Will robots take over the world? (24 Feb 2011)
فیلم کامل لکچر بالا
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Retell_Lecture
Early Robot (The First Robots) #RL Apeuni124

📝🎧📝🎧 #SST 📝🎧📝🎧

‍ Astronomer #SST Apeuni22
ستاره شناس
Most people think of astronomers as people who spend their time in cold observatories peering through telescopes every night. In fact, a typical astronomer spends most of his or her time analyzing data and may only be at the telescope a few weeks of the year. Some astronomers work on purely theoretical problems and never use a telescope at all. You might not know how rarely images are viewed directly through telescopes. The most common way to observe the skies is to photograph them. The process is very simple. First, a photographic plate is coated with a light-sensitive material. The plate is positioned so that the image received by the telescope is recorded on it. Then the image can be developed, enlarged, and published so that many people can study it. Because most astronomical objects are very remote, the light we receive from them is rather feeble. But by using a telescope as a camera, long time exposures can be made. In this way, objects can be photographed that are a hundred times too faint to be seen by just looking through a telescope.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Summarize_spoken_text

نمره 10/10 از اپیونی:
My answer:
The lecture was about using a telescope as a camera by typical astronomers, which comprised analyzing the data and working on theoretical problems. The spokesperson determined viewing images directly through telescopes, and the essence of observing the skies emphasized the significance of recording on a photographic plate. Although both developing and publishing images could be inferred from a light-sensitive material, the impacts of remote objects and long-time exposures were acknowledged. 70w

‍ An addiction to fossil fuels #SST Apeuni94
اعتیاد به سوخت های فسیلی
Energy adviser says new energy sources needed, since solar and wind have limits

Clean, renewable wind and solar power may be the most-preferred fossil fuel alternatives, but their land-hungry collecting requirements make them difficult options for replacing more conventional power sources, according to a British energy expert.

Transcript:
This is a talk about visualizing life without fossil fuels. We have an addiction to fossil fuels and it's not sustainable. When I say we I'm talking about the so-called developed world the developed world gets 80 or 90 percent of all its energy from fossil fuels and living on fossil fuel for energy in this way is not sustainable for three fairly obvious reasons.:
1️⃣ First on the left easily accessible fossil fuels are a finite resource. And so at some point that resource will be exploited and humanity will have to do something else.
2️⃣ Second setting to fossil fuels puts carbon dioxide upstairs. So we have the climate motivation. The clear consensus of the climate science community is with substantial Erebor still on exactly what might happen. Their advice is this is a geo engineering experiment that we're well advised to stop as soon as possible.
3️⃣ And third even if you don't believe in climate change and even if global fossil fuels aren't running out today it might be the case that your fossil fuels or our fossil fuels in a particular country or state have run out and you might have to depend on other countries or states for fossil fuels in the future.
↪️ So you have a security of supply motivation saying let's look into really getting off fossil fuels in a serious way.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Summarize_spoken_text

My answer:
The lecture was about an addiction to fossil fuels and the developed world, which comprised unsustainable living and easily accessible fossil fuels as finite resources. The spokesperson determined putting CO2 upstairs, and the essence of the climate motivation emphasized geo engineering experiments. Although both running out of fossil fuels and depending on other countries could be inferred from climate change, the impacts of a security of supply motivation were acknowledged. (70w)

#Sample_Answer :
Developed countries have an addiction to fossil fuels, but there are three motivations to stop using them because it’s unsustainable. Firstly, easily-accessible fossil fuels are a finite resource. Secondly, the combustion of fossil fuels generates carbon dioxide, which leads to climate change. Thirdly, if a country ran out of fossil fuels, they have to rely on other countries, which leads to a security of supply motivation.

👆 Sustainable Energy - Without the Hot Air with David MacKay
ویدیوی کامل لکچر بالا
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Summarize_spoken_text #SST Apeuni94 👆

👆 Imagining a world without fossil fuels | BBC Ideas
ویدئویی مرتبط با موضوع لکچر بالا برای اطلاعات بیشتر
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Summarize_spoken_text #SST Apeuni94 👆

🟥 هشتگ های دسترسی به مطالب کانال:
#grammar #reading #Speaking #writing #pronunciation #General_English #GE #IELTS #podcast #vocabulary #Linking_ideas #reduction #Reduced_Clauses #tenses #advanced_grammar #phrase #phrasal_verb #idiom #Transcript #collocation #Sample_Answer #slang #Cambridge #aussie #contemporary_topics_1 #contemporary_topics_2 #contemporary_topics_3 #focus_on_vocabulary_1 #Focus_on_Vocabulary #noun_phrase #spelling #accent #notetaking #Note_Taking #Fluency #parallel intonation ....

🟥 هشتگ های مرتبط با #PTE :
🔴 Speaking
〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Read_Aloud #ra
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Repeat_Sentence #rs
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Describe_Image #di
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Retell_Lecture #rl
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Answer_Short_Question #asq
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️

🔴 Writing
〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Summarize_Written_Text #swt
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Write_Essay #we #Essay
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️

🔴 Reading
〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Reorder_Paragraph #ro
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Reading & Writing Fill in the blanks #rfib #rwfib
یا سرچ بدون هشتگ RFIB RWFIB
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Reading Multiple-Choice, Choose single answer #rmcsa
Reading Multiple-Choice, Choose multiple answer #rmcma
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️

🔴 Listening
〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Summarize_Spoken_Text #sst
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Listening: Multiple-Choice, Choose multiple answer #Listening_Multiple_Choice_Multiple_answer #lmma

#Listening_Multiple_Choice_Single_answer #lmcsa
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Listening fill in the blanks #lfib
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Highlight correct summary #hcs
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Select missing word #smw
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Highlight_incorrect_words #hiw
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Write_from_dictation #wfd

🟥 اولین پست (مطلب) کانال (مطالب عمومی، گرامر، آیتلس):
https://t.me/EngStud/1
🟥 اولین پست PTE:
https://t.me/EngStud/733

🟥 توضیح درباره پاسخ سوالات: اگر My answer بود پاسخ خود بنده است و اگر #Sample_answer بود از کانالها یا سایتهای معتبر برداشته شده است.

🟥 اسامی برخی مدرسین در کلیپها:
🗣 Lisa Mojsin
🗣 Jill Diamond
🗣 Paul Gruber
🗣 Paria Akhavass
🗣 Rebecca
🗣 Lucy
🗣 Kim

🟥 متریال اورجینال ریدینگ / معرفی کتابهای رفرنس برای ریدینگ برای مطالعه آزاد

📝📖📝 #SWT 📝📖📝👇

UNV #SWT Apeuni177
داوطلبان سازمان ملل
If you are inspired to take concrete action for global peace and development, take a look at the United Nations Volunteers (UNV) program. Every year, up to 8,000 qualified and experienced women and men of some 160 different nationalities volunteer at least six months of their lives to help others. These UN Volunteers work in some 130 countries promoting peace, responding to disasters, empowering communities and helping to build sustainable livelihoods and lasting development. UN Volunteers come from dozens of professional backgrounds but all of them are catalysts of positive change. They are encouraged to be creative and entrepreneurial, and foster volunteerism for peace and development both within and beyond their assignments. They work at the heart of communities in partnership with governments, United Nations entities and civil society. Being a UN Volunteer is not a career (you are currently limited to four years of service), but it is rich with opportunities and experience and offers huge personal rewards. As a UN Volunteer you receive a Volunteer Living Allowance (VLA) which covers basic needs, housing and utilities. Additionally, UNV will provide a settling-in-grant, life, health, and permanent disability insurance, return airfares and a nominal resettlement allowance.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #writing #Summarize_Written_Text

My answer:
نمره 7/7 از اپیونی:
Whereas the essence of a UN volunteer for global peace and development emphasizes the United Nations Volunteers program, the impacts of being catalysts of positive changes such as being creative and entrepreneurial are acknowledged, and professional backgrounds could be inferred from working at the heart of communities in partnership with governments, from which the implications of offering huge personal rewards as well as receiving a Volunteer Living Allowance are presumed. 70w

📝🎧📝🎧 #SST 📝🎧📝🎧 👇

‍ Market Economy #SST
اقتصاد بازار
welcome to the investors Trading Academy talking glossary of financial terms and events our word of the day is market economy. Market economies work on the assumption that market forces such as supply and demand are the best determinants of what's right for a nation's well-being. These economies rarely engage in government interventions such as price fixing license quotas and Industry subsidized ations (subsidizations) while most developed nations today could be classified as having mixed economies they're often said to have market economies because they allow market forces to drive most of their activities typically engaging in government intervention only to the extent that is needed to provide stability. Although the market economy is clearly the system of choice in today's global marketplace there is significant debate regarding the amounts of government intervention considered optimal for efficient economic operations an economy in which the greater part of production distribution and exchange is controlled by individuals and privately owned corporations rather than by the government and in which government interference in the market is minimal. Although a total market economy is probably only theoretically possible because it would exclude taxation and regulation of any kind capitalist economies approximated and socialist economies are antithetical to it market economies are also called free economies, free markets or free enterprise systems.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Summarize_spoken_text

My answer:
The lecture was about market economies, which comprised market forces and the best determinants of a nation's well-being. The spokesperson determined rarely engaging in government interventions, and the essence of developed nations emphasized efficient economic operations. Although both being classified as having mixed economies and controlled the production distribution by individuals could be inferred from providing stability, the impacts of free enterprise systems, socialist economies and capitalist economies were acknowledged. (70w)

‍ Hans Krebs (discouragement) #RL Apeuni296
هانس آدولف کربس (دلسردی)
This is Hans Krebs, who in 1937 published a paper showing the sequence of chemical reactions, by which energy is released in individual cells. It is called the Krebs cycle, which some of you may remember from your chemistry course in your high school. Krebs is a wonderful example to me of how a scientist who is determined can overcome all kinds of human obstacles. Krebs’s father constantly discouraged him and told him that he had just mediocre intelligence whenever to anything important in his life, as a teenager. What Krebs remembers in his memoir, his father said to him "you can't make a silk purse at a sow's ear". And later on, when Krebs studied with the great biochemist Otto Warburg, Warburg also told him the same thing. Not the same quote but that he had only mediocre ability and would never be a great scientist. And we all hear about how important it is for parents to encourage their children, but sometimes the children will go on to do great things no matter what we say to them.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Retell_Lecture #Summarize_spoken_text

#SST Apeuni92 :
نمره 10/10 از اپیونی برای هر دو پاسخ:
My answer:
The lecture was about Hans Krebs, which comprised the sequence of chemical reactions and the Krebs cycle. The spokesperson determined releasing energy in individual cells, and the essence of overcoming all kinds of human obstacles emphasized discouraging sentences from his father and Otto Warburg. Although the mediocre intelligence could be inferred from the importance of being encouraged by parents, the impacts of going on great things by children were acknowledged. (70w)

#Sample_answer
The lecture was about Hans Krebs, which comprised a published paper, the sequence of chemical reactions, and releasing energy. The spokesperson described the Krebs’ cycle, and the essence of overcoming obstacles emphasized the significance of being discouraged by his father. Ultimately, although both having mediocre intelligence and hearing the same thing from Warburg could be inferred from being a great scientist, the impacts of the value of encouragement were acknowledged. (70w)

🟢 #vocabulary
🔺mediocre intelligence هوش متوسط، پایین تر یا بدتر از حد معمول
🔺 memoir شرح حال .خاطره

🔺 you can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear
used to mean that you cannot make something good out of something that is naturally bad.
به این معنی است که شما نمی توانید از چیزی که به طور طبیعی بد است چیزی خوب درست کنید. (فکر کنم منظورش اینه که میگه تو با هوش متوسط و پایینت به هیچ جا نمیرسی و موفق نخواهی شد).

📝📝📝📝#Essay 📝📝📝📝

Increasing petrol price is considered as a solution to the issue of air pollution. How far do you agree or disagree with this statement and what other measures can be taken to tackle this problem?
🆔 @EngStud #WE #Essay #writing

My Answer:
❇️T1: the relationship between a solution to the issue of air pollution and increasing the prices of fuels
🏵 tackling big cities' problems
🏵air pollutants management

❇️T2: the soluble issues of air pollution
🏵 fuel improvements
🏵 air pollution strategies
🏵 the increased prices of fuels
🏵both taking effective measures and reducing pollution

❇️T3: increasing the prices of fuels
🏵 tackling pollution problems
🏵 using public transportation as an alternative solution
🏵 preventing air pollution

❇️T4: the correlation between a solution to the problem of air pollution and increasing the prices of petrol
🏵 the issues of air-polluting particles
🏵 practical measures for polluted cities

دو تاتپیک مرتبط که قبلا در کانال گذاشته شده بود: 1 و 2

📖📖📖📖 #RO 📖📖📖📖👇

the agricultural surplus #RO

D. With the pressure on resources of development becoming increasingly severe, the issue of tapping the agricultural surplus cannot be put off.
با افزایش شدید فشار بر منابع توسعه ، نمی توان بحث استفاده از (تولید محصولات بیش از حد نیاز /مازاد) کشاورزی را کنار گذاشت. [اینجا بحث را برای اولین بار مطرح میکنه]
A. The existence of a substantial surplus in this sector is not in doubt.
[اگرچه] وجود (محصولات) مازاد بسیار زیاد، در این بخش (بخش کشاورزی[اشاره به جمله قبل]) تردیدی نیست. [این جمله نیاز به تکمیل دارد و سپس یک معنی متضاد باید مطرح کنه]
B. But the methods of utilizing these resources more efficiently have not been debated sufficiently
[در ادامه جمله قبلی که مازاد زیاد هست] اما روشهای استفاده بهینه از این منابع (محصولات مازاد) به اندازه کافی بحث نشده است.
C. There has been a tendency to concentrate on the possibilities of using an agricultural income tax to tap these resources.
[جمع بندی و راه حل برای استفاده بهینه]: تمایل به تمرکز بر روی امکان های استفاده از مالیات بر درآمد کشاورزی برای بهره برداری از این منابع (محصولات مازاد) وجود داشته است.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #PTE #Reorder_Paragraph

#vocabulary :
➡️ agricultural surplus
An agricultural production that exceeds the needs of the society for which it is being produced, and may be exported or stored for future times.
یک محصول کشاورزی که بیش از نیاز جامعه ای است که برای آن تولید می شود و ممکن است برای زمان های آینده صادر یا ذخیره شود.

Neil Simon #RO

D. Neil Simon, who is, without a doubt, America’s Leading comedy writer, started his career when only sixteen years old, writing with his brother Daniel, scripts for radio.
نیل سایمون ، که بدون شک نویسنده برجسته کمدی آمریکا است ، کار خود را هنگامی آغاز کرد که فقط شانزده ساله بود ، و با برادرش دانیل می نوشت ، و برای رادیو نمایشنامه می نوشت. [سریالهای رادیویی]
C. With the advent of television, he progressed to shows like The Ed Sulli van programme and, in particular, two and a half years with the highly successful Bilko series which is still showing throughout the world.
با ظهور تلویزیون ، [نوشته ها و نمایشنامه های] او به نمایش هایی مانند برنامه ون Ed Sulli و به ویژه دو سال و نیم با سریال بسیار موفق بیلکو که هنوز در سراسر جهان در حال نمایش است ، پیشرفت کرد. [سریالهای کمدی تلویزیونی]
B. His first play for Broadway was ‘Come Blow Your Horn’, which had a limited success and encouraged him to write his first real smash Broadway hit, ‘Barefoot in the Park’.
اولین نمایشنامه او برای برادوی "بیا با شاخ خود بوز" بود که با موفقیت محدودی روبرو شد و او را ترغیب کرد تا داغترین نمایشنامه خود در برادوی ، "پابرهنه در پارک" را بنویسد. [او را به "داغترین نمایشنامه نویس جدید در برادوی" تبدیل کرد]
A. In fact, during the 1966-67 season in New York, theater-goers could have seen ‘Barefoot in the park’;’ The odd Couple’;’ Sweet Charity’ and ‘The Star-Spangled Girl’, which were all running simultaneously.
در واقع ، در طول فصل 1966-67 در نیویورک ، تماشاگران تئاتر می توانستند "پابرهنه در پارک" ؛ "زوج عجیب" ، "خیریه شیرین" و "دختر ستاره دار" را ببینند که همه همزمان در حال اجرا بود. [احتمالا تئاتر تلویزیونی یا در سالنهای تئاتر]
🆔 @EngStud #reading #PTE #Reorder_Paragraph

✅ توضیح و تحلیل: در دو قسمت (جمله) اول، به معرفی کلی زندگی او می پردازد (که ابتدا برای رادیو و سپس برای تلویزیون نمایشنامه و فیلمنامه مینوشت)، سپس در ادامه در دو قسمت بعدی به معرفی اسم نوشته ها و نمایشنامه ها و فیلمنامه ها او میپرازد.

✳️ ماروین نیل سایمون ، نمایشنامه نویس ، فیلمنامه نویس و نویسنده آمریکایی بود. او بیش از 30 نمایشنامه و تقریباً به همین تعداد فیلمنامه فیلم نوشت که بیشتر اقتباس از نمایشنامه هایش بود. وی پس از فارغ التحصیلی از دبیرستان و گذراندن چند سال در نیروی ذخیره نیروی هوایی ارتش ، شروع به نوشتن فیلمنامه های کمدی برای برنامه های رادیویی و نمایش های مشهور تلویزیونی اولیه کرد. او برای صحنه و صفحه نمایش نوشت. او چهار تولید موفق داشت که همزمان در برادوی اجرا می شد.

📝🎧📝🎧 #SST 📝🎧📝🎧 👇

‍ 12th August 1865: Joseph Lister carries out world's first antiseptic surgery
#SST
جوزف لیستر، اولین جراحی همراه با مواد ضدعفونی‌کننده در جهان را انجام داد (نسخه دوم)
HistoryPod
Published on Aug 11, 2015
On the 12th August 1865 Joseph Lister carried out the world’s first antiseptic surgery using the chemical phenol, otherwise known as carbolic acid. Lister is remembered among the greats of medical science for being the first person to identify the link between clean hospital conditions and infection rates.

To understand the importance of Lister’s achievement, it’s important to remember that in the 19th Century up to 50% of all hospital patients died of infection. This often occurred after surgery, during which time patients developed ‘ward fever’ – a non-specific range of secondary infections caused through poor hospital hygiene where surgeons weren’t required to wash their hands or even their stained operating gowns.

Having read the work of the Frenchman Louis Pasteur regarding the spread and growth of bacteria, Lister became interested in finding a way to remove infection-causing micro-organisms from hospitals. Germ theory of disease was only just becoming more widely accepted, but after discovering that carbolic acid, now referred to as phenol, had successfully been used to reduce the smell of raw sewage Lister began experiments using it as what became termed an ‘antiseptic’.

On the 12th August Lister used a piece of lint covered in carbolic acid to cover the compound fracture wound of a seven-year-old boy, and found that over a period of six weeks the wound healed without developing gangrene. Developments in surgical hygiene followed. As well as surgeons wearing gloves, they began to wash their hands in carbolic acid, as well as washing their instruments in Lister’s 5% solution and spraying it liberally around the operating theatre.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Summarize_spoken_text

My answer:
The lecture was about Joseph Lister, which comprised the first antiseptic surgery with carbolic acid and medical science. The spokesperson determined links between clean hospital conditions and infection rates, and the essence of dying patients of infection emphasized removing infection-causing micro-organisms from hospitals. Although both ‘ward fever’ and secondary infections could be inferred from Louis Pasteur, the impacts of the growth of bacteria, and Germ theory of disease were acknowledged. (70w)

‍ Student loans #RL Apeuni65
وام های دانشجویی
I'm 43 years old and I owe tens of thousands of dollars in student loans. Oh sure, I knew the loans were piling up as I went through school. But with one loan coming from here, another from there, I had no idea of the rockslide that was building. Fifteen years later, I still experience moments of sheer horror regarding my family's financial situation. My monthly student loan payment is more than triple my car payment. OK, so without my college degree, I would not have been able to get my current job. For that I'm grateful; but at what cost? My loans have been accruing at a rate of 10 percent, and now they have burgeoned to — well, I'm an English major, you do the math. I don't think they'll ever get paid off. We're in debt way past our eyeballs, and there's no hope in sight. I'm being kept in class — a financial class of graduates whose only hope for attending college meant borrowing money from the government. Because of our mounting credit card debt
and monthly payments that far exceed our family's income, my kids will also join the class of citizens who can't rely on their parents for college support. Do I wish I'd chosen another educational route? You bet. Perhaps trade school — I've thought that being a plumber might not be such a bad gig. But if your job aspirations require a four-year degree, take my advice and choose a college you can afford, both during and after graduation. Take a realistic look at your anticipated income, and factor in priorities that don't carry a price — like the spouse and children you might want to have some day. I was overconfident that my student-loan debt would pale in comparison to the lucrative writing career I'd enjoy after graduation. Now I'm paying for that decision — in more ways than I'd ever imagined.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Summarize_spoken_text

هر دو پاسخ نمره 10/10 از اپیونی:
#SST Apeuni68
#Sample_answer :
The lecture was about student loans, which comprised the family's financial situation and monthly loan payment. The spokesperson described finding jobs at a high cost, and the essence of being in massive debts emphasized the significance of borrowing money from the government. Ultimately, although both joining the class of citizens and relying on parent’s income could be inferred from choosing different educational routes, the impacts of affordable colleges were acknowledged. (70 words)

#Sample_Answer :
The lecture was about paying off student loans, which comprised monthly loan payment and the family's financial situation. The spokesperson described finding a job at a high cost, and the essence of being in massive debts emphasized the significance of using governmental support. Ultimately, although both joining the class of citizens and relying on parent’s income could be inferred from choosing different educational routes, impacts of affordable colleges were acknowledged. (70w)