RFIB 582. What can science tell us about human nature? (Human Nature)
از سوالات ریدینگ
Come along the Great Debate, hear the arguments and have your say.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
have your say نظر خود را بیان کنید
to have the opportunity to give your opinion about something.
از سوالات ریدینگ
Come along the Great Debate, hear the arguments and have your say.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
have your say نظر خود را بیان کنید
to have the opportunity to give your opinion about something.
You should raise your concern with the head of school.
#rs #repeat_sentences
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #PTE
raise your concern with sb.
مطرح کردن نگرانی خود با کسی
the fact of feeling worried about something, or something that makes you worry:
Please raise any concerns regarding this decision with your manager.
#rs #repeat_sentences
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #PTE
raise your concern with sb.
مطرح کردن نگرانی خود با کسی
the fact of feeling worried about something, or something that makes you worry:
Please raise any concerns regarding this decision with your manager.
Fast Radio Burst
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #sst #listening #Australian_accent
A fast radio burst is very much like what it sounds. It’s a very fast burst of radio waves. It comes from outer space, a long way away. And by fast, I mean really fast. So it starts and stops in about a thousandth of a second, so you click your fingers, and it’s finished. Fast radio bursts are a real mystery. We don’t exactly understand where they come from, or what actually makes them. And there’s a lot of open questions that we really don’t have an answer for. There are probably more theories about what makes fast radio bursts, than there are actual detections of these things. So since 2007 we’ve only had 20, but there are probably 30 or 40 different theories on what makes them. The most interesting thing about this burst is the fact that we found it with the Australian square kilometre ray path finder. So that is, it wasn’t really obvious that we would be able to do this, as well as we ended up being able to do it. So this telescope is really a fantastic telescope.
In fact it’s probably the best telescope on the planet at the moment for finding these bursts. So whereas in the past it’s taken ten years to find twenty bursts, once we’re really going with this new instrument, we’ll be able to find them much more quickly. One or two every week.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #sst #listening #Australian_accent
A fast radio burst is very much like what it sounds. It’s a very fast burst of radio waves. It comes from outer space, a long way away. And by fast, I mean really fast. So it starts and stops in about a thousandth of a second, so you click your fingers, and it’s finished. Fast radio bursts are a real mystery. We don’t exactly understand where they come from, or what actually makes them. And there’s a lot of open questions that we really don’t have an answer for. There are probably more theories about what makes fast radio bursts, than there are actual detections of these things. So since 2007 we’ve only had 20, but there are probably 30 or 40 different theories on what makes them. The most interesting thing about this burst is the fact that we found it with the Australian square kilometre ray path finder. So that is, it wasn’t really obvious that we would be able to do this, as well as we ended up being able to do it. So this telescope is really a fantastic telescope.
In fact it’s probably the best telescope on the planet at the moment for finding these bursts. So whereas in the past it’s taken ten years to find twenty bursts, once we’re really going with this new instrument, we’ll be able to find them much more quickly. One or two every week.
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RFIB 587. Hippocrates بقراط
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
🍁 Practice noun/ verb(American)
Longman Dictionary
4 DOCTOR/LAWYER [countable] the work of a doctor or lawyer, or the place where they work
medical/legal practice
e.g.: Mary Beth had a busy legal practice in Los Angeles.
پرداختن (به حرفه یا شغلی)، حرفه، (پزشکی و وکالت)، دفتر وکالت یا مطب، به طبابت یا وکالت پرداختن.
🍁 medical practitioner طبیب. پزشک
🍁 Rational medicine
Rational use of medicines requires that "patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community".
استفاده منطقی از داروها مستلزم این است که "بیماران داروهای متناسب با نیازهای بالینی خود را ، در دوزهایی که نیازهای خاص خود را دارند ، برای مدت زمان کافی و با کمترین هزینه برای آنها و جامعه خود دریافت کنند".
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
🍁 Practice noun/ verb(American)
Longman Dictionary
4 DOCTOR/LAWYER [countable] the work of a doctor or lawyer, or the place where they work
medical/legal practice
e.g.: Mary Beth had a busy legal practice in Los Angeles.
پرداختن (به حرفه یا شغلی)، حرفه، (پزشکی و وکالت)، دفتر وکالت یا مطب، به طبابت یا وکالت پرداختن.
🍁 medical practitioner طبیب. پزشک
🍁 Rational medicine
Rational use of medicines requires that "patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community".
استفاده منطقی از داروها مستلزم این است که "بیماران داروهای متناسب با نیازهای بالینی خود را ، در دوزهایی که نیازهای خاص خود را دارند ، برای مدت زمان کافی و با کمترین هزینه برای آنها و جامعه خود دریافت کنند".
Audio
RWFIB 598. Integrated Ticketing
سوال مشترک ریدینگ و لیسنینگ
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE #LFIB
Well in 2004 we integrated ticketing in South East Queensland, so we have (Answer: introduced) a paper ticket that allowed you to travel across all the three (Answer: modes) in South East Queensland, so bus, train and (Answer: ferry) and the second stage of integrated ticketing is the introduction of a Smart Card, and the Smart Card will enable people to (Answer: store) value so to put value on the card, and then to use the card for (Answer: traveling) around the system.
سوال مشترک ریدینگ و لیسنینگ
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE #LFIB
Well in 2004 we integrated ticketing in South East Queensland, so we have (Answer: introduced) a paper ticket that allowed you to travel across all the three (Answer: modes) in South East Queensland, so bus, train and (Answer: ferry) and the second stage of integrated ticketing is the introduction of a Smart Card, and the Smart Card will enable people to (Answer: store) value so to put value on the card, and then to use the card for (Answer: traveling) around the system.
Sociologist #SST Apeuni25
جامعه شناس
Thank you all for coming out this evening to meet sociologist Ellen Lambert. Ms. Lambert specializes in research on the workplace and recently has been writing about the future of work. This topic should be of special interest, since I know many of you are already at the forefront of workplace technology. For example, let's have a show of hands to see how many people here telecommute at least part of the time. Hmm. I see eight hands raised. Well, you eight folks who work at home and communicate with your office via computer represent one of the trends Ms. Lambert has described: that people are becoming less tied to the workplace. One of the important tools for telecommuting is electronic mail, or E-mail. E-mail lets you send and receive messages almost immediately on your computer, but you control when you read them and when you respond to them. This technology allows people to have more control over time than when relying solely on the telephone. Our guest tonight will discuss how these important changes will alter the way we work. But, before turning the floor over to Ms. Lambert, I would just like to remind you that she will be available to answer any individual questions at the reception immediately following this talk.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #sst #listening #transcript #Summarize_spoken_text
#Sample_answer :
The lecture was about researching on the workplace, which comprised the future of the work as well as workplace technology. The spokesperson described telecommunicating, and the fundamental essence of communicating via computers emphasized the significance of becoming less tied to the workplace. Ultimately, although sending and receiving messages and having more control over time could be inferred from E-mail, the corresponding impacts of altering the way of working were acknowledged. (70 words)
جامعه شناس
Thank you all for coming out this evening to meet sociologist Ellen Lambert. Ms. Lambert specializes in research on the workplace and recently has been writing about the future of work. This topic should be of special interest, since I know many of you are already at the forefront of workplace technology. For example, let's have a show of hands to see how many people here telecommute at least part of the time. Hmm. I see eight hands raised. Well, you eight folks who work at home and communicate with your office via computer represent one of the trends Ms. Lambert has described: that people are becoming less tied to the workplace. One of the important tools for telecommuting is electronic mail, or E-mail. E-mail lets you send and receive messages almost immediately on your computer, but you control when you read them and when you respond to them. This technology allows people to have more control over time than when relying solely on the telephone. Our guest tonight will discuss how these important changes will alter the way we work. But, before turning the floor over to Ms. Lambert, I would just like to remind you that she will be available to answer any individual questions at the reception immediately following this talk.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #sst #listening #transcript #Summarize_spoken_text
#Sample_answer :
The lecture was about researching on the workplace, which comprised the future of the work as well as workplace technology. The spokesperson described telecommunicating, and the fundamental essence of communicating via computers emphasized the significance of becoming less tied to the workplace. Ultimately, although sending and receiving messages and having more control over time could be inferred from E-mail, the corresponding impacts of altering the way of working were acknowledged. (70 words)
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Conversation & PTE & IELTS
Sociologist #SST Apeuni25 جامعه شناس Thank you all for coming out this evening to meet sociologist Ellen Lambert. Ms. Lambert specializes in research on the workplace and recently has been writing about the future of work. This topic should be of special…
#vocabulary #sst
✳️ telecommute
دور کاری
works at home using a computer connected to a company’s main office.
🆔 @EngStud
✳️ turning the floor over to sb.
(ادامه) صحبت (تریبون) را به کسی سپردن
turn over to #phrasal_verb
to stop speaking at a meeting and allow someone else to speak
turn sth over to sb — phrasal verb
to give something to someone in authority or someone who has a legal right to it, or to give someone legal responsibility for something:
✳️ telecommute
دور کاری
works at home using a computer connected to a company’s main office.
🆔 @EngStud
✳️ turning the floor over to sb.
(ادامه) صحبت (تریبون) را به کسی سپردن
turn over to #phrasal_verb
to stop speaking at a meeting and allow someone else to speak
turn sth over to sb — phrasal verb
to give something to someone in authority or someone who has a legal right to it, or to give someone legal responsibility for something:
Learning zone
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #RL #Transcript
We can create more spaces for growth by starting conversations with one another about when we want to be in each zone. What do we want to get better at and how? And when do we want to execute and minimize mistakes? That way, we gain clarity about what success is, when, and how to best support one another.
But what if we find ourselves in a chronic high-stakes setting and we feel we can't start those conversations yet? Then here are three things that we can still do as individuals. First, we can create low-stakes islands in an otherwise high-stakes sea. These are spaces where mistakes have little consequence. For example, we might find a mentor or a trusted colleague with whom we can exchange ideas or have vulnerable conversations or even role-play. Or we can ask for feedback-oriented meetings as projects progress. Or we can set aside time to read or watch videos or take online courses. Those are just some examples. Second, we can execute and perform as we're expected, but then reflect on what we could do better next time, like Beyoncé does, and we can observe and emulate experts. The observation, reflection and adjustment is a learning zone. And finally, we can lead and lower the stakes for others by sharing what we want to get better at, by asking questions about what we don't know, by soliciting feedback and by sharing our mistakes and what we've learned from them, so that others can feel safe to do the same.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #RL #Transcript
We can create more spaces for growth by starting conversations with one another about when we want to be in each zone. What do we want to get better at and how? And when do we want to execute and minimize mistakes? That way, we gain clarity about what success is, when, and how to best support one another.
But what if we find ourselves in a chronic high-stakes setting and we feel we can't start those conversations yet? Then here are three things that we can still do as individuals. First, we can create low-stakes islands in an otherwise high-stakes sea. These are spaces where mistakes have little consequence. For example, we might find a mentor or a trusted colleague with whom we can exchange ideas or have vulnerable conversations or even role-play. Or we can ask for feedback-oriented meetings as projects progress. Or we can set aside time to read or watch videos or take online courses. Those are just some examples. Second, we can execute and perform as we're expected, but then reflect on what we could do better next time, like Beyoncé does, and we can observe and emulate experts. The observation, reflection and adjustment is a learning zone. And finally, we can lead and lower the stakes for others by sharing what we want to get better at, by asking questions about what we don't know, by soliciting feedback and by sharing our mistakes and what we've learned from them, so that others can feel safe to do the same.
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Conversation & PTE & IELTS
Learning zone 🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #RL #Transcript We can create more spaces for growth by starting conversations with one another about when we want to be in each zone. What do we want to get better at and how? And when do we want to execute…
☘️ high-stakes پر مخاطره- ریسک بالا
a) if the stakes are high when you are trying to do something, you risk losing a lot or it will be dangerous if you fail.
b) if the stakes are high when you are doing something such as playing a card game, you risk losing a lot of money.
e.g: a chronic high-stakes setting
شرایط پرمخاطره دائمی (شدید)
☘️ vulnerable
a place, thing, or idea that is vulnerable is easy to attack or criticize
e.g: have vulnerable conversations
گفتگوهای انتقادپذیر (آسیب پذیر- آماده پذیرش-در خطر- حساس)
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary
☘️ role-play
نقش بازی کردن، ایفای نقش، نقش آفرینی. ادا کسی را درآوردن. تمرین و تقلید کردن.
به انجام عملی گفته میشود که در آن، فرد به صورت خودآگاه یا ناخودآگاه تلاش میکند تا با تغییر رفتار خود به جهت انجام عملی یا تنها برای به نمایش گذاشتن، آن را به انجام برساند. گاه فرد به قصد تقلید رفتار فرد دیگری اقدام به انجام عمل نقش بازی نماید.
Role play is the act of imitating the character and behaviour of a type of person who is very different from yourself. role play is usually used as a training exercise.
Pretending to be someone else, especially as part of learning a new skill:
e.g: Role play is used in training courses, language-learning and psychotherapy.
we might find a mentor or a trusted colleague with whom we have role-play.
☘️ Create low-stakes islands in an otherwise high-stakes sea (work environment)
این جزایر کم خطر، شامل تمرینات نقش آفرینی و مربیگری ویدئویی است که مربیان می توانند آنها را بررسی کنند ، بازخورد ارائه دهند و تمرینات بیشتری را بخواهند. سیستم عامل های مربیگری ویدئویی یک محیط عالی با ریسک کم برای تمرین و بهبود تکرارها بدون به خطر انداختن منطقه اجرای نهایی را فراهم می کنند.
a) if the stakes are high when you are trying to do something, you risk losing a lot or it will be dangerous if you fail.
b) if the stakes are high when you are doing something such as playing a card game, you risk losing a lot of money.
e.g: a chronic high-stakes setting
شرایط پرمخاطره دائمی (شدید)
☘️ vulnerable
a place, thing, or idea that is vulnerable is easy to attack or criticize
e.g: have vulnerable conversations
گفتگوهای انتقادپذیر (آسیب پذیر- آماده پذیرش-در خطر- حساس)
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary
☘️ role-play
نقش بازی کردن، ایفای نقش، نقش آفرینی. ادا کسی را درآوردن. تمرین و تقلید کردن.
به انجام عملی گفته میشود که در آن، فرد به صورت خودآگاه یا ناخودآگاه تلاش میکند تا با تغییر رفتار خود به جهت انجام عملی یا تنها برای به نمایش گذاشتن، آن را به انجام برساند. گاه فرد به قصد تقلید رفتار فرد دیگری اقدام به انجام عمل نقش بازی نماید.
Role play is the act of imitating the character and behaviour of a type of person who is very different from yourself. role play is usually used as a training exercise.
Pretending to be someone else, especially as part of learning a new skill:
e.g: Role play is used in training courses, language-learning and psychotherapy.
we might find a mentor or a trusted colleague with whom we have role-play.
☘️ Create low-stakes islands in an otherwise high-stakes sea (work environment)
این جزایر کم خطر، شامل تمرینات نقش آفرینی و مربیگری ویدئویی است که مربیان می توانند آنها را بررسی کنند ، بازخورد ارائه دهند و تمرینات بیشتری را بخواهند. سیستم عامل های مربیگری ویدئویی یک محیط عالی با ریسک کم برای تمرین و بهبود تکرارها بدون به خطر انداختن منطقه اجرای نهایی را فراهم می کنند.
How to Spend Life
What If Money Was No Object? - Alan Watts
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #RL #SST #Transcript #motivation
What do you desire? What makes you itch? What sort of a situation would you like?
Let’s suppose, I do this often in vocational guidance of students, they come to me and say, well, "we’re getting out of college and we have the faintest idea what we want to do". So I always ask the question, "what would you like to do if money were no object? How would you really enjoy spending your life?"
Well, it’s so amazing as a result of our kind of educational system, crowds of students say well, we’d like to be painters, we’d like to be poets, we’d like to be writers, but as everybody knows you can’t earn any money that way. Or another person says well, I’d like to live an out-of-doors life and ride horses. I said you want to teach in a riding school? Let’s go through with it. What do you want to do? When we finally got down to something, which the individual says he really wants to do, I will say to him, you do that and forget the money, because, if you say that getting the money is the most important thing, you will spend your life completely wasting your time. You’ll be doing things you don’t like doing in order to go on living, that is to go on doing things you don’t like doing, which is stupid. Better to have a short life that is full of what you like doing than a long life spent in a miserable way. And after all, if you do really like what you’re doing, it doesn’t matter what it is, you can eventually turn it – you could eventually become a master of it. It’s the only way to become a master of something, to be really with it. And then you’ll be able to get a good fee for whatever it is. So don’t worry too much. That’s everybody is – somebody is interested in everything, anything you can be interested in, you will find others will. But it’s absolutely stupid to spend your time doing things you don’t like, in order to go on spending things you don’t like, doing things you don’t like and to teach our children to follow in the same track. See what we are doing, is we’re bringing up children and educating to live the same sort of lifes we are living. In order that they may justify themselves and find satisfaction in life by bringing up their children to bring up their children to do the same thing, so it’s all retch and no vomit. It never gets there. And so, therefore, it’s so important to consider this question: What do I desire?
#Sample_answer #SST Apeuni206
The lecture is mainly about individuals’ desires. While the impacts of getting out of college such as not considering money as an object are important, the effects of the educational system and the joy of spending life such as living in an out-of-doors life and riding horses are significant. Finally, the influences of wasting the time by doing unsatisfactory jobs such as the importance of money are remarkable. (68 words)
What If Money Was No Object? - Alan Watts
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #RL #SST #Transcript #motivation
What do you desire? What makes you itch? What sort of a situation would you like?
Let’s suppose, I do this often in vocational guidance of students, they come to me and say, well, "we’re getting out of college and we have the faintest idea what we want to do". So I always ask the question, "what would you like to do if money were no object? How would you really enjoy spending your life?"
Well, it’s so amazing as a result of our kind of educational system, crowds of students say well, we’d like to be painters, we’d like to be poets, we’d like to be writers, but as everybody knows you can’t earn any money that way. Or another person says well, I’d like to live an out-of-doors life and ride horses. I said you want to teach in a riding school? Let’s go through with it. What do you want to do? When we finally got down to something, which the individual says he really wants to do, I will say to him, you do that and forget the money, because, if you say that getting the money is the most important thing, you will spend your life completely wasting your time. You’ll be doing things you don’t like doing in order to go on living, that is to go on doing things you don’t like doing, which is stupid. Better to have a short life that is full of what you like doing than a long life spent in a miserable way. And after all, if you do really like what you’re doing, it doesn’t matter what it is, you can eventually turn it – you could eventually become a master of it. It’s the only way to become a master of something, to be really with it. And then you’ll be able to get a good fee for whatever it is. So don’t worry too much. That’s everybody is – somebody is interested in everything, anything you can be interested in, you will find others will. But it’s absolutely stupid to spend your time doing things you don’t like, in order to go on spending things you don’t like, doing things you don’t like and to teach our children to follow in the same track. See what we are doing, is we’re bringing up children and educating to live the same sort of lifes we are living. In order that they may justify themselves and find satisfaction in life by bringing up their children to bring up their children to do the same thing, so it’s all retch and no vomit. It never gets there. And so, therefore, it’s so important to consider this question: What do I desire?
#Sample_answer #SST Apeuni206
The lecture is mainly about individuals’ desires. While the impacts of getting out of college such as not considering money as an object are important, the effects of the educational system and the joy of spending life such as living in an out-of-doors life and riding horses are significant. Finally, the influences of wasting the time by doing unsatisfactory jobs such as the importance of money are remarkable. (68 words)
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become concrete
🟪 Concrete
definite and specific.
عینی، قابل لمس.
e.g: a dialogue about concrete issues and problems
e.g: the lack of any concrete evidence.
e.g: Books are concrete objects.
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #rl #focus_on_vocabulary
opposite of concrete -> 🟪 Abstract ، غیر قابل لمس، غیر عملی، انتزاعی
existing only as an idea or quality rather than as something real that you can see or touch.
e.g: Love and beauty are abstract things.
e.g: the abstract nature of beauty.
🟪 Concrete
definite and specific.
عینی، قابل لمس.
e.g: a dialogue about concrete issues and problems
e.g: the lack of any concrete evidence.
e.g: Books are concrete objects.
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #rl #focus_on_vocabulary
opposite of concrete -> 🟪 Abstract ، غیر قابل لمس، غیر عملی، انتزاعی
existing only as an idea or quality rather than as something real that you can see or touch.
e.g: Love and beauty are abstract things.
e.g: the abstract nature of beauty.
RWFIB 630. Anopheles mosquitoes .جزوه ریدینگ
e.g: So researchers are trying to help people—by pumping up the mosquitoes' immunity.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
🔸 Pump up your immune system
افزایش سطح سیستم ایمنی
pump something/somebody ↔️ up #phrasal_verb
[informal] to increase the value, amount, or level of something.
برای افزایش ارزش ، مقدار یا سطح چیزی
e.g: The US was able to pump up exports.
e.g: Come on, pump up the volume (=play music louder)!
e.g: So researchers are trying to help people—by pumping up the mosquitoes' immunity.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
🔸 Pump up your immune system
افزایش سطح سیستم ایمنی
pump something/somebody ↔️ up #phrasal_verb
[informal] to increase the value, amount, or level of something.
برای افزایش ارزش ، مقدار یا سطح چیزی
e.g: The US was able to pump up exports.
e.g: Come on, pump up the volume (=play music louder)!
RWFIB 638. Genes Regulation (Two Types of Genes)
.جزوه ریدینگ
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
Housekeeping genes
Housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basal cellular functions that are essential for the existence of a cell, regardless of its specific role in the tissue or organism. Thus, they are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions, irrespective of tissue type, developmental stage, cell cycle state, or external signal.
ژن های کنترل درونی (مرجع یا خانهدار یا خانهبان) به طور معمول ژن های سازنده ای هستند که بدون توجه به نقش خاص آن در بافت یا ارگانیسم ، برای حفظ عملکردهای سلول اساسی که برای وجود سلول ضروری هستند ، لازم است. بنابراین ، بدون در نظر گرفتن نوع بافت ، مرحله رشد ، حالت چرخه سلولی یا سیگنال خارجی ، در همه سلولهای موجود زنده در شرایط طبیعی و پاتوفیزیولوژیک بیان می شوند.
.جزوه ریدینگ
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
Housekeeping genes
Housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basal cellular functions that are essential for the existence of a cell, regardless of its specific role in the tissue or organism. Thus, they are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions, irrespective of tissue type, developmental stage, cell cycle state, or external signal.
ژن های کنترل درونی (مرجع یا خانهدار یا خانهبان) به طور معمول ژن های سازنده ای هستند که بدون توجه به نقش خاص آن در بافت یا ارگانیسم ، برای حفظ عملکردهای سلول اساسی که برای وجود سلول ضروری هستند ، لازم است. بنابراین ، بدون در نظر گرفتن نوع بافت ، مرحله رشد ، حالت چرخه سلولی یا سیگنال خارجی ، در همه سلولهای موجود زنده در شرایط طبیعی و پاتوفیزیولوژیک بیان می شوند.
#RA #read_aloud
Thus language acquisition might be like other biological functions. The linguistic clumsiness of tourists and students might be the price we pay for the linguistic genius we displayed as babies, just as the decrepitude of age is the price we pay for the vigor of youth.
🆔 @EngStud
#vocabulary
🔺 acquisition فراگیری
[uncountable] the process by which you gain knowledge or learn a skill.
language acquisition
🔺 clumsiness ناشیگری. ضعف
clumsy: a clumsy action or statement is said or done carelessly or badly, and likely to upset someone.
The linguistic clumsiness
decrepitude of age .. کهولت سن. افت سن
🔺 decrepitude: noun [uncountable] حالت ضعف و ناتوانی. فرتوتی
decrepit (adj) : old and in bad condition.
opposite of decrepitude -> vigor
🔺 vigor American English vigour British English
noun [uncountable] physical or mental energy and determination.
the vigor of youth نیروی جوانی. شور جوانی
Thus language acquisition might be like other biological functions. The linguistic clumsiness of tourists and students might be the price we pay for the linguistic genius we displayed as babies, just as the decrepitude of age is the price we pay for the vigor of youth.
🆔 @EngStud
#vocabulary
🔺 acquisition فراگیری
[uncountable] the process by which you gain knowledge or learn a skill.
language acquisition
🔺 clumsiness ناشیگری. ضعف
clumsy: a clumsy action or statement is said or done carelessly or badly, and likely to upset someone.
The linguistic clumsiness
decrepitude of age .. کهولت سن. افت سن
🔺 decrepitude: noun [uncountable] حالت ضعف و ناتوانی. فرتوتی
decrepit (adj) : old and in bad condition.
opposite of decrepitude -> vigor
🔺 vigor American English vigour British English
noun [uncountable] physical or mental energy and determination.
the vigor of youth نیروی جوانی. شور جوانی
RWFIB 638. Genes Regulation (Two Types of Genes) .جزوه ریدینگ
♨️ As you might suspect,
همانطور که ممکن است حدس بزنید (گمان کنید).
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE #phrase
some same phrases:
♨️ As you might expect / imagine,
used for showing that you do not think that something is surprising.
♨️ As you might say,
♨️ As you might remember,
♨️ As you might think,
♨️ As you might gather,
♨️ As you might suppose,
♨️ As you might know,
♨️ As you might guess,
♨️ As you might have,
♨️ As you might suspect,
همانطور که ممکن است حدس بزنید (گمان کنید).
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE #phrase
some same phrases:
♨️ As you might expect / imagine,
used for showing that you do not think that something is surprising.
♨️ As you might say,
♨️ As you might remember,
♨️ As you might think,
♨️ As you might gather,
♨️ As you might suppose,
♨️ As you might know,
♨️ As you might guess,
♨️ As you might have,
🎁 معرفی ۶ تکنیک بسیار تاثیر گذار در بخش Reading آزمون PTE برای اخذ نمره بالاتر در آزمون #PTE ♻️
🎁 لینک مشاهده ویدئو در کانال اینستاگرام👇👇 #reading #rwfib #rfib
https://www.instagram.com/tv/CGpcp78Jl3h/?igshid=1wumrh2xyz04u
🎁 لینک مشاهده ویدئو در کانال اینستاگرام👇👇 #reading #rwfib #rfib
https://www.instagram.com/tv/CGpcp78Jl3h/?igshid=1wumrh2xyz04u
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499 Likes, 32 Comments - مهاجرت استرالیا / وکیل مهاجرت (@itaustralia2021) on Instagram: “چند نکته درباره روش تدریس من:( رعنا محمدی ) 👈 برای خواندن گرامر هیچ کتابی معرفی نمی کنم و خودم…”
RWFIB 5. Marmosets and Tamarins.
میمونهای پنجهای
... But as vast tracts of rainforest are cleared for plantation and cattle ranches, marmosets and tamarin are in serious danger of extinction. خطر انقراض
گزینه های جای خالی: /endangered/ fatal /safe /danger/
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
danger (noun)
endangered, dangerous (adjective)
endanger (verb)
dangerously (adverb)
میمونهای پنجهای
... But as vast tracts of rainforest are cleared for plantation and cattle ranches, marmosets and tamarin are in serious danger of extinction. خطر انقراض
گزینه های جای خالی: /endangered/ fatal /safe /danger/
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
danger (noun)
endangered, dangerous (adjective)
endanger (verb)
dangerously (adverb)
RWFIB 25. Clown fish (33. rwfib apeuni) سوال ریدینگ
Clown Fish Know When to Cry Uncle
دلقکماهی میداند چه موقع باید تسلیم شود
Social hierarchy in clown fish is signaled via different types of calls, which obviates the need for physical conflict. Sophie Bushwick reports
Full Transcript:
Clown fish became famous thanks to the movie Finding Nemo. In real life, their social hierarchy is simple: larger fish dominate their smaller counterparts. Now we know that to reinforce this social structure, the fish communicate with aggressive and submissive audio signals. The new info is in the journal PLoS ONE. [Orphal Colleye and Eric Parmentier, Overview on the Diversity of Sounds Produced by Clown Fishes (Pomacentridae): Importance of Acoustic Signals in Their Peculiar Way of Life]
Researchers recorded clown fish calls, capturing this noise as one chased a smaller fish. [Aggressive audio] These popping sounds function as an aggression signal. When a clown fish has been chased and wishes to submit, it shakes its head in a submissive gesture and produces clicking noises like these. [Submissive audio] The researchers compared the aggressive and submissive calls, and found that the sound pulses in a submissive signal were shorter and more high-pitched.
Unlike many animals that use sound to draw in potential mates, clown fish appear to use their calls only as labels of social status. When a little fish makes submissive sounds to a larger one, neither has to invest in a physical confrontation. Which is good news for small-fry like Nemo.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Transcript #reading #rwfib
🟢 #vocabulary :
🔺 say (or cry) uncle
تسلیم شدن،لنگ انداختن
🔺 hierarchy
سلسله مراتب
🔺 Counterpart
همتا، هم نوع
🔺 Reinforce (Verb) strengthen
تقویت کردن
🔺 Aggressive (Adj) hostile. OPP=Submissive.
مهاجم، سلطهجو، (در مورد رفتار با دیگران) اهل فشار و تحمیل، خصمانه
🔺 Submissive : (Adj)
. معتدل.ملایم. مطیع
🔺 potential mate = Partner
همسران احتمالی.
🔺 small-fry
noun [uncountable]
people or things that are not important when compared to other people or things.
بچه ماهی ها، ماهی های کوچک.
🟢 #collocation
social hierarchy, capture the noise, smaller counterparts, reinforce this social structure, communicate with (aggressive and submissive) audio signals, new info, recorded clown fish calls, popping sounds function,an aggression signal, a submissive gesture, produces clicking noises, compared the aggressive and submissive calls, sound pulses, draw in potential mates, labels of social status, a little fish, invest in a physical confrontation.
Clown Fish Know When to Cry Uncle
دلقکماهی میداند چه موقع باید تسلیم شود
Social hierarchy in clown fish is signaled via different types of calls, which obviates the need for physical conflict. Sophie Bushwick reports
Full Transcript:
Clown fish became famous thanks to the movie Finding Nemo. In real life, their social hierarchy is simple: larger fish dominate their smaller counterparts. Now we know that to reinforce this social structure, the fish communicate with aggressive and submissive audio signals. The new info is in the journal PLoS ONE. [Orphal Colleye and Eric Parmentier, Overview on the Diversity of Sounds Produced by Clown Fishes (Pomacentridae): Importance of Acoustic Signals in Their Peculiar Way of Life]
Researchers recorded clown fish calls, capturing this noise as one chased a smaller fish. [Aggressive audio] These popping sounds function as an aggression signal. When a clown fish has been chased and wishes to submit, it shakes its head in a submissive gesture and produces clicking noises like these. [Submissive audio] The researchers compared the aggressive and submissive calls, and found that the sound pulses in a submissive signal were shorter and more high-pitched.
Unlike many animals that use sound to draw in potential mates, clown fish appear to use their calls only as labels of social status. When a little fish makes submissive sounds to a larger one, neither has to invest in a physical confrontation. Which is good news for small-fry like Nemo.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Transcript #reading #rwfib
🟢 #vocabulary :
🔺 say (or cry) uncle
تسلیم شدن،لنگ انداختن
🔺 hierarchy
سلسله مراتب
🔺 Counterpart
همتا، هم نوع
🔺 Reinforce (Verb) strengthen
تقویت کردن
🔺 Aggressive (Adj) hostile. OPP=Submissive.
مهاجم، سلطهجو، (در مورد رفتار با دیگران) اهل فشار و تحمیل، خصمانه
🔺 Submissive : (Adj)
. معتدل.ملایم. مطیع
🔺 potential mate = Partner
همسران احتمالی.
🔺 small-fry
noun [uncountable]
people or things that are not important when compared to other people or things.
بچه ماهی ها، ماهی های کوچک.
🟢 #collocation
social hierarchy, capture the noise, smaller counterparts, reinforce this social structure, communicate with (aggressive and submissive) audio signals, new info, recorded clown fish calls, popping sounds function,an aggression signal, a submissive gesture, produces clicking noises, compared the aggressive and submissive calls, sound pulses, draw in potential mates, labels of social status, a little fish, invest in a physical confrontation.
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🗓 array
RWFIB 00. Children’s Musical Cultures and Play.
a wide array of electronic devices
یک لیست (دسته- فهرست- سری- مجموعه) وسیعی از...
RWFIB 178. Latin America declare independence.
a vibrant array of popular movements
RWFIB 478. Threat posed by climate change.
the worldwide array of newspapers
RWFIB 580. Deforestation.
a vast array of resources
RWFIB 592. United Nation’s Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
The enormous array of marine life
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #reading #vocabulary
Longman Dictionary:
a group of people or things, especially one that is large or impressive.
array of
a bewildering array of options.
a vast/impressive/wide array
RWFIB 00. Children’s Musical Cultures and Play.
a wide array of electronic devices
یک لیست (دسته- فهرست- سری- مجموعه) وسیعی از...
RWFIB 178. Latin America declare independence.
a vibrant array of popular movements
RWFIB 478. Threat posed by climate change.
the worldwide array of newspapers
RWFIB 580. Deforestation.
a vast array of resources
RWFIB 592. United Nation’s Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
The enormous array of marine life
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #reading #vocabulary
Longman Dictionary:
a group of people or things, especially one that is large or impressive.
array of
a bewildering array of options.
a vast/impressive/wide array
بر اساس بخشنامه شماره ۴۹۹۵۳ مورخ ۱۳۹۹/۸/۰۵ سازمان محترم سنجش و آموزش كشور، نرخ جدید ثبت نام آزمون آيلتس مبلغ ۶,۱۵۱,۰۴۰ تومان محاسبه و به مراکز برگزاری آزمون، ابلاغ گردیده است.