*Venturimeter – Short*

Device to measure flow rate of fluid in a pipe.

*Parts:*
1. Converging Cone
2. Throat (small dia)
3. Diverging Cone

*Principle:* Bernoulli's – Pressure drops at throat, velocity increases.

*Formula:* $Q = A \cdot V$

Used in water line, chiller line, pump testing.

#Venturimeter #FlowMeasurement #MEP

1 bar = ......kPa?

QC Procedure for piping field fabrication and erection-1.pdf

PRESSURE VESSELS - THE CORE OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY & RELIABILITY

1 What Pressure Vessels Are Used For

Pressure vessels play key roles such as:

Separators and knockout drums

* Reactors and catalyst beds

* Fractionators and distillation towers

*Heat exchangers and condensers

High-pressure storage (LPG, gas, chemicals)

Matching Valve Dynamics to Application

Requirements

Selecting the optimal valve type is crucial for system integrity, flow control precision, and long-term operational performance. Here is a breakdown of 8 primary valve configurations and their primary industrial applications:

1 Ball Valve: Low operating torque and tight seal; optimal for rapid quarter-turn isolation.

2 Butterfly Valve: Space-saving design with lower face-to-face dimensions, ideal for high-flow, large-diameter piping.

3 Gate Valve: Full-bore design delivering minimum fluid friction and negligible pressure drop in full-open conditions.

4 Globe Valve: Linear motion design offering accurate throttling and stable flow regulation.

5 Check Valve: Self-actuating uni-directional valve to prevent dynamic backflow and hydraulic shock.

6 Solenoid Valve: Electromechanical control for high-speed automated process switching and pilot actuation.

7 Diaphragm Valve: Isolated media pathway designed for cleanroom operations or highly aggressive