RWFIB 185. Creative Writing

This exciting new M.A. in Creative Writing is designed for graduates who wish to examine and expand their work. Through workshops, seminars, and individual tutorials, students will discover new writing strategies and refine their writing. The course offers students the practical expertise needed for researching and structuring texts, and understanding traditions and genres, as well as the critical and creative proficiencies necessary to develop a career in creative writing or in a related field.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #PTE #rwfib #rfib #vocabulary
#تحلیل_ریدینگ
🖍 individual tutorials آموزشهای انفرادی. پشتیبانی تحصیلی انفرادی.

🖍 tutorial noun
1: a period of teaching and discussion with a tutor.
دوره مشاوره تحصیلی. یک دوره تدریس خصوصی.
e.g: the tutorial system.
سیستم پشتیبان آموزشی و تدریس خصوصی. سیستم مشاور تحصیلی.
2: a computer program that is designed to teach you how to use another program. برنامه خودآموز کامپیوتری

🖍 tutorial adj. آموزش
e.g: tutorial staff.



👩‍🏫 tutor
پشتیبان آموزشی. پشتیبان درسی. مشاور تحصیلی. مشاور برنامه ریزی تحصیلی. ناظر درس دانشجویان. معلم خصوصی. خودآموز.
👨‍🏫 personal tutor
پشتیبان درسی خصوصی. (معلم خصوصی).

🔺 refine verb [transitive]
1 to improve a method, plan, system etc by gradually making slight changes to it.
Car makers are constantly refining their designs.
بهبود بخشیدن. اصلاح کردن.

the critical and creative proficiencies which are necessary to develop a career ➡️
the critical and creative proficiencies necessary to develop a career

🔺 necessary adj
1 something that is necessary is what you need to have or need to do → essential.
it is necessary (for somebody) to do something.
The doctor says it may be necessary for me to have an operation.
make it necessary (for somebody) to do something.
necessary for (doing) something.

RWFIB 190. Prepare for the exams (Exams Looming)
🆔 @EngStud #reading #PTE #vocabulary

🟢 It can help you to plan your work and to think more clearly and logically about it. In other word, it can help you to stay on top of things.
کنترل کامل چیزها را (در دست) نگهدارید. مسلط به همه امور باشید.
🔺On top of something
in control of a situation and aware of changes. in complete control of a situation.
e.g: I should be more on top of my work next week.


🟢 Don’t give up hope, even if you start to feel ―snowballed when you think of the all the work you have to do.
🔺snowballed past simple and past participle of snowball.
snowball verb :
if a plan, problem, business etc snowballs, it grows bigger at a faster and faster rate.
بزرگتر شدن (تعداد) و مهمتر شدن کارها، مشکلات و...
e.g: Interest in the sport is snowballing.

RWFIB 195. E-Learning

📌 Remember when universities were bursting at the seams with students sitting in the aisles, balancing books on their knees?
be bursting/bulging at the seams
if a room or building is bursting at the seams, it is so full of people that hardly anyone else can fit into it.
یک جایی پر از حجم زیادی از آدم و... باشد. جای خیلی شلوغ. پر از آدم،
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE

📌 temptation: noun [countable, uncountable] وسوسه
a strong desire to have or do something even though you know you should not.
وسوسه. دلیل. وسوسه انگیزی.
بخاطر خط بعدی انتخاب میکنیم
'Everything will be online so I don't need to go to class',"

RWFIB “Chhooti”, Stories by Rabindranath Tagore.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE

🟩 It is impossible to shower affection on him as on a little boy, and he is always getting in the way.
➡️ shower affection on sb.
محبت کردن بیش از حد به کسی.
shower: [TRANSITIVE] to give a large number of things or a large amount of something to someone
shower something on/upon someone: Susan showered kisses on the baby.
shower someone with something: He showered her with flowers and jewellery.


🟩 He grows out of his clothes with indecent haste, his voice grows hoarse and breaks, and quavers, his face grows suddenly angular and unsightly.
➡️ grow out of something #phrasal_verb
if a child grows out of clothes, he or she becomes too big to wear them. SYN=outgrow رشد کردن


🟩 The lad himself becomes painfully self-conscious. When he talks with elderly people he is either unduly forward, or else so unduly shy that he appears ashamed of his very existence.
➡️ self-conscious نگران و خجالت‌زده از دیدن اینکه نظر دیگران درباره شما چیست
worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you.
➡️ lad ، پسرک، نوجوان، پسربچه
old-fashioned or informal a boy or young man → lass.


🟩 Yet it is at this very age when in his heart of hearts, a young lad craves most for recognition and love; and he becomes the devoted slave of anyone who shows him consideration.
➡️ in your heart (of hearts)
عمیقا و قلبا چیزی را اعتقاد داشتن و احساس کردن
if you know, feel, or believe something in your heart, you are secretly sure about it although you may not admit it.
➡️ recognition noun
به رسمیت شناختن، مورد قبول قرار گرفتن، مورد تقدیر واقع شدن، به رسمیت شناخته شدن.
1 [singular, uncountable] the act of realizing and accepting that something is true or important.
2 [singular, uncountable] public respect and thanks for someone’s work or achievements.
🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺

🟨 RWFIB. Weather Predictions
All kinds of predictions may be about to get even more difficult thanks to climate change.
➡️ be about to do something در شرف انجام کاری. بزودی اتفاق میفته
if someone is about to do something, or if something is about to happen, they will do it or it will happen very soon.

🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE

🟨 RWFIB. The future of cities of Indian (urban services)
Respiratory illness in children living in urban areas is on the rise with more cases of asthma being reported because of pollution.
➡️ on the rise در حال افزایش است
increasing:
e.g: Police say that youth crime is on the rise again.

‍ Intercorporeality
#transcript
Theories of social cognition have historically centered on the minds of each individual in a social interaction, making sense of social sense-making through analogy or neural simulation of the other. But new theories of social cognition center the interaction itself, focusing on the new dynamic system that emerges in that interaction and is not reducible down to just the motivations or brains of the individuals. There ends up being something special about being in shared spaces, the absence of which many have been experiencing as rich deprivation during the current global pandemic. It's why students reject online learning, and why people rarely accept a broadcast concert as equivalent to the real thing: there's something special about being there, and it involves human bodies and felt experiences of presence. But what is that ineffable feeling that something is different about being in a physical space with other people? Every science breaks down the world into smaller and smaller pieces, and helps us understand the building blocks of different kind of interactions. But philosophers and cognitive scientists have long argued that embodiment matters in under-explored ways. My research explores how our bodies are not mere containers for our minds, but are rich sources of information, often pre- or sub-conceptual, and therefore not capable of being represented in language or through certain kinds of mediated technologies. Social interactions thus cannot be reduced back down just to what is "in the head" (or even on the face) of each individual participant. This idea of "intercorporeality" comes from phenomenology, and it offers us a hint of why even our synchronous video meetings are not capable of invoking the real presence of others in the same way as being bodily in the same space: the rich social cues of the lived body are stifled or absent in most of those telepresence technologies.
🆔 @EngStud #sst #rl #PTE #Note_Taking
#vocabulary
⚜️ telepresence
دورحضوری یا حضور از دور ؛ به فناوری‌ای گفته می‌شود که به فرد اجازه می‌دهد حضورش را از راه دور در مکانی دیگر احساس کند گاهی این حضور می‌تواند به صورت تله‌رباتیک یا کنفرانس ویدئویی باشد.

⚜️ ineffable feeling احساس غیرقابل توصیف
ineffable adjective
too great to be described in words. SYN=indescribable

⚜️ synchronous video meetings جلسات ویدیویی همزمان
synchronous adjective
if two or more things are synchronous, they happen at the same time or work at the same speed

⚜️ stifled verb سرکوب کردن،فرو نشاندن.خاموش کردن. خفه کردن
1 [transitive] to stop something from happening or developing OPP=encourage
2 [transitive] to stop a feeling from being expressed

‍ All Kids are born geniuses,but are crushed by society itself - Michio Kaku
🆔 @EngStud #sst #rl #PTE #podcast #listening
it's really hard to sell kids on math and science it's really easy to sell kids on cigarettes would help if we made science illegal there's another way to make science interesting for people first of all we are born scientists when we're born we wonder what's out there we begin to wonder about the Sun life the stars what makes the oceans the weather, we're born scientists and then something happens when we hit the danger years the danger years of junior high school in high school that's when it's literally crushed out of us those are the worst every little flower of curiosities that Einstein is crushed by society itself because we have to learn all these facts figures memorization we think that memorization is science and that's not true at all my daughter had to take the Regents exam once and she had to memorize all these facts and figures about minerals crystals for a geology exam no word that I see the true driving force of geology which is continental drift that's the organizing principle for all geology and yet the exam is memorizing all the names the crystals and the minerals and then later she comes up to me and says daddy why would anyone want to become a scientist that was the most humiliating event in my entire life I felt like taking that book and ripping it apart because that exam was crushing crushing curiosity right out of the next generation and then we wonder hey how come people are not more interested in science duh. (how come people are not going to sit in science?)

RWFIB. Legends of Spring Heeled Jack, the Uncatchable Demon of Victorian England.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE

❇️ Before Jack the Ripper began to kill, Victorian England was terrorized by another uncatchable demon:...
➡️ terrorize verb.
to deliberately frighten people by threatening to harm them, especially so they will do what you want.
با تهدید و ارعاب کاری انجام دادن، (سخت) ترساندن، ترساندن عمدی مردم با تهدید به آسیب رساندن (کشتن) به آنها که آنچیزی که میخواهند عملی خواهد کرد.
➡️ terrify verb ترساندن روحی با مدت اثر کوتاه.
to make someone extremely afraid.


❇️ Whenever townsfolk tried to catch him, he would easily get away, running swiftly down crowded alleys,...
➡️ swiftly [adv] با سرعت زیاد حرکت کردن
swift [adj] [only before noun] moving, or able to move, very fast.
e.g: a swift runner.
➡️ briskly adv.
brisk adj.
quick and full of energy.
بچابکی، به تندی، با شتاب. با نشاط و طراوت و سرزنده و سریع.
e.g: a brisk walk.


❇️ ..., and disappearing into the night as though he were a ghost.
➡️ disappear verb [intransitive]
to become impossible to see any longer.ناپدید شدن با سرعت کم
disappear behind/under/into etc.
➡️ vanish verb [intransitive]
to disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explained. . محو شدن. ناگهان ناپدید شدن. غیب شدن آنی
e.g: The bird vanished from sight.
e.g: She seemed to have just vanished into thin air (=suddenly disappeared in a very mysterious way). دود شده رفته هوا

🟩 Edmund Wilson #rl #sst #vocabulary
Wilson came from a different world. And he became the focal point of a board mainstream. American culture that thought that modern literature and wanted modern literature to be able to be read and appreciated by ordinary people.

🔶 mainstream noun روندکلی، خط فکری غالب، گرایش اصلی
the mainstream
the most usual ideas or methods, or the people who have these ideas or methods

🔶 focal point
1- نکته ی اصلی، مطلب مهم 2- نقطه ی کانونی .کانون اصلی. (مانند: کانون اصلی بحث یا کانون اصلی خطوط فکری).
➡️ focal /ˈfəʊkəl $ ˈfoʊ-/ adjective [only before noun]
the focal thing is the one that people pay most attention to → focus
e.g: This issue has now become the focal centre of interest.
کانون، نقطه تقاطع، قطب، مرکز.

➡️ focus 2 ●●○ S3 W2 AWL noun
1 [singular] the thing, person, situation etc that people pay special attention to → focal
e.g: The focus of recent research has been on environmental issues.
موضوع. کانون (مرکز) توجه. محور.

🆔 @EngStud #reading #PTE
🟩 RWFIB 198. Experience-Based Learning
Another way that we learn is by associative learning, which is the focus of this module.

گرامر مالکیت:
's , of
🆔 @EngStud #grammar #advanced_grammar Betty Azar

🟩 RWFIB 683 Military service changes personality, makes vets less agreeable
It’s no secret that battlefield trauma can leave veterans with deep emotional scars that impact their ability to function in civilian life.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE

➡️ it is no secret that #phrase
این کاملا آشکار است که، این را همه میدانند که، این یک حقیقت واضح است که.
SYN= it is a well-known fact that, it is common knowledge, we all know, it is known, everyone know.

➡️ leave sb. with sth.
RESULT OF ACCIDENT/ILLNESS/EVENT [transitive] if an event, accident, illness etc leaves you in a particular condition, you are in that condition because of it.
e.g: An explosion at a chemical plant has left one worker dead and four injured.
leave somebody with something
e.g: Although the infection cleared up, he was left with a persistent cough.
روبرو شدن کسی با چیزی (شرایط خاص یا آثار باقیماندۀ بدی).

RWFIB 207. Roommate
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE

🟨 If there’s something you’re dead set against (e.g., a roommate who smokes) you can mark that and you will not be paired with someone who fits that criteria.
➡️ be dead set against (someone or sth.)
Completely opposed to someone or sth.
به شدت مخالف کسی یا چیزی بودن.

🟨 In fact, I lived with different people every year of college and it all worked out.
➡️ work out #phrasal_verb
GET BETTER: if a problem or complicated situation works out, it gradually gets better or gets solved
e.g: Things will work out, you’ll see.
e.g: I hope it all works out for Gina and Andy.
work itself out
e.g: I’m sure everything will work itself out.
خوب پیش رفتن(اوضاع). کم کم درست شدن. جور شدن چیزی.

#تحلیل_ریدینگ
RWFIB 606. The End of Globalization
Protestors see globalization in a different light than the Treasury Secretary of the United States. The differences in views are so great that one wonders are the protesters and the policymakers talking about the same phenomenon/phenomena? Are they looking at the same data? Are the visions of those in power so clouded by special and particular interests?
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
in a new/different/bad etc light
if someone or something is seen or shown in a particular light, people can see that particular part of their character

see in a different light
To perceive, regard, or understand someone or something in a new, typically more positive way.

‍ #تحلیل_ریدینگ
RWFIB 649. Underground Houses
Underground houses have many advantages over conventional housing. Unlike conventional homes, they can be built on steep surfaces and can maximize space in small areas by going below the surface. In addition, the materials excavated in construction can be used in the building process. Underground houses have less surface area so fewer building materials are used, and maintenance costs are lower. They are also wind, fire, and earthquake resistant, providing a secure and safe environment in extreme weather. One of the greatest benefits of underground living is energy efficiency. The earth's subsurface temperature remains stable, so underground dwellings benefit from geothermal mass and heat exchange, staying cool in the summer and warm in the winter. This saves around 80% in energy costs. By incorporating solar design this energy bill can be reduced to zero, providing hot water and heat to the home
all year round.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE

➡️ reduce sb./sth. to sth.
reduce energy bill to zero.
کالوکیشن برای energy bill همیشه reduce یا cut هست. و reduce به‌معنی کم کردن و decrease بیشتر به‌معنی کم شدن.

RWFIB 439. World Cup
#تحلیل_ریدینگ
You may think that the World Cup, like the Olympic Games, only occurs once every four years. It is the final rounds that take place every four years, but the competition as a whole is an ongoing event, since the qualifying rounds take place over the preceding three years. The final phase of the tournament now involves thirty-two teams competing over a four-week period in a previously nominated host nation. It has become the most widely-viewed sporting event in the world.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
🔺 the final rounds
➡️ round noun [countable]
1 SERIES a round of events is a series of related events, which are part of a longer process.
round of
e.g: a third round of peace talks.
e.g: the Government’s latest round of expenditure cuts.

🔺 a four-week period
➡️ period noun [countable]
LENGTH OF TIME a particular length of time with a beginning and an end
e.g: Tomorrow’s weather will be dry with sunny periods.

‍ RFIB 450. Half-forgotten Ideas
#تحلیل_ریدینگ
Ideas as well as people can take center stage at the right time and the right place. If new ideas are to have a wide-ranging effect, they had better occur at the right time - usually when old theories are worn out or have reached a dead end. Then they make people think along new lines and in ways that may lead in unexpected directions. These ideas need not be new in themselves. They can be older, half-forgotten ideas brought back to life, or new combinations of familiar ones presented in a new light.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
➡️ take center stage #idiom
to be in a main or very important position
e.g: The issue is expected to take center stage in the elections.
➡️ be/take centre stage
if something or someone is centre stage, they have an important position and get a lot of attention. مورد توجه ویژه. مرکز توجه
e.g: After his father’s death, he was able to rise to power and take centre stage.

➡️ˌdead end noun [countable]
1 a street with no way out at one end
2 a situation where no more progress is possible
come to/reach a dead end به بن‌بست رسیدن
e.g: The negotiations have reached a dead end.

➡️ lead verb (past tense and past participle led /led/).
to show the way to a group of people, animals, vehicles, etc. by going in front of them.
به مسیرها(جهت‌های) غیرمنتظره هدایت (منتج) شوند.

#RFIB 173. Japan and China
#تحلیل_ریدینگ
At times, a broad stream of knowledge flowed/adopted from China to Japan. At other times, this transfer was halted from one side or the other, and Japan developed on its own. But whether in isolation or not, Japan was always itself. Everything that arrived from China was adapted to suit Japanese tastes and needs.
🆔 @EngStud
at times
sometimes

flow verb
[always+adv/prep] if goods,people,or information flow from one place to another,they move there in large numbers or amounts.SYN pour,flood

adopt v.
if you adopt a new method,process etc, you start to use it
فرا گرفتن،قبول کردن،درمیان خودپذیرفتن،مورداستفاده قراردادن.انتخاب به پذیرش چیزی کردن.اتخاذکردن،اقتباس کردن.درپیش گرفتن

was halted
was adapted
گذشته ساده مجهول

halt v.
[transitive]to prevent sb or sth from continuing STOP

on its own
separate; free-standing; ; isolated; apart; solo.
به تنهایی. به خودی خود

adapt v.
[transitive] to change something to make it suitable for a different purpose
adapt sth to do sth

‍ RWFIB 666. Children’s Musical Cultures and Play
#تحلیل_ریدینگ
The general perception is that children are surrounded by a variety of musical experiences. There are often fewer and fewer opportunities for children to actively engage in music making themselves. They are inundated with music emitting from a wide array of electronic devices, toys, and computers offering a limitless number of musical selections. However, much of the music in children’s lives is “unchosen,” in other words they are passive recipients in much of the music in their lives, and not actively engaged in its selection. They experience background music in computer games, cartoons, TV shows, films, on iPads, radios, and ringtones. They listen to music choices of their parents or siblings, and even the schools they attend often play music before the school day begins or in classrooms while students are working. Studies are being conducted on the effects of the ubiquitous pre-recorded music they encounter and whether or not it is intruding on their desire to make their own music or interact with each other on the playground.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
در خط قبل از جاخالی آخر، یکبار even آمده و پس از آن فعل استمراری آمده است.
➡️ while conjunction درحالیکه (همزمان)
during the time that something is happening.
e.g: They arrived while we were having dinner.

➡️ a wide array of👇
https://t.me/EngStud/1088

➡️ be inundated (with/by something)
to receive so much of something that you cannot easily deal with it all SYN swamp
After the broadcast, we were inundated with requests for more information.
مواجه شدن. آماج . . . . قرار گرفتن. با سیل عظیمی مواجه شدن، مورد هجوم قرار گرفتن، مورد آماج قرار گرفتن،
با سیلی/انبوهی از کمک، درخواست، تماس و غیره رو به رو و یا مواجه شدن
غرق شده اند در/با

➡️ intrude verb [intransitive]
to interrupt someone or become involved in their private affairs, in an annoying and unwanted way
Would I be intruding if I came with you?
intrude into/on/upon
Employers should not intrude into the private lives of their employees.
مداخله داشتن. دخالت کردن. مزاحم شدن، مخل شدن، بر هم زدن

‍ Listen to the Sounds of Knees Cracking

The sound of a cracking knee isn’t particularly pleasant. But it gets worse when you listen up close. Knee-cracking recording “It does for most people. But for me, it actually just makes me excited.” Omer Inan, an electrical engineer at Georgia Tech. “I actually feel like there’s some real information in them that can be exploited for the purposes of helping people with rehab.” Inan’s experience with cracking knees goes back to his days as an undergrad at Stanford, where he threw discus. “If I had a really hard workout, then the next day, of course, I’d be sore, but I’d also sometimes feel this catching or popping or creaking every now and then in my knee.” A few years later, he found himself building tiny microphones at a high-end audio company. So when he got to Georgia Tech and heard the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, wanted better tech for knee injuries, he thought: knee-cracking recording Why not strap tiny microphones to people’s knees, to eavesdrop as their legs bend? “What we think it is, is the cartilage and bone rubbing against each other, the surfaces inside the knee rubbing against each other, during those movements.” He and a team of physiologists and engineers built a prototype with stretchy athletic tape and a few tiny mics and skin sensors. And preliminary tests on athletes suggest the squishy sounds the device picks up are more erratic, and more irregular, in an injured knee than in a healthy one. Which Inan says might allow patients and doctors to track healing after surgery. Details appear in the IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. “The primary application we’re targeting at first is to give people a decision aid during rehabilitation, following an acute knee injury, to help them understand when they can perform particular activities, and when they can move to different intensities of particular activities.” A useful thing to take a crack at.
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #RL #listening #podcast
🔸 sore: adj پردرد،ناراحت. رنجیده،
a part of your body that is sore is painful, because of infection or because you have used a muscle too much.
🔸creaking صدای جیر جیر، غژغژ کردن
if something such as a door, wooden floor, old bed, or stair creaks, it makes a long high noise when someone opens it, walks on it, sits on it etc.
🔸 popping
to come suddenly or unexpectedly out of or away from something. بیرون آمدن.
to make a short sound like a small explosion, or to make something do this. با صدا ترکیدن،
🔸 strap با بند بستن. باتسمه اویختن
to fasten something or someone in place with one or more straps.
🔸 the squishy sounds . صدای ترق و تروق. صداهای لغزنده
🔸 erratic متغیر، نابهنجار،عجیب و غریب، نامنظم،
something that is erratic does not follow any pattern or plan but happens in a way that is not regular.

My answer: #SST
The lecture was about the sound of a cracking knee, which comprised helping people with rehab and building a prototype. The spokesperson determined building tiny microphones and skin sensors, and rubbing the cartilage and bones against each other emphasized a decision aid during rehabilitation. Although both erratic and irregular sounds could be inferred from injured knees, the impacts of healing after surgery and performing particular activities were acknowledged. 68w