary” (totally consumable) reading, and, on the other, works which have a radical effect on their readers’.
____________________
1. Which narrative poem by Lord Tennyson presents the story of a fisherman turned merchant-sailor who, after a shipwreck, is marooned on a desert island ?
(1) "Crossing the Bar"
(2) "Tithonus"
3) "Enoch Arden" ☑️
(4) "Maud"
Additional Info:
Enoch Arden is a narrative poem published in 1864 by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. The hero of the poem, fisherman turned merchant sailor Enoch Arden, leaves his wife Annie and three children to go to sea with his old captain, who offers him work after he had lost his job due to an accident; in a manner that reflects the hero's masculine view of personal toil and hardship to support his family, Enoch Arden left his family to better serve them as a husband and father. However during his voyage, Enoch Arden is shipwrecked on a desert island with two companions; both eventually die, leaving Arden alone there. Enoch Arden remains lost and missing for more than ten years.
He finds upon his return from the sea that, after his long absence, his wife, who believed him dead, is married happily to another man, his childhood friend Philip (Annie has known both men since her childhood, thus the rivalry), and has a child by him. Enoch's life remains unfulfilled, with one of his children now dead, and his wife and remaining children now being cared for by his onetime rival.
Enoch never reveals to his wife and children that he is really alive, as he loves her too much to spoil her new happiness. Enoch dies of a broken heart.
____________________
2. In "Memorial Verses" Matthew Arnold pays tribute to three great poets. Who are they ?
(1) Goethe, Shakespeare, Wordsworth
(2) Goethe, Shakespeare, Milton -
(3) Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth
(4) Goethe, Wordsworth, Byron ☑️
Additional Info:
Memorial Verses April 1850
Goethe in Weimar sleeps, and Greece,
Long since, saw Byron's struggle cease.
But one such death remain'd to come;
The last poetic voice is dumb—
We stand to-day by Wordsworth's tomb
____________________
3. Who among the following English playwrights wrote screenplays on novels such as Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time, John Fowles's French Lieutenant's Woman, and Margaret Atwood's Handmaid's Tale ?
(1) John Arden
(2) Edward Bond
(3) Harold Pinter ☑️
(4) David Hare
Additional Info:
Harold Pinter was a Nobel Prize-winning British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include The Birthday Party (1957), The Homecoming (1964), and Betrayal (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include The Servant (1963), The Go-Between (1971), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), The Trial (1993), and Sleuth (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and others' works.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Harold_Pinter
____________________
4. The years in English literary history between 1649 and 1660 are known as
(1) the Neo-classical period
(2) the Commonwealth period ☑️
(3) the Stuart period
(4) the Jacobean period
Additional Info:
This era in English history can be divided into four periods:
The first period of the Commonwealth of England from 1649 until 1653
The Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell from 1653 to 1658
The Protectorate under Richard Cromwell from 1658 to 1659
The second period of the Commonwealth of England from 1659 until 1660
____________________
5. In R.K. Narayan's Swami and Friends, which game offers Swami the best kind of emotional release from the strains and pressures of disagreeable circumstances ?
(1) cricket ☑️
(2) football
(3) tennis
(4) hockey
Additional Info:
Cricket is a game mentioned throughtout the novel. Swami's friend Rajam is the Captain of Malgudi Cricket Club (Victory Union Eleven). The other cricketers mentioned in the book are Jack Hobbs, Donald Bradman, Duleep, Maurice Tate
1. Which narrative poem by Lord Tennyson presents the story of a fisherman turned merchant-sailor who, after a shipwreck, is marooned on a desert island ?
(1) "Crossing the Bar"
(2) "Tithonus"
3) "Enoch Arden" ☑️
(4) "Maud"
Additional Info:
Enoch Arden is a narrative poem published in 1864 by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. The hero of the poem, fisherman turned merchant sailor Enoch Arden, leaves his wife Annie and three children to go to sea with his old captain, who offers him work after he had lost his job due to an accident; in a manner that reflects the hero's masculine view of personal toil and hardship to support his family, Enoch Arden left his family to better serve them as a husband and father. However during his voyage, Enoch Arden is shipwrecked on a desert island with two companions; both eventually die, leaving Arden alone there. Enoch Arden remains lost and missing for more than ten years.
He finds upon his return from the sea that, after his long absence, his wife, who believed him dead, is married happily to another man, his childhood friend Philip (Annie has known both men since her childhood, thus the rivalry), and has a child by him. Enoch's life remains unfulfilled, with one of his children now dead, and his wife and remaining children now being cared for by his onetime rival.
Enoch never reveals to his wife and children that he is really alive, as he loves her too much to spoil her new happiness. Enoch dies of a broken heart.
____________________
2. In "Memorial Verses" Matthew Arnold pays tribute to three great poets. Who are they ?
(1) Goethe, Shakespeare, Wordsworth
(2) Goethe, Shakespeare, Milton -
(3) Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth
(4) Goethe, Wordsworth, Byron ☑️
Additional Info:
Memorial Verses April 1850
Goethe in Weimar sleeps, and Greece,
Long since, saw Byron's struggle cease.
But one such death remain'd to come;
The last poetic voice is dumb—
We stand to-day by Wordsworth's tomb
____________________
3. Who among the following English playwrights wrote screenplays on novels such as Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time, John Fowles's French Lieutenant's Woman, and Margaret Atwood's Handmaid's Tale ?
(1) John Arden
(2) Edward Bond
(3) Harold Pinter ☑️
(4) David Hare
Additional Info:
Harold Pinter was a Nobel Prize-winning British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include The Birthday Party (1957), The Homecoming (1964), and Betrayal (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include The Servant (1963), The Go-Between (1971), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), The Trial (1993), and Sleuth (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and others' works.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Harold_Pinter
____________________
4. The years in English literary history between 1649 and 1660 are known as
(1) the Neo-classical period
(2) the Commonwealth period ☑️
(3) the Stuart period
(4) the Jacobean period
Additional Info:
This era in English history can be divided into four periods:
The first period of the Commonwealth of England from 1649 until 1653
The Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell from 1653 to 1658
The Protectorate under Richard Cromwell from 1658 to 1659
The second period of the Commonwealth of England from 1659 until 1660
____________________
5. In R.K. Narayan's Swami and Friends, which game offers Swami the best kind of emotional release from the strains and pressures of disagreeable circumstances ?
(1) cricket ☑️
(2) football
(3) tennis
(4) hockey
Additional Info:
Cricket is a game mentioned throughtout the novel. Swami's friend Rajam is the Captain of Malgudi Cricket Club (Victory Union Eleven). The other cricketers mentioned in the book are Jack Hobbs, Donald Bradman, Duleep, Maurice Tate
____________________
6. William Blake expressed the importance of the particular when he said that "To Generalize is to be____. To particularize is the alone Distinction of Merit." Fill in the blank.
(1) an idiot ☑️
(2) a poet
(3) a dreamer
(4) a skunk
____________________
7. Which of the following was not a dialect of Old English ?
1) Irish
(2) Northumbrian
(3) Mercian
(4) Kentish
Additional Info:
Saxons — South of the Thames (West Saxon area)
Angles — Middle and Northern England (Mercia and Northumbria), including lowland Scotland
Jutes — South-East of England (Kent)
_____________________
8. Anthony Burgessrs last novel, published in 1993, is called A Dead Man in Deptford Who is the central character to whom the title refers ?
(1) Sir Walter Raleigh
(2) Sir Philip Sidney
(3) Christopher Marlowe ☑️
(4) Earl of Southampton
Additional Info:
A Dead Man in Deptford is a 1993 novel by Anthony Burgess, the last to be published during his lifetime. It depicts the life and character of Christopher Marlowe, a renowned playwright of the Elizabethan era. Kit Marlowe is portrayed as a secretive, solitary and eventually isolated person. Burgess explores his sexual addiction and passion for the theatre.
____________________
9.Choose the correct Chronological order :
(1) William Caxton prints the first English book - William Shakespeare’s First Folio - John
Milton’s Areopagitica - “Tottel’s Miscellany” (Songs and Sonnets).
(2) "Tottel’s Miscellany” (Songs and Sonnets) - William Shakespeare’s First Folio - William
Caxton prints the first English book - John Milton’s Areopagitica.
(3) William Caxton prints the first English book - "Tottel’s Miscellany" (Songs and Sonnets)
- William Shakespeare’s First Folio - John Milton’s Areopagitica. ☑️
(4) William Shakespeare’s First Folio - John Milton’s Areopagitica - William Caxton prints
the first English book - "Tottel’s Miscellany” (Songs and Sonnets).
Additional Info:
William Caxton prints the first English book - 1476
"Tottel’s Miscellany" (Songs and Sonnets) - 1557
William Shakespeare’s First Folio - 1623
John Milton’s Areopagitica -1644
_____________________
10. What does the phrase 'ut pictura poesis' from Horace’s Art of Poetry mean ?
(1) “as in painting, so in poetry” ☑️
(2) "poetry beggars pictorial description".
(3) “as in poetry, so in painting”.
(4) “picture above all poetry”.
Additional Info:
Poetry resembles painting. Some works will captivate you when you stand very close to them and others if you are at a greater distance. This one prefers a darker vantage point, that one wants to be seen in the light since it feels no terror before the penetrating judgment of the critic. This pleases only once, that will give pleasure even if we go back to it ten times over. Horace meant that poetry (in its widest sense, "imaginative texts") merited the same careful interpretation that was, in Horace's day, reserved for painting.
6. William Blake expressed the importance of the particular when he said that "To Generalize is to be____. To particularize is the alone Distinction of Merit." Fill in the blank.
(1) an idiot ☑️
(2) a poet
(3) a dreamer
(4) a skunk
____________________
7. Which of the following was not a dialect of Old English ?
1) Irish
(2) Northumbrian
(3) Mercian
(4) Kentish
Additional Info:
Saxons — South of the Thames (West Saxon area)
Angles — Middle and Northern England (Mercia and Northumbria), including lowland Scotland
Jutes — South-East of England (Kent)
_____________________
8. Anthony Burgessrs last novel, published in 1993, is called A Dead Man in Deptford Who is the central character to whom the title refers ?
(1) Sir Walter Raleigh
(2) Sir Philip Sidney
(3) Christopher Marlowe ☑️
(4) Earl of Southampton
Additional Info:
A Dead Man in Deptford is a 1993 novel by Anthony Burgess, the last to be published during his lifetime. It depicts the life and character of Christopher Marlowe, a renowned playwright of the Elizabethan era. Kit Marlowe is portrayed as a secretive, solitary and eventually isolated person. Burgess explores his sexual addiction and passion for the theatre.
____________________
9.Choose the correct Chronological order :
(1) William Caxton prints the first English book - William Shakespeare’s First Folio - John
Milton’s Areopagitica - “Tottel’s Miscellany” (Songs and Sonnets).
(2) "Tottel’s Miscellany” (Songs and Sonnets) - William Shakespeare’s First Folio - William
Caxton prints the first English book - John Milton’s Areopagitica.
(3) William Caxton prints the first English book - "Tottel’s Miscellany" (Songs and Sonnets)
- William Shakespeare’s First Folio - John Milton’s Areopagitica. ☑️
(4) William Shakespeare’s First Folio - John Milton’s Areopagitica - William Caxton prints
the first English book - "Tottel’s Miscellany” (Songs and Sonnets).
Additional Info:
William Caxton prints the first English book - 1476
"Tottel’s Miscellany" (Songs and Sonnets) - 1557
William Shakespeare’s First Folio - 1623
John Milton’s Areopagitica -1644
_____________________
10. What does the phrase 'ut pictura poesis' from Horace’s Art of Poetry mean ?
(1) “as in painting, so in poetry” ☑️
(2) "poetry beggars pictorial description".
(3) “as in poetry, so in painting”.
(4) “picture above all poetry”.
Additional Info:
Poetry resembles painting. Some works will captivate you when you stand very close to them and others if you are at a greater distance. This one prefers a darker vantage point, that one wants to be seen in the light since it feels no terror before the penetrating judgment of the critic. This pleases only once, that will give pleasure even if we go back to it ten times over. Horace meant that poetry (in its widest sense, "imaginative texts") merited the same careful interpretation that was, in Horace's day, reserved for painting.
NTA UGC NET - English
____________________ 1. Which narrative poem by Lord Tennyson presents the story of a fisherman turned merchant-sailor who, after a shipwreck, is marooned on a desert island ? (1) "Crossing the Bar" (2) "Tithonus" 3) "Enoch Arden" ☑️ (4) "Maud" Additional…
Answers with additional info updated
Quiz 25
Literary Theory
1. The New Critics were:
Formalist critics
Marxist critics
Feminist critics
Psychological Critics
2. What approach to literary criticism requires the critic to know about the author's life and times?
Mimetic
All of these
Formalist
Historical
3. Formalist critics believe that the value of a work cannot be determined by the author's intention. What term do they use when speaking of this belief?
The objective correlative
The pathetic fallacy
The intentional fallacy
The affective fallacy
4. Who originated the term "objective correlative," which is often used in formalist criticism?
Virginia Woolf
C.S. Lewis
T.S. Eliot
Matthew Arnold
5. In a Freudian approach to literature, concave images are usually seen as:
Male symbols
Evidence of an Oedipus complex
Phallic symbols
Female symbols
6. He was an influential force in archetypal criticism.
Jung
Richards
Freud
Tate
7. Seven is an archetype associated with:
Evil
Death
Birth
Perfection
8. This feminist critic proposed that all female characters in literature are in at least one of the following stages of development: the feminine, feminist, or female stage.
Elaine Showalter
Mary Wolstencraft
Virginia Woolf
Ellen Mores
9. A critic argues that in John Milton's "Samson Agonistes," the shearing of Samson's locks is symbolic of his castration at the hands of Delilah. What kind of critical approach is this critic using?
Mimetic approach
Formalist approach
Historical approach
Psychological approach
10. One archetype in literature is the scapegoat. Which of these literary characters serves that purpose?
Captain Ahab
Ophelia
Hamlet
Billy Budd
11. One of the disadvantages of this school of criticism is that it tends to make readings too subjective.
Historical Criticism
Reader Response Criticism
Formalist Criticism
These are all equally subjective
12. This literary critic coined the term "fancy."
Carl Jung
Matthew Arnold
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Virginia Woolf
13. Michael Foucault was the major practitioner of this school of criticism.
Structuralism
Mimetic Criticism
Deconstructionism
Formalist Criticism
14. This critical approach assumes that language does not refer to any external reality. It can assert several, contradictory interpretations of one text.
Structuralism
Mimetic Criticism
Formalist Criticism
Deconstructionism
15. A critic examining John Milton's "Paradise Lost" focuses on the physical description of the Garden of Eden, on the symbols of hands, seed, and flower, and on the characters of Adam, Eve, Satan, and God. He pays special attention to the epic similes and metaphors and the point of view from which the tale is being told. He looks for meaning in the text itself, and does not refer to any biography of Milton. He is most likely a ____ critic.
Formalist
Mimetic
Reader Response
Feminist
16. This literary critic warned: "We must remember that the greater part of our current reading matter is written for us by people who have no real belief in a supernatural order . . . And the greater part . . . is coming to be written by people who not only have no such belief, but are even ignorant of the fact that there are still people in the world so 'backward' or so 'eccentric' as to continue to believe."
T.S. Eliot
G.K. Chesterton
C.S. Lewis
Matthew Arnold
17. A critic of Thomas Otway's "Venice Preserv'd" wishes to know why the play's conspirators, despite the horrible, bloody details of their obviously brutish plan, are portrayed in a sympathetic light. She examines the author's life and times and discovers that there are obvious similarities between the conspiracy in the play and the Popish Plot. She is most likely a _________ critic.
Tory
Historical
Feminist
Psychological
18. This poet might be described as a moral or philosophical critic for arguing that works must have "high seriousness."
T.S. Eliot
Virginia Woolf
Elizabeth Browning
Matthew Arnold
Literary Theory
1. The New Critics were:
Formalist critics
Marxist critics
Feminist critics
Psychological Critics
2. What approach to literary criticism requires the critic to know about the author's life and times?
Mimetic
All of these
Formalist
Historical
3. Formalist critics believe that the value of a work cannot be determined by the author's intention. What term do they use when speaking of this belief?
The objective correlative
The pathetic fallacy
The intentional fallacy
The affective fallacy
4. Who originated the term "objective correlative," which is often used in formalist criticism?
Virginia Woolf
C.S. Lewis
T.S. Eliot
Matthew Arnold
5. In a Freudian approach to literature, concave images are usually seen as:
Male symbols
Evidence of an Oedipus complex
Phallic symbols
Female symbols
6. He was an influential force in archetypal criticism.
Jung
Richards
Freud
Tate
7. Seven is an archetype associated with:
Evil
Death
Birth
Perfection
8. This feminist critic proposed that all female characters in literature are in at least one of the following stages of development: the feminine, feminist, or female stage.
Elaine Showalter
Mary Wolstencraft
Virginia Woolf
Ellen Mores
9. A critic argues that in John Milton's "Samson Agonistes," the shearing of Samson's locks is symbolic of his castration at the hands of Delilah. What kind of critical approach is this critic using?
Mimetic approach
Formalist approach
Historical approach
Psychological approach
10. One archetype in literature is the scapegoat. Which of these literary characters serves that purpose?
Captain Ahab
Ophelia
Hamlet
Billy Budd
11. One of the disadvantages of this school of criticism is that it tends to make readings too subjective.
Historical Criticism
Reader Response Criticism
Formalist Criticism
These are all equally subjective
12. This literary critic coined the term "fancy."
Carl Jung
Matthew Arnold
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Virginia Woolf
13. Michael Foucault was the major practitioner of this school of criticism.
Structuralism
Mimetic Criticism
Deconstructionism
Formalist Criticism
14. This critical approach assumes that language does not refer to any external reality. It can assert several, contradictory interpretations of one text.
Structuralism
Mimetic Criticism
Formalist Criticism
Deconstructionism
15. A critic examining John Milton's "Paradise Lost" focuses on the physical description of the Garden of Eden, on the symbols of hands, seed, and flower, and on the characters of Adam, Eve, Satan, and God. He pays special attention to the epic similes and metaphors and the point of view from which the tale is being told. He looks for meaning in the text itself, and does not refer to any biography of Milton. He is most likely a ____ critic.
Formalist
Mimetic
Reader Response
Feminist
16. This literary critic warned: "We must remember that the greater part of our current reading matter is written for us by people who have no real belief in a supernatural order . . . And the greater part . . . is coming to be written by people who not only have no such belief, but are even ignorant of the fact that there are still people in the world so 'backward' or so 'eccentric' as to continue to believe."
T.S. Eliot
G.K. Chesterton
C.S. Lewis
Matthew Arnold
17. A critic of Thomas Otway's "Venice Preserv'd" wishes to know why the play's conspirators, despite the horrible, bloody details of their obviously brutish plan, are portrayed in a sympathetic light. She examines the author's life and times and discovers that there are obvious similarities between the conspiracy in the play and the Popish Plot. She is most likely a _________ critic.
Tory
Historical
Feminist
Psychological
18. This poet might be described as a moral or philosophical critic for arguing that works must have "high seriousness."
T.S. Eliot
Virginia Woolf
Elizabeth Browning
Matthew Arnold
19. A critic examining Pope's "An Essay on Man" asks herself: How well does this poem accord with the real world? Is it accurate? Is it moral? She is most likely a _____ critic.
Mimetic
Formalist
Feminist
Reader Response
20. One of the potential disadvantages of this approach to literature is that it can reduce meaning to a certain time frame, rather than making it universal throughout the ages.
Mimetic
Formalist
Historical
Feminist
Mimetic
Formalist
Feminist
Reader Response
20. One of the potential disadvantages of this approach to literature is that it can reduce meaning to a certain time frame, rather than making it universal throughout the ages.
Mimetic
Formalist
Historical
Feminist
Daniel_S_Burt_The_Drama_100__A_Ranking.pdf
3 MB
The Drama 100 - A Ranking of the Greatest Plays of All Time
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Join — @EnglishNETJRF
Congratualtions to all who made it this time and all the best to the people couldn't for their next attempt. 👍 😃
If there's anyone who cleared in the channel and wants to share their result, experience, tips and tricks, books, study material etc. can send them @gaarlicbread and I'll share them here.
Hi, sharing with you my experience in a series of audios. This particular one deals with the books that I think are important for NET. You will see a screenshot of my result (for the curious lot) followed by an audio in my screechy voice.
If there are others, as I have said before, who have cleared - you can share your experience too and I will post it here. It's all in good faith. Cheers!
If there are others, as I have said before, who have cleared - you can share your experience too and I will post it here. It's all in good faith. Cheers!
TL;DL?
- I recommend R.D Trivedi for History along with sprinkled readings of William Henry Hudson and William J Long for British History.
- M.A.R Habib’s book for Literary Theory. (PDF would suffice)
- Dictionary of Literary Terms by - J.A. Cuddon published by Penguin. (M.H. Abrahams will work too)
- English for UGC/NET/JRF/SLET by R.S. Malik for a question bank to practice.
- Previous Years Question Papers (Obviously)
- I recommend R.D Trivedi for History along with sprinkled readings of William Henry Hudson and William J Long for British History.
- M.A.R Habib’s book for Literary Theory. (PDF would suffice)
- Dictionary of Literary Terms by - J.A. Cuddon published by Penguin. (M.H. Abrahams will work too)
- English for UGC/NET/JRF/SLET by R.S. Malik for a question bank to practice.
- Previous Years Question Papers (Obviously)