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3.33K viewsJѧνѧԀ Rѧjѧɞı, 12:16

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GRAMMAR CLASS

🛑 AUXILIARY VERBS

📝 Auxiliary verbs are used together with a main verb to show the verb’s tense or to form a negative or question. The most common auxiliary verbs are have, do and can.

📝 Auxiliary verbs are useful in giving short answers to questions. Basically, your answer can end with an auxiliary verb.

📝 Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs.

🔅 In each of these sentences there is an auxiliary verb and a main verb:

✅ I have lost my keys.
✅ She can't come to the party.
✅The hotel was built ten years ago.
✅ Where do you live?

🔅 In the above examples have/can't/was/do are auxiliary verbs.

📝 We can use an auxiliary verb when we don't want to repeat something.

✅ Have you locked the door? Yes, I have. (= I have locked the door)
✅ Gary wasn't working, but Laura was. (=Laura was working )
✅ Jessica could lend me the money, but she won't. (= she won't lend me the money )

📝 We use do/does/did for the present and past simple.

✅ Do you like onions? Yes, I do. (= I like onions )
✅ Does Simon live in London? He did, but he doesn't anymore.

📝 We can use auxiliary verbs to deny what somebody says (= say it is not true)

✅ You're sitting in my place. No, I am not. (= I'm not sitting in your place )
✅ You didn't lock the door before you left. Yes, I did. (= I locked the door )

📝 We use have you? / isn't she? / do they? etc. to show interest in what somebody has said, or to show surprise.

✅ I've just seen Stephen. Oh, have you? How is he?
✅ Lisa isn't very well today. Oh, isn't she? What's wrong with her?
✅ It rained everyday during our holiday. Did it? What a shame!
✅ James and Tanya are getting married. Are they? Really?

📝 We use auxiliary verbs with so and neither.

✅ I'm tired. So am I. (= I'm tired too)
✅ I never read newspapers. Neither do I. (= I never read newspapers either)
✅ Sarah hasn't got a car and neither has Mark.

📝 Note the word order after so and neither (verb before subject)

✅ I passed the exam and so did Paul. ( not so Paul did)

📝 Instead of neither, we can use nor. We can also use not ... either.

✅ I don't know. Neither do I. or Nor do I. or I don't either.

🔅 I think so / I hope so etc.
📝 After some verbs we use so when we don't want to repeat something.

✅ Are those people Korean? I think so. (= I think they are Korean )
✅ Will you be at home this evening? I expect so. (= I expect I'll be at home this evening )
✅ Do you think Kate has been invited to the party? I suppose so.

📝 In the same way we say:
🔅I hope so, I guess so and I'm afraid so.

The usual negative forms are:
🔹I think so / I expect so ➡️ I don't think so / I don't expect so
🔹I hope so / I'm afraid so / I guess so ➡️ I hope not / I 'm afraid not / I guess not
🔹I suppose so ➡️ I don't suppose so or I suppose not

✅ Is that woman American? I think so. / I don't think so.
✅ Do you think it will rain? I hope so. / I hope not. (not I don't hope so)

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6.42K viewsEWM, 16:41