Second stage / Grammar / Lecture 1
Topic: Immediate constituents
Previously we dealt with the four sorts of morphemes_ bases, prefixes, in fixes, and suffixes_ of which words are composed. Now we shall see how these are put together to build the structure that we call a word.
A word of one morpheme has of course one unitary.
EXAMPLES:
Blaze ( this word consists of one part)
Street ( also one part)
A word of two morphemes like cheerful is composed of two parts,
(see the examples in your book page 104 _ 105)
But a word of three or more morphemes is not made up of a string of individual parts: it is built with a hierarchy of twosomes. The word “gentlemanly” for example, has three morphemes. The morphemes “man” and “ly” can be combined to form “manly” and that “gentle” and “manly” are combined to give the word “gentlemanly”. The meaning of “gentlemanly” does not seem to be composed of the meanings of its two parts “gentle” and “manly”. So we reject this possibility. The second possibility is as follows: “gentle” and “man” are put together to give “gentleman”. The word “gentle”, as we know, means “distinguished” or “belonging to a high social station”. Thus we can say that “gentleman” is a composite of those of its two constituents. Then we can add “-ly”, meaning “like” and the result will be “gentlemanly”, with the meaning of like a gentleman.
The notion of immediate constituents is based on the idea of analyzing or dividing words into two parts of which it seems to have been composed. Thus
Gentleman | ly .
Following the same way, we can cut every part into two more until we have reduced the word to its ultimate constituents and consequently, show the layers of structure by which a word has been composed. Thus
(Gentle | man | ly) is a word which consists of two immediate constituents “gentleman” and “-ly”, and furthermore, “gentleman” represents a layer of structure which consists of two immediate constituents “gentle” and “man”. We can say finally that “gentlemanly” is a word that has three morphemes and two layers of structure. Each layer of structure represents a part of that word which has two immediate constituents.
In doing word diagrams to show layers of structure, we make successive divisions into two parts each of which is called an immediate constituent, abbreviated IC.
The following are three recommendations on IC division that will help you:
1. If a word ends in an inflectional suffix, the first cut is between this suffix and the rest of the word: treatment | s .
2. One of the IC’s should, if possible, a free morpheme: engage | ing .
3. The meanings of the IC’s should be related to the meaning of the word. It would be wrong to cut “starchy” like this: star | chy .
Topic: Immediate constituents
Previously we dealt with the four sorts of morphemes_ bases, prefixes, in fixes, and suffixes_ of which words are composed. Now we shall see how these are put together to build the structure that we call a word.
A word of one morpheme has of course one unitary.
EXAMPLES:
Blaze ( this word consists of one part)
Street ( also one part)
A word of two morphemes like cheerful is composed of two parts,
(see the examples in your book page 104 _ 105)
But a word of three or more morphemes is not made up of a string of individual parts: it is built with a hierarchy of twosomes. The word “gentlemanly” for example, has three morphemes. The morphemes “man” and “ly” can be combined to form “manly” and that “gentle” and “manly” are combined to give the word “gentlemanly”. The meaning of “gentlemanly” does not seem to be composed of the meanings of its two parts “gentle” and “manly”. So we reject this possibility. The second possibility is as follows: “gentle” and “man” are put together to give “gentleman”. The word “gentle”, as we know, means “distinguished” or “belonging to a high social station”. Thus we can say that “gentleman” is a composite of those of its two constituents. Then we can add “-ly”, meaning “like” and the result will be “gentlemanly”, with the meaning of like a gentleman.
The notion of immediate constituents is based on the idea of analyzing or dividing words into two parts of which it seems to have been composed. Thus
Gentleman | ly .
Following the same way, we can cut every part into two more until we have reduced the word to its ultimate constituents and consequently, show the layers of structure by which a word has been composed. Thus
(Gentle | man | ly) is a word which consists of two immediate constituents “gentleman” and “-ly”, and furthermore, “gentleman” represents a layer of structure which consists of two immediate constituents “gentle” and “man”. We can say finally that “gentlemanly” is a word that has three morphemes and two layers of structure. Each layer of structure represents a part of that word which has two immediate constituents.
In doing word diagrams to show layers of structure, we make successive divisions into two parts each of which is called an immediate constituent, abbreviated IC.
The following are three recommendations on IC division that will help you:
1. If a word ends in an inflectional suffix, the first cut is between this suffix and the rest of the word: treatment | s .
2. One of the IC’s should, if possible, a free morpheme: engage | ing .
3. The meanings of the IC’s should be related to the meaning of the word. It would be wrong to cut “starchy” like this: star | chy .
#هام | خلية الازمة في العراق تعلن تمديد تعطيل الدوام وفرض حظر التجوال في عموم البلاد حتى اشعار اخر
كشف قسم الصحة العامة عن تمديد حظر التجوال الصحي في عموم العراق إلى إشعار آخر بعد اجتماع لخلية الأزمة عقد اليوم لحد من تفشي كورونا .
:
كشف قسم الصحة العامة عن تمديد حظر التجوال الصحي في عموم العراق إلى إشعار آخر بعد اجتماع لخلية الأزمة عقد اليوم لحد من تفشي كورونا .
:
حبايبي مرات اني مشغول
وماانشر الي ينزل ع البرنامج كلاس روم
وانتو تردون تقرون
فلذلك علاوي كاعد ينشر كذلك
الي كاعد ينزل بقناته @english_stage_one
وماانشر الي ينزل ع البرنامج كلاس روم
وانتو تردون تقرون
فلذلك علاوي كاعد ينشر كذلك
الي كاعد ينزل بقناته @english_stage_one
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