#books #tenses

📙 Signal Words for all Tenses

🤓 Ingliz tiliga oid eng sara qo'llanmalar bizning kanalda.

📖Dars #  dare fe'lining  qo'llanishi

✳️ Ingliz tilida biroz eskirgan dare modal fe’li ham mavjud boʻlib, dare+infinitiv - jur’at qilmoq ma'nosida darak gaplarda, daren’t+infinitiv – jur’at qilolmaslik degan ma’noda  inkor gaplarda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸No one dare go there. (U yerga borishga hech kim jur'at qilolmaydi)
🔸I daren't think how much it's going to cost. (Buni qancha turishini o'ylashga jur'at qilolmayman - juda qimmat turadi degan ma'noda)

✳️ Og’zaki nutqda Qanday jur’at qilding … ? degan ma’noda how dare you +infinitiv…? iborasi birovning ish-harakatidan jahlimiz chiqqanida qoʻllaniladi.
🔸How dare you pick up the phone and listen in on my conversations! (Telefonni ko'tarib, mening suhbatimni eshitishga qanday hadding sig'di?)

⚠️Mazkur iborani yana How can you … ? muqobili ham boʻlib kuchli hayratlanishni bildiradi.
🔸How can you say such a thing? (Qanday qilib bu narsani ayta olding?)
🔸How can you expect me to believe your promises?

✳️ Ingliz tilida dare fe’li bilan I dare say iborasi menimcha (=I suppose) degan ma’noda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I dare say that the computer would provide a clear answer to that. (Menimcha kompyuter bunga aniq javob topib bersa kerak.)

🔥🔥🔥 DIQQAT...!!!🔥🔥🔥

Hurmatli oʻquvchilar bu kanalimizda karantin vaqtida online darslar olib borilgan edi. Bu kanalni yana yurg'izishga qaror qildim.! Kuzatib boringlar va ingliz tilini oson organinglar.!

🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥

📖Dars #  should va ought to modal fe'llarining asosli taxmin, ehtimollik va boshqa ma'nolarda qo'llanishi

1️⃣ should  va ought to modal fe'llari maslahat qilish ma'nosidan tashqari hozirgi va kelajak zamonda asosli taxmin (assumption) qilish uchun ham qoʻllaniladi. Bunday vaziyatlarda kutilgan narsa sodir boʻlishini taxmin qilinadi, oʻzbek tiliga -sa kerak, -shi kerak deb tarjima qilinadi.
🔸She has been studying very hard, so she should pass her examination. (U juda qattiq tayyorgarlik koʻrayapti, shuning uchun imtihondan oʻtsa kerak.)
🔸The sun's been shining all day, so the sea should be quite warm now. (Quyosh kuni bilan charaqlab turdi, shuning uchun dengiz ancha iliq boʻlishi kerak.)

2️⃣ If qatnashgan gaplarda should modal fe'li gapda ifodalangan ish-harakat sodir boʻlish ehtimoli kamligini bildirish uchun qoʻllaniladi. Oʻzbek tilida bunday if li gap "Mabodo…" deb boshlangani ma'qul.
Ikkita gapni qiyoslaymiz:
🔸If you see Tom this evening, can you tell him to phone me? (Agar Tomni koʻrib qolsang… ehtimollik oʻrtacha)
🔸If you should see Tom this evening, can you tell him to phone me? (Mabodo Tomni koʻrib qolsang….. ehtimollik kam)

⚠️Bunday gaplarda If boʻglovchisi gapda tushib qolishi ham mumkin, bunday vaziyatlarda should modal fe'li egadan oldinga chiqadi va inversiya sodir boʻladi.
🔸Should it rain, bring the washing into the house. (If it should rain..)
🔸Should you see Tom this evening, can you tell him to phone me? (If you should see...) 

3️⃣ should modal fe'li ba'zi taklif, buyruq, istakni bildiruvchi fe'llardan keyingi gapda qoʻllanishi mumkin. Bu fe'llar quyidagilar:
▫️suggest - taklif qilmoq ▫️propose - taklif qilmoq  ▫️recommend - tavsiya qilmoq ▫️insist - qat’iy turib olmoq ▫️demand - talab qilmoq  ▫️order - buyurmoq
🔸They insisted that we should have dinner with them. (Ular biz ular bilan tushlik qilishni juda qat'iy iltimos qilishdi)
🔸He suggested that I should buy a house. (U menga uy sotib olishimni taklif qildi.)
🔸She demanded that I should apologise.

4️⃣ should  modal fe'li ba'zi sifatlardan keyin kelgan gaplarda ham qoʻllanadi. Bu sifatlar quyidagilar:
▫️important▫️ essential ▫️strange   ▫️odd   ▫️surprised▫️funny ▫️typical ▫️natural ▫️interesting ▫️surprising
🔸It's strange that he should be late. He is usually on time. (Uning kech qolishi g'alati. U odatda vaqtida keladi)
🔸I was surprised that he should say such a thing.
🔸It's important that he should be on time.

💡American English (AmE) da yuqoridagi holatda should modal fe’li tushib qoʻlib, fe’lning tuslanmagan birinchi shakli (infinitiv) qoʻllaniladi.
🔸He suggested that I buy a house.
🔸It's important that he be on time.

https://t.me/EnglishGrammarRule

✳️ Test of the day 🧐

✳️ (Test 3, p.25) Choose the correct answer.
▪️The children ... in the garden because it's raining, so there is nobody there.
A) can't be playing
B) may be playing
C) must be playing
D) mustn't have played

🗝 The correct answer to the test is A (can't be playing).

✳️Mazkur testda can't+V1 yoki can't be+Ving biror vaziyatdan mantiqiy xulosa chiqarish uchun ishlatilishini bilish lozim edi. Bu qurilmalar '... bo'lishi mumkin emas' degan mazmunni beradi.



✳️Testni tarjima qilamiz:
🔸The children can't be playing in the garden because it's raining, so there is nobody there. (Bolalar bog'da o'ynab yurishgan bo'lishlari mumkin emas, chunki yomg'ir yog'moqda, shuning uchun u yerda hech kim yo'q)

https://t.me/EnglishGrammarRule

How to be more polite in English.


☹️You don't understand me.

🙂Perhaps, I am not making myself clear.
____________________________________________

☹️You didn't explain this point.

🙂I didn't understand this point.
____________________________________________

☹️You broke my favourite mug.

🙂My favourite mug has been broken.
____________________________________________

☹️Give me your contact details.

🙂Can I have your contact details, please?
____________________________________________

☹️I want a pizza.

🙂I would like to have a pizza.

❌❌❌ Don't use VERY ❌❌❌

📹 This Song Gave Me The Strength To Fight One More Day →

SO, NEITHER ,NOR

1⃣  so - ham degan ma'noda oldin aytilgan boʻlishli fikrga qoʻshilish uchun ishlatiladi. E'tiborli jihati - so+yordamchi fe'l+ ega qurilmasiga amal qilish kerak.
🔸A: I have been to the USA ➡️ B: So has Tom 
🔸A: Jane was late this morning. ➡️ B: So were her brothers. 
🔸A: I went to Bukhara last year. ➡️ B: So did we.
🔸A: He is coming to the party.➡️ B: So is Jack. 
🔸A: We should take care of it. ➡️ B: So should they. 

2⃣  neither/nor - ham degan ma'noda oldin aytilgan boʻlishsiz fikrga qoʻshilish uchun ishlatiladi. E'tiborli jihati - neither/nor+ boʻlishli yordamchi fe'l+ ega qurilmasiga amal qilish kerak.
🔸A: She hasn't found a job yet. ➡️B: Neither/nor have I.
🔸A: We don't often see Tom. ➡️ B: Neither/nor do I.
🔸A: I didn't go to Bukhara last year. ➡️B: Neither/nor did we.
🔸A:She didn't expect him to come. ➡️ B: Neither/nor did Jane.

⚠️Eslatma: no/none/nobody/no-one/nothing/nowhere/barely/seldom/scarcely/ hardly/ rarely soʻzlari ham mazmunan inkor soʻzlar hisoblanadi va ular qatnashgan gaplarga qoʻshilish uchun neither/nor soʻzlarini ishlatish lozim.
🔸A: Nobody did their homework. ➡️ B: Neither/nor did I.
🔸A: We never drink tea. ➡️ B: Neither/nor do they.

🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥

All the tenses are in one video.

Do you know the tenses.?!

📖Dars #1 Direct and indirect (reported) speech

✳️ Ingliz tilida ham oʻzbek tilida boʻlgani kabi koʻchirma gap (direct speech) va oʻzlashtirma gaplar (indirect speech) mavjud boʻlib, soʻzlashuv va yozma nuqtda juda koʻp qoʻllaniladi.
▪️Koʻchirma gap - bu muallifning nutqini hech qanday oʻzgarishsiz, oʻz holicha yetkazadigan gapdir.
▪️Oʻzlashtirma gap - bu muallifning nutqini zamonga va shaxsga moslashtirib boshqa birovga yetkazadigan gapdir. Misol uchun quyidagi gapni koʻrib chiqamiz:
🔸Tom said 'I am tired'. (Tom said - muallif gapi, 'I am tired' -koʻchirma gap, Tomning aytgan gapi hech qanday oʻzgarishsiz berilgan.)
🔸Tom said that he was tired. (Tom said - muallif gapi, 'he was tired' - oʻzlashtirma gap, Tomning aytgan gapi zamonga va shaxsga qarab moshlashtirilgan)

✳️ Umumiy qoidaga koʻra, koʻchirma gapni oʻzlashtirma gapga aylashtirish uchun koʻchirma gapdagi zamon bir zamon orqaga suriladi, shaxs, olmosh va boshqa payt ravishlari oʻzgartiriladi.

✳️ Zamonlarning oʻzgarish tartibini koʻrib chiqamiz :
1️⃣Present Simple Tense➡️ Past Simple Tense
🔸He said, 'My mother is a lawyer' ➡️ He said that his mother was a lawyer.
🔸He said 'I don't like coffee' ➡️  He said that he didn't like coffee.

2️⃣ Present Continuous Tense ➡️ Past Continuous Tense
🔸He said 'I am having my hair cut today' ➡️ He said that he was having his hair cut that day.

3️⃣Past Simple Tense ➡️ Past Perfect Simple Tense
🔸He said 'I started out as a teacher' ➡️ He said that he had started out as a teacher.

4️⃣Past Continuous Tense ➡️  Past Perfect Continuous Tense
🔸He said 'I was having a bath at five oʻclock yesterday' ➡️ He said that he had been having a bath at five oʻclock the day before.

5️⃣Present Perfect  Simple Tense ➡️ Past Perfect Simple Tense
🔸He said 'I have passed my driving test.' ➡️ He said that he had passed his driving test.

6️⃣Present Perfect Continuous Tense ➡️ Past Perfect  Continuous Tense
🔸He said 'I have been having English lessons for a year.' ➡️ He said that he had been having English lessons for a year.

▪️Modal fe'llar va boshqa yordamchi fe'llar quyidagicha oʻzgaradi:

1️⃣will/shall  ➡️ would/should
🔸He said 'Tom will win the match' ➡️ He said (that) Tom would win the match.

2️⃣can ➡️ could
🔸He said 'I can speak five languages' ➡️ He said (that) he could speak five languages.

3️⃣must/have to/has to ➡️ had to
🔸He said 'I have to/must goʻ ➡️ He said (that) he had to go.

4️⃣may ➡️ might
🔸He said 'Tom may win the match' ➡️ He said (that) Tom might win the match.

⚠️Boshqa vaziyatlarda koʻchirma gapda qoʻllanilgan might/could/should/would/ought to modal fe'llari oʻzgarmay qolgani ma'qul.

💡must modal fe'li koʻchirma gapda majburiyatni bildirib kelgan paytlarda had to modal fe'liga oʻzgarishi, buyruq (talab) yoki mantiqiy xulosani bildirib kelganda esa oʻzgarmasdan qolishi kerak.
🔸He said 'I must go now' (majburiyat) ➡️ He said that he had to go then.
🔸'You must do your homework' said Father to his son. (buyruq, talab) ➡️ Father said that he must do his homework.
🔸'You must be tired,' Paul told Susan. (mantiqiy xulosa) ➡️ Paul told Susan that she must be tired.

📖Dars #2 So'roq gaplarni o'zlashtirma gaplarda ifodalash

✳️ Ma'lumki,  ingliz tilida soʻroq gaplar ikki katta guruhga boʻlinadi:
1️⃣Umumiy soʻroq gaplar (yes/no questions) - javob sifatida Yes -ha  yoki No - yoʻq soʻzlarini talab qiladigan soʻroq gaplar. Bu soʻroq gaplar odatda faqat yordamchi fe'llar bilan hosil qilinadi.
🔸Do you speak English? 
🔸Are you a student? 
🔸Can he swim?

2️⃣Maxsus soʻroq gaplar (special questions) - Bunday soʻroq gaplarda  aniq bir shaxs/voqea/narsa haqida ma'lumot soʻraladi va soʻroq gap soʻroq olmoshlari (what/when/who/why/where…) va yordamchi fe'llar bilan hosil qilinadi.
🔸What do you do? 
🔸Where is he going? 
🔸Why did she leave early?

3️⃣Soʻroq gaplarni oʻzlashtirma gapga aylantirshda qoida uning qaysi soʻroq gap turiga mansub ekanligidan kelib chiqadi.
▪️Agar soʻroq gap umumiy soʻroq gap boʻlsa, quyidagi qurilma qoʻllaniladi:
▫️Muallif gapi+if/whether+bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap
🔸He asked me 'Do you speak English?' (soʻroq gap)  ➡️ He asked me if I spoke English. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)
🔸They asked Tom 'Are you a student?' (soʻroq gap) ➡️ They asked Tom whether he was a student. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)
🔸I asked Jane 'Can your brother swim?' (soʻroq gap) ➡️ I wanted to know if her brother could swim. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)

▪️Agar soʻroq gap maxsus soʻroq gap boʻlsa, quyidagi qurilma qoʻllaniladi:
▫️Muallif gapi+soʻroq olmoshi+bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap
🔸He asked me 'What do you do?' (maxsus soʻroq gap) ➡️ He asked me what I did. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)
🔸I asked Jane 'Where is your brother going?' (maxsus soʻroq gap) ➡️ I wanted to know where her brother was going. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)
🔸He asked me 'Why did she leave early?' (maxsus soʻroq gap) ➡️He asked me why she had left early. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)

⚠️Soʻroq gaplarda savol kimdan soʻralayotganligiga e'tibor berish lozim va shunga qarab oʻzlashtirma gapda egani toʻg'ri qoʻya olamiz.
🔸They asked Tom 'Are you a student?' ➡️ They asked Tom whether he was a student. (savol Tomdan soʻralmoqda, shuning uchun koʻchirma gapdagi you olmoshi oʻzlashtirma gapda he olmoshiga oʻzgartirilishi lozim.
🔸He asked me 'What do you do?'  ➡️ He asked me what I did. (Savol mendan so'ralmoqda, shuning uchun you olmoshi I ga o'zgardi)

✅Most commonly used phrases for speaking 🗣👥

1.  How is it going? - Ishlaring qanday?

2.  Long time no see! -  Anchadan beri ko’rishmadik!

3.  What have you been up to? - Nimalar qilib yuribsan?

4.  Can’t complain.  Hamma ishlarim joyida.

5. How do you know? Qayerdan bilasan?

6.  That’s a good one. Zo’r hazil.

7.  It is very kind of you.  Yordamingiz uchun rahmat.

8.  Thank you anyway.  Nima bo’lganda ham rahmat.

9. Thank you in advance. Oldindan rahmat.

10.  No worries! Tashvishlanmang. 

📖Dars #3 Buyruq gaplarni o'zlashtirma gaplarda ifodalash

✳️ Ingliz tilida buyruq gaplar II shaxsga (you) qaratiladi va gap boshida hozirgi zamondagi fe'l bilan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸Sit down. (Oʻtiring)
🔸Don't move! (Qimirlama!)

✳️ Oʻzlashtirma gaplarda buyruq gaplar ham ikkita qurilma asosida shakllantiriladi:

1️⃣ Agar buyruq gap boʻlishli boʻlsa, oʻzlashtirma gapda to+verb infitiniv shaklida qoʻllaniladi:
🔸The teacher asked us 'Sit down, please' (koʻchirma gap) ➡️ The teacher asked us to sit down.

2️⃣ Agar buyruq gap boʻlishsiz boʻlsa, oʻzlashtirma gapda not to+verb infinitiv shaklida qoʻllaniladi:
🔸Tom told me 'Don't move' (koʻchirma gap) ➡️ Tom told me not to move.

✳️ Modal fe'llar bilan hosil qilingan iltimos, taklif ma'nosidagi soʻroq gaplar ham mazmunan buyruq gap hisoblanadi.
🔸Jane asked me 'Can you close the door?'
🔸He asked me 'Would you like to drink some tea?'
▪️Yuqoridagi gaplarni ham oʻzlashtirma gapga aylantirganda buyruq gap qoidasi qoʻllaniladi.
🔸Jane asked me to close the door.
🔸He offered to drink some tea.

📖Dars #1 if va wish qatnashgan gaplar (kirish darsi)

✳️ Ingliz tilida shartli gaplar (shart ergash gaplar) alohida mavzu sifatida o'tiladi. Biz ularni oddiy til bilan if'li gaplar deymiz, chunki bu gaplarda har doim if... - agar... deb boshlanadigan gap bo'ladi. 
✳️ If bog'lovchisi qatnashgan shartli gaplarni guruhlarga boʻlib oʻrganish tavsiya qilinadi. Qavs ichida bu gaplarning real (haqiqatga toʻg'ri keladigan) va noreal (haqiqatga toʻg'ri kelmaydigan) vaziyatlar uchun qoʻllanishi berilgan.
1️⃣ First Conditional (real)
2️⃣ Second Conditional (unreal)
3️⃣ Third Conditional (unreal)
4️⃣ Zero Conditional (real)
5️⃣ Mixed Conditional (usually unreal)
6️⃣ Implied Conditional (real/unreal)
7️⃣ wish gaplar (unreal)
8️⃣ If only kelgan gaplar (unreal)

▪️Misollar:
🔸If it doesn't rain, we will go on a picnic. (Agar yomg'ir yog'masa, biz sayrga chiqamiz - real, bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan ish-harakat)
🔸If we had more money, we would go out more often. (Agar bizning pulimiz ko'p bo'lganida, biz aylanishga tez-tez chiqardik - noreal vaziyat, ya'ni hozir bizning pulimiz ko'p emas)

💡Shart ergash gaplar  ikkita qismdan tashkil topadi: asosiy gap va if qatnashgan gap. Tilshunoslik atamalari bilan ifoda qiladigan boʻlsak, bunday gaplarda if qatnashgan gap - ergash gap, asosiy ish-harakat ifodalangan gap - hokim gap deb yuritiladi.
🔸If Sharon passes the exam (ergash gap), she will be admitted to the university (hokim gap). 

✳️ Mazkur mavzu bo'yicha testlarni yechishda  asosiy gapdagi zamonga qarab if qatnashgan gap zamonini topish yoki teskarisi so'raladi, shuning uchun ham ushbu mavzuni oʻrganishda qo'shma gap qurilmalarga alohida e'tibor bilan qarash lozim.
🔸If I were you, I would put on warmer clothes. (Bu yerda If gapda o'tgan zamon bo'lgani uchun, asosiy gapda would+V1 qurilmasi ishlatilgan)
🔸She would have come to the party if we had invited her. (Bu yerda If gapda uzoq o'tgan zamon bo'lgani uchun, asosiy gapda wouldhave V3(ed) qurilmasi ishlatilgan)

📖Dars #2 First Conditional (Birinchi toifadagi shart ergash gaplar)

✳️ Mazkur turdagi gaplar if qatnashgan gap tarkibidagi shart amalga oshsa, kelajakda sodir boʻlishi mumkin boʻlgan ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi.
✳️ Odatiy qurilmasi:
▫️IF + Present Simple Tense, EGA + will/shall+V1 (oddiy kelasi zamon)
🔸If he passes his exam, he will get a place at university. ( Agar u imtihondan oʻtsa, universitetga qabul qilinadi.)
🔸If it doesn't rain, we will go on a picnic.

💡Umumiy qoidaga ko'ra, mazkur toifadagi ergash shart gaplarda  hozirgi zamonlardan xohlagan biri qo'llanishi mumkin, asosiy gapda esa xohlagan kelajakni bildiruvchi zamon yoki modal fe'llar bo'lishi mumkin.
🔸If you're coming out with us tonight, you will need to be ready by 7 oʻclock.
🔸If you have finished your homework, you may/can go home. (Agar uy vazifasini tugatgan boʻlsangiz, uyga ketishingiz mumkin.)

✳️ Shuningdek, mazkur toifadagi shart ergash gaplarda hokim gap buyruq gap shaklida ham bo'lishi mumkin.
🔸If you are ready, get your things and go back home.

✳️ Yuqoridagi misollarda gapning mazmuniga koʻra, asosiy gapdagi ish-harakatlar kelajakda haqiqatda sodir boʻlishi mumkin, shuning uchun ham first conditional - haqiqatga toʻg'ri keladigan vaziyatlar uchun qo'llaniladi.

📖Dars #3 Second Conditional (Ikkinchi toifadagi shart ergash gaplar)

✳️ Hozirgi yoki kelajak zamonda haqiqatga toʻg'ri kelmaydigan, hayoliy vaziyatlar va ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi. Shartning noreal ekanligini koʻrsatish uchun vaziyat hozirgi zamonga taalluqli boʻlsa ham, if qatnashgan gap oʻtgan zamonlarning birida ifodalanadi.
✳️ Odatiy qurilmasi:
▫️IF + Past Simple Tense, EGA + would/should+V1 (oddiy o'tgan kelasi zamon)
🔸If we had more money, we would buy a BMW.  ( Pulimiz ko'proq bo'lganida, BMW sotib olgan bo'lardik )
🔸If it weren't raining, we would go on a picnic.

💡Umumiy qoidaga ko'ra, mazkur toifadagi ergash shart gaplarda o'tgan davomiy zamon (Past continuous) yoki (could) modal fe'li ham qo'llanishi mumkin, asosiy gapda esa o'tgan zamon ma'nosidagi (could/might)  modal fe'llari bo'lishi mumkin.
🔸If we had more money, we could go out more often. (Pulimiz ko'proq bolganida, aylanishga tez-tez chiqqan bo'lardik)
🔸 If you asked Tony, he might do it for you.
🔸 If I were you, I wouldn't go there. (Sizning o'rningizda bo'lganimda, u yerga bormagan bo'lardim)

✳️ Yuqoridagi gaplarda if qatnashgan gap tarkibida hozirgi zamon payt ravishlari (now/at the moment/every day) boʻlsa ham, noreal vaziyat boʻlgani uchun oʻtgan zamon qoʻllaniladi.
🔸If he were here now, he would show us the city.

💡Bundan tashqari,  mazkur if qatnashgan gap turida  I/he/she/it shaxslari va birlikdagi ega bilan to be fe'lining  were shakli qoʻllanilgani ma'qul. English Grammar In Use kitobida bunday vaziyatlarda was fe'li ham qoʻllana olishi mumkinligini inkor etmagan holda, DTM tomonidan tuziladigan testlarda  were fe'li qoʻllanishini ta'kidlab oʻtamiz.
🔸If I were you, I wouldn't do that.

📖Dars #3 Second Conditional (Ikkinchi toifadagi shart ergash gaplar)

✳️ Hozirgi yoki kelajak zamonda haqiqatga toʻg'ri kelmaydigan, hayoliy vaziyatlar va ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi. Shartning noreal ekanligini koʻrsatish uchun vaziyat hozirgi zamonga taalluqli boʻlsa ham, if qatnashgan gap oʻtgan zamonlarning birida ifodalanadi.
✳️ Odatiy qurilmasi:
▫️IF + Past Simple Tense, EGA + would/should+V1 (oddiy o'tgan kelasi zamon)
🔸If we had more money, we would buy a BMW.  ( Pulimiz ko'proq bo'lganida, BMW sotib olgan bo'lardik )
🔸If it weren't raining, we would go on a picnic.

💡Umumiy qoidaga ko'ra, mazkur toifadagi ergash shart gaplarda o'tgan davomiy zamon (Past continuous) yoki (could) modal fe'li ham qo'llanishi mumkin, asosiy gapda esa o'tgan zamon ma'nosidagi (could/might)  modal fe'llari bo'lishi mumkin.
🔸If we had more money, we could go out more often. (Pulimiz ko'proq bolganida, aylanishga tez-tez chiqqan bo'lardik)
🔸 If you asked Tony, he might do it for you.
🔸 If I were you, I wouldn't go there. (Sizning o'rningizda bo'lganimda, u yerga bormagan bo'lardim)

✳️ Yuqoridagi gaplarda if qatnashgan gap tarkibida hozirgi zamon payt ravishlari (now/at the moment/every day) boʻlsa ham, noreal vaziyat boʻlgani uchun oʻtgan zamon qoʻllaniladi.
🔸If he were here now, he would show us the city.

💡Bundan tashqari,  mazkur if qatnashgan gap turida  I/he/she/it shaxslari va birlikdagi ega bilan to be fe'lining  were shakli qoʻllanilgani ma'qul. English Grammar In Use kitobida bunday vaziyatlarda was fe'li ham qoʻllana olishi mumkinligini inkor etmagan holda, DTM tomonidan tuziladigan testlarda  were fe'li qoʻllanishini ta'kidlab oʻtamiz.
🔸If I were you, I wouldn't do that.

📖Dars #54 Third Conditional (Uchinchi toifadagi shart ergash gaplar)

✳️ Mazkur shart ergash gaplar oʻtgan zamondagi haqiqatga toʻg'ri kelmaydigan, hayoliy vaziyatlar va ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi. Shartning noreal ekanligini koʻrsatish uchun vaziyat yoki ish-harakat oʻtgan zamonga taalluqli boʻlsa ham, if qatnashgan gap uzoq oʻtgan zamonda (Past Perfect  Simple yoki Past Perfect Continuous tense) beriladi.
✳️ Odatiy qurilmasi:
▫️IF + Past Perfect simple tense, EGA + would/should+have +V3(ed)
🔸 If I had known there was no more work to do, I would have stayed in bed. (Agar men u yerda qiladigan ish qolmaganligini bilganimda edi, men yotoqda yotgan boʻlardim)
🔸If they hadn't called the police in time, the thieves would have escaped. (Agar ular politsiyani o'z vaqtida chaqirishmaganida, o'g'rilar qochib ketishgan bo'lishardi)

💡Umumiy qoidaga ko'ra, mazkur toifadagi ergash shart gaplarda uzoq o'tgan davomiy zamon (Past perfect continuous) yoki (could have+V3(ed) modal fe'li ham qo'llanishi mumkin, asosiy gapda esa o'tgan zamon ma'nosidagi (could/might have +V3(ed)  modal fe'llari bo'lishi mumkin.
🔸If he had been travelling in that car, he could have been killed too.
🔸If the ambulance had come sooner, they might have saved him.

⚠️ Yuqoridagi gaplarda if qatnashgan gap tarkibida oʻtgan zamon payt ravishlari boʻlsa ham (yesterday, that day, then) noreal vaziyat boʻlgani uchun uzoq oʻtgan zamon qoʻllaniladi.
🔸If he had come to the party yesterday, I would have been glad.

⚠️ Second va Third Conditional qurilmasidagi gaplar hozirgi (kelasi) va oʻtgan zamondagi vaziyatni tasvirlasa ham, ular noreal vaziyatlarga nisbatan qoʻllanilgani sababli har doim fe'llarni bir zamon orqaga surish lozim, ya'ni hozirgi zamon uchun oʻtgan zamon, oʻtgan zamon uchun uzoq oʻtgan zamon qoʻllash lozim.
🔸If he were here now, he would show us the city. (U bu yerda emas va shaharni koʻrsata olmaydi)
🔸If he had come to the party yesterday, I would have been glad. (U ziyofatga kelmadi..)

⚠️Yana bir e'tibor qilinadigan jihat - bu mazkur gaplarning mazmuni bilan bog'liq, ya'ni noreal gaplarda vaziyat askincha sodir bo'lgan bo'ladi.
🔸If he had come to the party yesterday, I would have been glad. (U ziyofatga kelmadi...)

https://t.me/EnglishGrammarRule