RWFIB 404. Anableps
RWFIB 531. Invasive species
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
Biology Letters is a peer-reviewed, biological, scientific journal published by the Royal Society. It focuses on the rapid publication of short high quality research articles, reviews and opinion pieces across the biological sciences.
بایولوژی لتر، یک مجله علمی ، بررسی شده ، بیولوژیکی ، منتشر شده توسط انجمن رویال است. این مجله بر انتشار سریع مقالات کوتاه پژوهشی با کیفیت بالا ، بررسی ها و نظرات در مورد علوم زیست شناسی متمرکز است.
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsbl
RWFIB 531. Invasive species
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
Biology Letters is a peer-reviewed, biological, scientific journal published by the Royal Society. It focuses on the rapid publication of short high quality research articles, reviews and opinion pieces across the biological sciences.
بایولوژی لتر، یک مجله علمی ، بررسی شده ، بیولوژیکی ، منتشر شده توسط انجمن رویال است. این مجله بر انتشار سریع مقالات کوتاه پژوهشی با کیفیت بالا ، بررسی ها و نظرات در مورد علوم زیست شناسی متمرکز است.
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsbl
RWFIB 6. Causes of Dinosaurs Extinction از جزوه ریدینگ
This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I’m Steve Mirsky. Got a minute？
The November 26th issue of the journal Science included a study showing that the extinction of the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago allowed puny mammals to get really big. But well before all that happened, another event triggered a different burst of evolutionary activity.
A new study finds that about 300 million years ago, the tropical rainforests along the equator fell apart. The familiar culprit—global warming.
Present-day Europe and North America were on the equator back then, and were covered with rainforests. But global warming made things even hotter and drier.
The expansive rainforests broke up into smaller fragments, and reptile populations became isolated from each other in the fragments. Such geographical isolation allows different populations to evolve in different directions, which led to a great increase in reptile diversity. The research appears in the journal Geology.
The explosion in reptiles ultimately led to the evolution of the dinosaurs, which dominated the planet until they fell victim to the massive impact that allowed us mammals to take over. As Vonnegut would say, so it goes.
Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American’s 60-Second Science, I’m Steve Mirsky.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE #podcast #sst
🔺 Kurt Vonnegut
کِرْت وانهگت، نویسندهٔ (رمان نویس) آمریکایی بود. آثار او غالباً ترکیبی از طنزی سیاه و مایههای علمیتخیلی است.
🔺"so it goes"
خلاصه داستان کتاب سلاخخانه شماره پنج:
بیلی پیلگریم، قهرمان داستان، در زمان خدمت خود در ارتش آمریکا در جنگ جهانی دوم، قابلیت حرکت در زمان را پیدا میکند .... بنابراین از تمام اتفاقات گذشته و آینده باخبرند. پس واکنش او به تمام اتفاقات ناخوشایندی که واقع میشود، گفتن این جمله است:
بله! رسم روزگار چنین است. ("so it goes").
🟢 #collocation
the extinction of the dinosaurs, puny mammals, get really big, triggered a different burst of evolutionary activity, familiar culprit, The expansive rainforests, smaller fragments, reptile populations, geographical isolation, different populations , different directions, a great increase in, reptile diversity, the evolution of the dinosaurs, the massive impact,
This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I’m Steve Mirsky. Got a minute？
The November 26th issue of the journal Science included a study showing that the extinction of the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago allowed puny mammals to get really big. But well before all that happened, another event triggered a different burst of evolutionary activity.
A new study finds that about 300 million years ago, the tropical rainforests along the equator fell apart. The familiar culprit—global warming.
Present-day Europe and North America were on the equator back then, and were covered with rainforests. But global warming made things even hotter and drier.
The expansive rainforests broke up into smaller fragments, and reptile populations became isolated from each other in the fragments. Such geographical isolation allows different populations to evolve in different directions, which led to a great increase in reptile diversity. The research appears in the journal Geology.
The explosion in reptiles ultimately led to the evolution of the dinosaurs, which dominated the planet until they fell victim to the massive impact that allowed us mammals to take over. As Vonnegut would say, so it goes.
Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American’s 60-Second Science, I’m Steve Mirsky.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE #podcast #sst
🔺 Kurt Vonnegut
کِرْت وانهگت، نویسندهٔ (رمان نویس) آمریکایی بود. آثار او غالباً ترکیبی از طنزی سیاه و مایههای علمیتخیلی است.
🔺"so it goes"
خلاصه داستان کتاب سلاخخانه شماره پنج:
بیلی پیلگریم، قهرمان داستان، در زمان خدمت خود در ارتش آمریکا در جنگ جهانی دوم، قابلیت حرکت در زمان را پیدا میکند .... بنابراین از تمام اتفاقات گذشته و آینده باخبرند. پس واکنش او به تمام اتفاقات ناخوشایندی که واقع میشود، گفتن این جمله است:
بله! رسم روزگار چنین است. ("so it goes").
🟢 #collocation
the extinction of the dinosaurs, puny mammals, get really big, triggered a different burst of evolutionary activity, familiar culprit, The expansive rainforests, smaller fragments, reptile populations, geographical isolation, different populations , different directions, a great increase in, reptile diversity, the evolution of the dinosaurs, the massive impact,
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RWFIB 7. Egg-Eating Snakes
کلیپپ مربوط به ریدینگ
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
Egg-eating snakes are a small group of snakes whose diet consists only of eggs. Some eat only eggs which are easy to eat, while some snakes eat bird’s eggs, which they have to swallow whole, as the snake has no teeth. Instead, some other snakes eat bigger eggs, but it requires special treatment. These snakes have spines that stick out from the backbone. The spines crack the egg open as it passes through the throat. It's easy to envision the evolution of this ability.
Some snakes, like the rat snake, already eat smaller eggs as part of their diet. If you lose your teeth, and evolve some protrusions on your spine, you suddenly gain access to a rich source of nutrition unavailable to other snakes. Once the egg is punctured, muscles in the snake's body work in waves to squeeze out the contents, which then move down into the stomach. The snake then forces the shell back into its mouth by bending its body into an 'S' shape. ...
کلیپپ مربوط به ریدینگ
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
Egg-eating snakes are a small group of snakes whose diet consists only of eggs. Some eat only eggs which are easy to eat, while some snakes eat bird’s eggs, which they have to swallow whole, as the snake has no teeth. Instead, some other snakes eat bigger eggs, but it requires special treatment. These snakes have spines that stick out from the backbone. The spines crack the egg open as it passes through the throat. It's easy to envision the evolution of this ability.
Some snakes, like the rat snake, already eat smaller eggs as part of their diet. If you lose your teeth, and evolve some protrusions on your spine, you suddenly gain access to a rich source of nutrition unavailable to other snakes. Once the egg is punctured, muscles in the snake's body work in waves to squeeze out the contents, which then move down into the stomach. The snake then forces the shell back into its mouth by bending its body into an 'S' shape. ...
60-Second Lectures on Racial Injustice: “This Isn’t for You”
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #sst
“This Isn’t for You”
You know this because on the first day you step on campus as a new professor, the office administrator and the department that hired you treats you like an intruder. This isn't for you because on the day you deliver your first lecture, two Black students linger after class to ask you one pointed question: "How did you get here?"
This isn't for you because at the end of every term at least one student slips you a note, saying that your presence in this space But, this isn't for you.
It's not for you because the very university that cuts your paycheck has also cut checks to the Philadelphia Police Foundation. You think of the guns Penn paid for, and you distinctly remember the feeling of a cop's pistol pressed right against your skull. You will never forget this feeling. In a very real sense,you will never stop being a young Black man, unfairly profiled. And that's why you know this isn't for you.
You feel it every time you walk by campus and Penn's private police eye you with suspicion. That sculpture on Woodland Walk, may say LOVE, but it is very clear that there's no love on campus for the likes of you. And all this is not for you.
It is two million dollars paid by the university,back to the university in a master plan masquerading as public investment. It is nothing compared to the massive property taxes that Penn might have paid directly to you,to do with as you would. And let's be clear, this is not for you. It is a brand management strategy.It is a public relations scheme by an institution,that wants to get a Black talking head,in front of an audience, to claim that head and whatever ideas might be in it.
This is for me, not you. This is for us.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #sst
“This Isn’t for You”
You know this because on the first day you step on campus as a new professor, the office administrator and the department that hired you treats you like an intruder. This isn't for you because on the day you deliver your first lecture, two Black students linger after class to ask you one pointed question: "How did you get here?"
This isn't for you because at the end of every term at least one student slips you a note, saying that your presence in this space But, this isn't for you.
It's not for you because the very university that cuts your paycheck has also cut checks to the Philadelphia Police Foundation. You think of the guns Penn paid for, and you distinctly remember the feeling of a cop's pistol pressed right against your skull. You will never forget this feeling. In a very real sense,you will never stop being a young Black man, unfairly profiled. And that's why you know this isn't for you.
You feel it every time you walk by campus and Penn's private police eye you with suspicion. That sculpture on Woodland Walk, may say LOVE, but it is very clear that there's no love on campus for the likes of you. And all this is not for you.
It is two million dollars paid by the university,back to the university in a master plan masquerading as public investment. It is nothing compared to the massive property taxes that Penn might have paid directly to you,to do with as you would. And let's be clear, this is not for you. It is a brand management strategy.It is a public relations scheme by an institution,that wants to get a Black talking head,in front of an audience, to claim that head and whatever ideas might be in it.
This is for me, not you. This is for us.
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RWFIB 56. The market for vegetarian foods
Difference Between Customer and Consumer
Every human being on earth is consumers or customers in some way or the other and are commonly misunderstood. However, a consumer is someone who consumes or uses the goods, and the customer is someone who purchases the commodity and makes the payment.
Sometimes, both the customer and consumer, are the same individual, when an individual buys good for their personal use. However, they are not similar, therefore, this article will make you understand the difference between the two. All the marketing process is aimed towards influencing customers’ behaviour, which means to influence the customer so that they take desired action expected by marketers.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
Another important feature in the discussion between consumer vs customer is that customers can also be businesses that purchase and then resell goods or merchandises. In such concern, they are only customers and not consumers of the goods they buy because they are reselling it to the consumer to ultimately utilise the product. So let’s understand in this article what is the things that make the word customer and consumer different from each other.
Customer vs Consumer
Who is a Customer? مشتری
A customer is a person who buys goods and services regularly from the seller and pays for it to satisfy their need. Many times a customer buys a product is also the consumer, but sometimes it’s not. For example, when parents purchase a product for their children, the parent is the customer, and the children are the consumer. They can also be known as client or buyers.
Who is a Consumer? مصرفکننده
A consumer is someone who purchases the product for his/her own need and consumes it. A consumer cannot resell the good or service but can consume it to earn his/her livelihood and self-employment. Any person, other than the buyer who buys the product or services, consumes the product by taking his/her permission is categorized as a consumer. In simple word, the end-user of the goods or services is termed as a consumer.
All individual who engages themselves in the economy is a consumer of the product. For instance, when a person buys goods from a grocery store for their family, you become a customer, as you are only purchasing the commodities. But, when they feed the grocery to other members of the family, they become the consumer.
Difference Between Customer and Consumer
Every human being on earth is consumers or customers in some way or the other and are commonly misunderstood. However, a consumer is someone who consumes or uses the goods, and the customer is someone who purchases the commodity and makes the payment.
Sometimes, both the customer and consumer, are the same individual, when an individual buys good for their personal use. However, they are not similar, therefore, this article will make you understand the difference between the two. All the marketing process is aimed towards influencing customers’ behaviour, which means to influence the customer so that they take desired action expected by marketers.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
Another important feature in the discussion between consumer vs customer is that customers can also be businesses that purchase and then resell goods or merchandises. In such concern, they are only customers and not consumers of the goods they buy because they are reselling it to the consumer to ultimately utilise the product. So let’s understand in this article what is the things that make the word customer and consumer different from each other.
Customer vs Consumer
Who is a Customer? مشتری
A customer is a person who buys goods and services regularly from the seller and pays for it to satisfy their need. Many times a customer buys a product is also the consumer, but sometimes it’s not. For example, when parents purchase a product for their children, the parent is the customer, and the children are the consumer. They can also be known as client or buyers.
Who is a Consumer? مصرفکننده
A consumer is someone who purchases the product for his/her own need and consumes it. A consumer cannot resell the good or service but can consume it to earn his/her livelihood and self-employment. Any person, other than the buyer who buys the product or services, consumes the product by taking his/her permission is categorized as a consumer. In simple word, the end-user of the goods or services is termed as a consumer.
All individual who engages themselves in the economy is a consumer of the product. For instance, when a person buys goods from a grocery store for their family, you become a customer, as you are only purchasing the commodities. But, when they feed the grocery to other members of the family, they become the consumer.
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acquire
(با کوشش) به دست آوردن، تحویل کردن، سبک کردن، فرا گرفتن، آموختن، صاحب شدن، مالک شدن، اندوختن، یافتن
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #PTE #wfd #rs
1 formal to obtain something by buying it or being given it:
Manning hoped to acquire valuable works of art as cheaply as possible.
2 to get or gain something:
The college acquired a reputation for very high standards.
he acquired great wealth. ثروت کلانی به چنگ آورده
3 to gain knowledge or learn a skill
to acquire learning. کسب دانش کردن
most skills are acquired. بیشتر مهارتها اکتسابی است.
* acquired, adj.
1- اکتسابی، آموخته، تحصیل شده (در برابر: ارثی hereditary - در برابر: نهادی innate)
acquired knowledge دانش اکتسابی
acquired traits ویژگیهای اکتسابی
2- (بیماری و غیره) غیر ارثی، اکتسابی، غیرمادرزادی (در برابر: مادرزادی congenital)
infants' acquired heart diseases
بیماریهای قلبی غیرمادرزادی نوزادان
.منبع : Longman و کانال یوتیوب Hello Channel .
(با کوشش) به دست آوردن، تحویل کردن، سبک کردن، فرا گرفتن، آموختن، صاحب شدن، مالک شدن، اندوختن، یافتن
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #PTE #wfd #rs
1 formal to obtain something by buying it or being given it:
Manning hoped to acquire valuable works of art as cheaply as possible.
2 to get or gain something:
The college acquired a reputation for very high standards.
he acquired great wealth. ثروت کلانی به چنگ آورده
3 to gain knowledge or learn a skill
to acquire learning. کسب دانش کردن
most skills are acquired. بیشتر مهارتها اکتسابی است.
* acquired, adj.
1- اکتسابی، آموخته، تحصیل شده (در برابر: ارثی hereditary - در برابر: نهادی innate)
acquired knowledge دانش اکتسابی
acquired traits ویژگیهای اکتسابی
2- (بیماری و غیره) غیر ارثی، اکتسابی، غیرمادرزادی (در برابر: مادرزادی congenital)
infants' acquired heart diseases
بیماریهای قلبی غیرمادرزادی نوزادان
.منبع : Longman و کانال یوتیوب Hello Channel .
falling standards in both written and spoken language among students
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #PTE #sst
🔸 deplore اظهار تاسف کردن
to disapprove of something very strongly and criticize it severely, especially publicly.
🔸 debased ، ،تخریب کردن، کاهش ارزش
to make someone or something lose its value or people’s respect.
🔸 Dumbing down
به صورت عامه فهم بیان کردن، کاهش افکار انتقادی با تضعیف زبان استاندارد و استانداردهای یادگیری است. بدین ترتیب معیارهای آکادمیک ، فرهنگ و اطلاعات معنی دار را بی اهمیت جلوه دهید ، مانند مورد فرهنگ عامه.
simplify complex information to make it more easily understandable, lower the intellectual level of something (such as a book).
🔸 syntax
نحو یا جملهشناسی شاخه ای از دستور زبان که به دانش مطالعهٔ قواعد مربوط به نحوهٔ ترکیب و در کنار هم آمدن واژهها بهمنظور ایجاد و درک جملات در یک زبان اطلاق میشود.
In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences (sentence structure) in a given language, usually including word order.
🔸 enormity شرارت زیاد. غیرعادی، عظمت،
1 [singular] the great size, seriousness, or difficulty of a situation, problem, event etc.
2 [countable usually plural] formal a very evil and cruel act.
🔸 wicked شرور .تبهکار
1 behaving in a way that is morally wrong. SYN=evil.
2 [informal] behaving badly in a way that is amusing.
3 [spoken informal] very good.
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #PTE #sst
🔸 deplore اظهار تاسف کردن
to disapprove of something very strongly and criticize it severely, especially publicly.
🔸 debased ، ،تخریب کردن، کاهش ارزش
to make someone or something lose its value or people’s respect.
🔸 Dumbing down
به صورت عامه فهم بیان کردن، کاهش افکار انتقادی با تضعیف زبان استاندارد و استانداردهای یادگیری است. بدین ترتیب معیارهای آکادمیک ، فرهنگ و اطلاعات معنی دار را بی اهمیت جلوه دهید ، مانند مورد فرهنگ عامه.
simplify complex information to make it more easily understandable, lower the intellectual level of something (such as a book).
🔸 syntax
نحو یا جملهشناسی شاخه ای از دستور زبان که به دانش مطالعهٔ قواعد مربوط به نحوهٔ ترکیب و در کنار هم آمدن واژهها بهمنظور ایجاد و درک جملات در یک زبان اطلاق میشود.
In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences (sentence structure) in a given language, usually including word order.
🔸 enormity شرارت زیاد. غیرعادی، عظمت،
1 [singular] the great size, seriousness, or difficulty of a situation, problem, event etc.
2 [countable usually plural] formal a very evil and cruel act.
🔸 wicked شرور .تبهکار
1 behaving in a way that is morally wrong. SYN=evil.
2 [informal] behaving badly in a way that is amusing.
3 [spoken informal] very good.
Difference Between Self-esteem and Self-confidence
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary
😎 self-esteem noun [uncountable] احترام به نفس - عزت نفس
the feeling of being satisfied with your own abilities, and that you deserve to be liked or respected → self-respect.
عزت نفس یا حرمت نفس، اصطلاحی در روانشناسی است که بازتاب ارزیابی یا برآورد یک فرد از ارزشهای خود میباشد. عزت نفس، باور و اعتقادی است که فرد، دربارهٔ ارزش و اهمیت خود دارد.
raise/build (up)/boost somebody’s self-esteem
Playing a sport can boost a girl’s self-esteem.
students’ sense of self-esteem.
low/poor self-esteem (=not much self-esteem)
💪 Self-confidence noun [uncountable] اعتماد به نفس
خودباوری یا اعتماد به نفس یکی از شرایط روانی است که شخص در آن بخاطر تجربههای قبلی، به تواناییها و استعدادهای خود در موفقیت انجام کارها بهطور موفقیتآمیز اعتماد و باور دارد.
💪 self-confident adjective مطمئن بخود
sure that you can do things well, that people like you etc.
I eventually became more self-confident as a public speaker.
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary
😎 self-esteem noun [uncountable] احترام به نفس - عزت نفس
the feeling of being satisfied with your own abilities, and that you deserve to be liked or respected → self-respect.
عزت نفس یا حرمت نفس، اصطلاحی در روانشناسی است که بازتاب ارزیابی یا برآورد یک فرد از ارزشهای خود میباشد. عزت نفس، باور و اعتقادی است که فرد، دربارهٔ ارزش و اهمیت خود دارد.
raise/build (up)/boost somebody’s self-esteem
Playing a sport can boost a girl’s self-esteem.
students’ sense of self-esteem.
low/poor self-esteem (=not much self-esteem)
💪 Self-confidence noun [uncountable] اعتماد به نفس
خودباوری یا اعتماد به نفس یکی از شرایط روانی است که شخص در آن بخاطر تجربههای قبلی، به تواناییها و استعدادهای خود در موفقیت انجام کارها بهطور موفقیتآمیز اعتماد و باور دارد.
💪 self-confident adjective مطمئن بخود
sure that you can do things well, that people like you etc.
I eventually became more self-confident as a public speaker.
صفاتی که به ed و ing یا able ختم میشوند
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary
✳️ صفاتی که با ing- ساخته میشوند ویژگیهای شخص، شیء و موقعیت را نشون میدهند و بیشتر برای اشاره به اشیا به کار میروند. یعنی شی این صفت را دارد یا مثلا چنان تاثیری روی انسان دارد. مثل فیلم خسته کننده یا ترسناک.
e.g.: admiring
پسند امیز، ستایش امیز، تحسین آمیز، (همراه)با تحسین،
Annette was getting lots of admiring looks/glances in her new red dress
آنت با لباس سرخ جدیدش نگاههای تحسین آمیزی به خود گرفته بود.
✳️ صفاتی که با ed- ساخته میشوند برای بیان احساسات و یا عواطف و برای توصیف یک چیز زودگذر استفاده شده و برای افراد به کار میروند، نه برای اشیا. یعنی فرد این صفت را به خود میگیرد یا دارد. مثل فرد خسته یا ترسیده.
The movie was frightening. I was frightened.
e.g.: admired
آدم تحسین شده، آدم شایسته
✳️ پسوند able
به معنی: قابلیت بودن چیزی
e.g.: admirable
پسندیده، ستودنی، تحسین انگیز، شایسته، عالی، بسیار خوب، قابل تحسین،
The orchestra gave an admirable performance last night. اجرای تحسین برانگیز
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary
✳️ صفاتی که با ing- ساخته میشوند ویژگیهای شخص، شیء و موقعیت را نشون میدهند و بیشتر برای اشاره به اشیا به کار میروند. یعنی شی این صفت را دارد یا مثلا چنان تاثیری روی انسان دارد. مثل فیلم خسته کننده یا ترسناک.
e.g.: admiring
پسند امیز، ستایش امیز، تحسین آمیز، (همراه)با تحسین،
Annette was getting lots of admiring looks/glances in her new red dress
آنت با لباس سرخ جدیدش نگاههای تحسین آمیزی به خود گرفته بود.
✳️ صفاتی که با ed- ساخته میشوند برای بیان احساسات و یا عواطف و برای توصیف یک چیز زودگذر استفاده شده و برای افراد به کار میروند، نه برای اشیا. یعنی فرد این صفت را به خود میگیرد یا دارد. مثل فرد خسته یا ترسیده.
The movie was frightening. I was frightened.
e.g.: admired
آدم تحسین شده، آدم شایسته
✳️ پسوند able
به معنی: قابلیت بودن چیزی
e.g.: admirable
پسندیده، ستودنی، تحسین انگیز، شایسته، عالی، بسیار خوب، قابل تحسین،
The orchestra gave an admirable performance last night. اجرای تحسین برانگیز
Difference between textile and fabric
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #focus_on_vocabulary
You can see textiles everywhere, from fibre to yarn, from cloth to clothing, from medical treatment to various industries. They range from fibres woven together to a finished product, ready for use. In addition, fabric is still under the textile umbrella. So in other words, you can make fabric and textiles from the same materials.
To summarise, not all textiles are fabric, while all fabric is a textile.
More complete description👇
https://www.contrado.co.uk/blog/definition-of-textile/
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #focus_on_vocabulary
You can see textiles everywhere, from fibre to yarn, from cloth to clothing, from medical treatment to various industries. They range from fibres woven together to a finished product, ready for use. In addition, fabric is still under the textile umbrella. So in other words, you can make fabric and textiles from the same materials.
To summarise, not all textiles are fabric, while all fabric is a textile.
More complete description👇
https://www.contrado.co.uk/blog/definition-of-textile/
Contrado Blog
Definition of Textile: What Is The Difference To Fabric?
Have you ever wondered what the definition of textile actually is? Or how it differs from fabric? Wonder no more, simply read on.
infowhelm
#vocabulary #Note_Taking
a deluge of data سیل ی از داده ها
a large amount of something such as letters or questions that someone gets at the same time .
a cocktail of emotions ترکیب هیجانانگیز و گیجکننده احساسات
cocktail
a mixture of several things which is dangerous, unpleasant, confusing, or exciting
suffused اشباع کردن
epistemology (شناخت ماهیت و منابع و حدود دانش)
the part of philosophy that deals with how we know things, how firmly we can know things etc
entangled epistemologies دانش شناسی مرکب، معرفت شناسی درهم
🆔 @EngStud
ambiguity ابهام
the state of being unclear, confusing, or not certain, or things that produce this effect.
overhaul ، سراسر بازدید کردن، اصلاح کردن، (دقیقا) بازبینی کردن
to change a system or method in order to improve it.
#vocabulary #Note_Taking
a deluge of data سیل ی از داده ها
a large amount of something such as letters or questions that someone gets at the same time .
a cocktail of emotions ترکیب هیجانانگیز و گیجکننده احساسات
cocktail
a mixture of several things which is dangerous, unpleasant, confusing, or exciting
suffused اشباع کردن
epistemology (شناخت ماهیت و منابع و حدود دانش)
the part of philosophy that deals with how we know things, how firmly we can know things etc
entangled epistemologies دانش شناسی مرکب، معرفت شناسی درهم
🆔 @EngStud
ambiguity ابهام
the state of being unclear, confusing, or not certain, or things that produce this effect.
overhaul ، سراسر بازدید کردن، اصلاح کردن، (دقیقا) بازبینی کردن
to change a system or method in order to improve it.
سخنان یک استاد ریدینگ آیتلس
1. خوندن و فهمیدن لغات متون تخصصی ریدینگ آکادمیک. در آیتلس و پیتیای.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #IELTS #vocabulary #PTE #reading_skills
(صدا در ابتدا ضعیف است و از ثانیه 25 زیاد میشود)
1. خوندن و فهمیدن لغات متون تخصصی ریدینگ آکادمیک. در آیتلس و پیتیای.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #IELTS #vocabulary #PTE #reading_skills
(صدا در ابتدا ضعیف است و از ثانیه 25 زیاد میشود)
سخنان یک استاد ریدینگ آیتلس
2. نحوه یادگیری لغات جدید در متون آکادمیک ریدینگ.
3. تحلیل اشباهات تست بعد از تست زنی. (ضعف درک مطلب)
🆔 @EngStud #reading #IELTS #vocabulary #PTE #reading_skills
2. نحوه یادگیری لغات جدید در متون آکادمیک ریدینگ.
3. تحلیل اشباهات تست بعد از تست زنی. (ضعف درک مطلب)
🆔 @EngStud #reading #IELTS #vocabulary #PTE #reading_skills
سخنان یک استاد ریدینگ آیتلس
4. چگونگی بالابردن درک مطلب در ریدینگ.
5. معرفی کتاب و منابع ریدینگ.
Inside Reading, National Geographic,BBC,...
🆔 @EngStud #reading #IELTS #vocabulary #PTE #reading_skills
4. چگونگی بالابردن درک مطلب در ریدینگ.
5. معرفی کتاب و منابع ریدینگ.
Inside Reading, National Geographic,BBC,...
🆔 @EngStud #reading #IELTS #vocabulary #PTE #reading_skills
RWFIB 87. The Texas Cosmology Center.
RWFIB 396. Leading scientists.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
interdisciplinary
Interdisciplinarity or interdisciplinary studies involves the combining of two or more academic disciplines into one activity (e.g., a research project). It draws knowledge from several other fields like sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics etc. It is about creating something by thinking across boundaries.
میانرشتهای یا اندررشتهای، اشاره به حوزههای نوین در دانش دارد که بیش از یک زمینهٔ محض دانشی را مورد مطالعه قرار میدهد. روش برخورد میانرشتهای فرصت عبور از مرزهای سنتی رشتههای گوناگون دانش را با هدف رسیدن به نتیجهٔ مطلوب در یک رشته فراهم میسازد. به عبارت دیگر، یک حوزهٔ میانرشتهای، عبارتست از «تلفیق دانش، روش و تجارب دو یا چند حوزهٔ علمی و تخصصی برای شناخت و حل یک مسئلهٔ پیچیده یا معضل اجتماعی چندوجهی».
RWFIB 396. Leading scientists.
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
interdisciplinary
Interdisciplinarity or interdisciplinary studies involves the combining of two or more academic disciplines into one activity (e.g., a research project). It draws knowledge from several other fields like sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics etc. It is about creating something by thinking across boundaries.
میانرشتهای یا اندررشتهای، اشاره به حوزههای نوین در دانش دارد که بیش از یک زمینهٔ محض دانشی را مورد مطالعه قرار میدهد. روش برخورد میانرشتهای فرصت عبور از مرزهای سنتی رشتههای گوناگون دانش را با هدف رسیدن به نتیجهٔ مطلوب در یک رشته فراهم میسازد. به عبارت دیگر، یک حوزهٔ میانرشتهای، عبارتست از «تلفیق دانش، روش و تجارب دو یا چند حوزهٔ علمی و تخصصی برای شناخت و حل یک مسئلهٔ پیچیده یا معضل اجتماعی چندوجهی».
RWFIB 396. A financial director.
In Europe’s top 1,000 quoted companies, nearly one quarter of all invoices are unpaid at any .... (Answer: point) in time, according to recent research carried out by the ASF organization.
🔰 at any point in time در هر مقطع زمانی
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
🔰 point in time
A specific or particular moment or period in time.
یک لحظه یا دوره زمانی منحصربفرد یا خاص. برهه از زمان. مقطع زمانی.
In Europe’s top 1,000 quoted companies, nearly one quarter of all invoices are unpaid at any .... (Answer: point) in time, according to recent research carried out by the ASF organization.
🔰 at any point in time در هر مقطع زمانی
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
🔰 point in time
A specific or particular moment or period in time.
یک لحظه یا دوره زمانی منحصربفرد یا خاص. برهه از زمان. مقطع زمانی.
Government policies, though tough, have been a blessing in disguise.
سیاست های دولت گرچه سخت (سختگیرانه) است اما (در نهایت) مبدل (چیزها) به خیر و برکت بوده است. (تبدیل به و باعث خیر و برکت شده، در پشت آن نعمت و برکت بوده).
#rs #repeat_sentences
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #PTE
a blessing in disguise حکمتی در چیزی بودن/در چیزی خیری وجود داشتن
From Longman Dictionary:
something that seems to be bad or unlucky at first, but which you later realize is good or lucky.
wikipedia:
A blessing in disguise is an English language idiom referring to the idea that something that appears to be a misfortune can have unexpected benefits.
سیاست های دولت گرچه سخت (سختگیرانه) است اما (در نهایت) مبدل (چیزها) به خیر و برکت بوده است. (تبدیل به و باعث خیر و برکت شده، در پشت آن نعمت و برکت بوده).
#rs #repeat_sentences
🆔 @EngStud #vocabulary #PTE
a blessing in disguise حکمتی در چیزی بودن/در چیزی خیری وجود داشتن
From Longman Dictionary:
something that seems to be bad or unlucky at first, but which you later realize is good or lucky.
wikipedia:
A blessing in disguise is an English language idiom referring to the idea that something that appears to be a misfortune can have unexpected benefits.
need to + verb.
need + sth. (noun.).
🆔 @EngStud #grammar #GeneralEnglish
eg.: I need to study hard to succeed in my exam and I need a detailed plan for doing it.
need + sth. (noun.).
🆔 @EngStud #grammar #GeneralEnglish
eg.: I need to study hard to succeed in my exam and I need a detailed plan for doing it.
RWFIB 571. Radioactive waste
از سوالات ریدینگ
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
Deep geological repository
A deep geological repository is a way of storing toxic or radioactive waste within a stable geologic environment (typically 200–1000 m deep). It entails a combination of waste form, waste package, engineered seals and geology that is suited to provide a high level of long-term isolation and containment without future maintenance.
مخزن زمین شناسی عمیق راهی برای ذخیره زباله های سمی یا رادیواکتیو در یک محیط زمین شناسی پایدار (عمقاً 200-1000 متر عمق) است.این شامل ترکیبی از فرم زباله ، بسته زباله ، مهر و موم مهندسی شده و زمین شناسی است که مناسب برای ایجاد سطح بالایی از انزوا و مهار طولانی مدت بدون نگهداری در آینده است.
از سوالات ریدینگ
🆔 @EngStud #reading #vocabulary #PTE
Deep geological repository
A deep geological repository is a way of storing toxic or radioactive waste within a stable geologic environment (typically 200–1000 m deep). It entails a combination of waste form, waste package, engineered seals and geology that is suited to provide a high level of long-term isolation and containment without future maintenance.
مخزن زمین شناسی عمیق راهی برای ذخیره زباله های سمی یا رادیواکتیو در یک محیط زمین شناسی پایدار (عمقاً 200-1000 متر عمق) است.این شامل ترکیبی از فرم زباله ، بسته زباله ، مهر و موم مهندسی شده و زمین شناسی است که مناسب برای ایجاد سطح بالایی از انزوا و مهار طولانی مدت بدون نگهداری در آینده است.
#RL Arctic and Antarctic
And so when we talk about the polar regions, just to clarify exactly what we mean and we have first of all the Arctic at the top of the Earth and the Antarctic at the bottom. And so the Arctic was named after the Greek word for bear. now surprisingly it’s not after the polar bears that live in Antarctic and live in the Arctic and space after the little and Great Bear constellations that can be seen in the sky now the Greeks also hypothesize that there would be an Anti-Arctic which is how we get the name Antarctic and that’s because it wasn’t discovered until much later on now these regions are opposite in many ways other than just their names and their location on the globe and so we look at the arts accessible and the Arctic is actually ocean surrounded by land so you can see here this is UK down here and it’s kind of Russia and then American Canada around here. and so there is a bit of land recognize and ice in the under in the Arctic which is Greenland here and but mostly all this area here surprisingly a lot of people don’t realize that this isn’t actually land the North Pole isn’t on land it’s just one big ocean and see if you have to go to the North Pole you could stand on it if you were drill down through the ice you would find ocean.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #sst #listening #Retell_Lecture
🔺Polar bears live in the Arctic
Arctic = the North Pole.
🔺Adélie penguins live in the Antarctica.
Antarctica = the South Pole, meaning "opposite to the Arctic".
My answer: #SST
The lecture was about polar regions, which comprised the Arctic at the top of the earth and the Antarctic at the bottom. The spokesperson determined little and great bear constellations, and essences of the Anti-arctic emphasized being ocean surrounded by land. Although both opposite regions and the location on the globe could be inferred from not placing on land, impacts of the north pole as a big ocean were acknowledged. (70w)
And so when we talk about the polar regions, just to clarify exactly what we mean and we have first of all the Arctic at the top of the Earth and the Antarctic at the bottom. And so the Arctic was named after the Greek word for bear. now surprisingly it’s not after the polar bears that live in Antarctic and live in the Arctic and space after the little and Great Bear constellations that can be seen in the sky now the Greeks also hypothesize that there would be an Anti-Arctic which is how we get the name Antarctic and that’s because it wasn’t discovered until much later on now these regions are opposite in many ways other than just their names and their location on the globe and so we look at the arts accessible and the Arctic is actually ocean surrounded by land so you can see here this is UK down here and it’s kind of Russia and then American Canada around here. and so there is a bit of land recognize and ice in the under in the Arctic which is Greenland here and but mostly all this area here surprisingly a lot of people don’t realize that this isn’t actually land the North Pole isn’t on land it’s just one big ocean and see if you have to go to the North Pole you could stand on it if you were drill down through the ice you would find ocean.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #sst #listening #Retell_Lecture
🔺Polar bears live in the Arctic
Arctic = the North Pole.
🔺Adélie penguins live in the Antarctica.
Antarctica = the South Pole, meaning "opposite to the Arctic".
My answer: #SST
The lecture was about polar regions, which comprised the Arctic at the top of the earth and the Antarctic at the bottom. The spokesperson determined little and great bear constellations, and essences of the Anti-arctic emphasized being ocean surrounded by land. Although both opposite regions and the location on the globe could be inferred from not placing on land, impacts of the north pole as a big ocean were acknowledged. (70w)
Telegram
attach 📎
Podcast for "Note Taking"
#transcript
Spiritual Crusading
🆔 @EngStud #podcast #listening
The crusades impacted Medieval European culture through a practice which I call spiritual crusading. Beginning in 1187, various popes attempted to expand the crusading movement by encouraging Christians to carry out specific liturgical rites that would provide spiritual support for the crusades. These devotions provided a way for all Christians to participate in the crusading movement. Even if they were not warriors, they could help liberate Jerusalem through their prayers. The papacy and the Church hierarchy understood that concern for the crusades and the Holy Land was widespread among Christians and that encouraging the clergy and laity to pray for the crusades offered a powerful incentive for Christians to more actively participate in the liturgical life of the Church. This practice therefore became a powerful and effective vehicle for Church reform in medieval society. I first examine medieval liturgical manuscripts from different communities to understand the local implementation of this program. Medieval Christians did not just passively adopt the devotions prescribed by the papacy, but adapted them to suit their own immediate concerns, extending the crusading mindset to local pious intentions and political rivalries. Spiritual crusading therefore both changed liturgical practices through papal prescription, and simultaneously provided local communities with the agency to shape the liturgies of the Church to address their particular concerns. The other aspect of my research explores how spiritual crusading transformed medieval devotional observance. By serving as a vehicle to encourage widespread piety, this spiritual campaign codified a broader program of Christian renewal, infusing emerging spiritual movements such as the Franciscans and flagellants with the rhetoric of the crusades. My scholarship therefore reveals how the practice of spiritual crusading expanded the crusading movement to incorporate all Christians and also reshaped medieval devotional practice through the dissemination of the crusading mindset to new areas of this society.
#transcript
Spiritual Crusading
🆔 @EngStud #podcast #listening
The crusades impacted Medieval European culture through a practice which I call spiritual crusading. Beginning in 1187, various popes attempted to expand the crusading movement by encouraging Christians to carry out specific liturgical rites that would provide spiritual support for the crusades. These devotions provided a way for all Christians to participate in the crusading movement. Even if they were not warriors, they could help liberate Jerusalem through their prayers. The papacy and the Church hierarchy understood that concern for the crusades and the Holy Land was widespread among Christians and that encouraging the clergy and laity to pray for the crusades offered a powerful incentive for Christians to more actively participate in the liturgical life of the Church. This practice therefore became a powerful and effective vehicle for Church reform in medieval society. I first examine medieval liturgical manuscripts from different communities to understand the local implementation of this program. Medieval Christians did not just passively adopt the devotions prescribed by the papacy, but adapted them to suit their own immediate concerns, extending the crusading mindset to local pious intentions and political rivalries. Spiritual crusading therefore both changed liturgical practices through papal prescription, and simultaneously provided local communities with the agency to shape the liturgies of the Church to address their particular concerns. The other aspect of my research explores how spiritual crusading transformed medieval devotional observance. By serving as a vehicle to encourage widespread piety, this spiritual campaign codified a broader program of Christian renewal, infusing emerging spiritual movements such as the Franciscans and flagellants with the rhetoric of the crusades. My scholarship therefore reveals how the practice of spiritual crusading expanded the crusading movement to incorporate all Christians and also reshaped medieval devotional practice through the dissemination of the crusading mindset to new areas of this society.
Telegram
attach 📎