When light enters a denser medium, it:
  - A Speeds up
  - B Slows down
  - C Changes frequency
  - D Remains unchanged

Why?

group ላይ ብዙ አድ ለሚያረጉ የ130 mb ሽልማት

What phenomenon occurs when waves bend around an obstacle?
  - A Reflection
  - B Refraction
  - C Diffraction
  - D Interference

📌Choose the correct answers :-

1, He.....tv every night.
   A, watches
   B, has watches
   C, have watches
   D, had watches

2, The sun.....In the east.
   A, have rise
   B, have rose
   C, rises
   D, had rises

3, If she.....you, tell her      that you do not know.
   A, asks
   B, had asks
   C, have asks
   D, does asks

4, He.....tomorrow.
   A, has come
   B, had coming
   C, is coming
   D, have coming

5, My parents.....trees tomorrow.
   A, have planting
   B, had planting
   C, are planting
   D, is planting

6, She.....French this month.
   A, is learning
   B, has learning
   C, had learning
   D, was learning

7, She.....at China.
   A, has studies
   B, have studies
   C, studies
   D, was studies

8, Jhon.....his key.
   A, has lost
   B, does lost
   C, had lost
   D, have lost

9, Tom.....In that house for 10 years.
   A, had lived
   B, has lived
   C, have lived
   D, was lived

10, I.....answered him.
   A, had already
   B, have already
   C, has already
   D, was already



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#part_1_Vocabulary

Part 1
Vocabulary from the programme

1.✍the credit crunch :
✍የብድር ችግር;

🍒a term that has recently become common to describe the situation when it becomes difficult to borrow money at low interest rates. This situation applies to banks and other organisations as well as individuals
🍒በዝቅተኛ የወለድ ተመኖች ገንዘብ መበደር አስቸጋሪ በሚሆንበት ጊዜ ሁኔታውን ለመግለጽ በቅርቡ የተለመደ ሆኗል እና  ይህ ቃል ባንኮችን እና ሌሎች ድርጅቶችን እንዲሁም ግለሰቦችን ስለሚመለከት መርጠን አቅርበንላቿል።

2.✍the bubble has burst :
✍ደረቅ ትርጉሙ፡ አረፋው ፈነዳ;
👉 ስኬት ቶሎ መጥቶ ቶሎ ሲጠፋ የምንጠቀምበት ሃረግ ነው።

🍎a period of time when something that has been very successful has come quickly to an end
🍎በጣም ስኬታማ የሆነ ነገር በፍጥነት የሚያበቃበት ጊዜ ላይ ይህን ቃል መጠቀም እንችላለን።

✍Example:
"It looks as if the bubble had burst for the property market in the UK."
ለምሳሌ:
"በዩኬ ውስጥ አረፋው ለንብረት ገበያ የፈነዳ ይመስላል፡  ብለው ያምናሉ።

3. ✍negative equity :
✍ደረቅ ትርጉሙ፡ አሉታዊ ሕይወትነት;
👉  "መክሰርን"/ውድቀት" ለማመልከት እጠቀምበታለን።

🌹a situation where the value of your property is less than the money you have borrowed to pay for it. If you sell your property you will not be able to repay the money you borrowed
🌹የንብረትዎ ዋጋ ለመክፈል ከተበደሩት ገንዘብ ያነሰበት ሁኔታ ሲፈጠር እና ንብረትዎን ከሸጡ ወይም የተበደረውትን  ገንዘብ መመለስ የማትችሉበት አጋጣሚ ሲፈጠር እህን ሃረግ መጠቀም ትችላላችሁ።

✍Example:
"Thousands of people are going to find themselves in negative equity if house prices continue to fall."
ለምሳሌ:
"የቤት ዋጋ ማሽቆልቆሉን ከቀጠለ በሺዎች የሚቆጠሩ ሰዎች እራሳቸውን በአሉታዊ ፍትሃዊነት ውስጥ ያገኙታል።

4. ✍a first-time buyer :
✍ደረቅ ትርጉሙ፡ የመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ገዢ፡-
👉የመጀመርያ ገንዘብ ያገኘንበት ቀን ላይ እሄንን ሃረግ መጠቀም እንችላለን።
🍒somebody who has never owned property before who is buying for the first time.
🍒ከዚህ በፊት ንብረት የሌለው ሰው ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ የሚገዛበት ቀን ላይ እንጠቀመዋለን።

5. ✍a mortgage :
✍የቤት መግዣ

🍓the money that is borrowed from a financial organisation to pay for a property
🍓ለንብረት ለመክፈል ከፋይናንሺያል ድርጅት የተበደረው ገንዘብ ላይ እንጠቀመዋለን።
✍Example:
"It used to be possible to get 100% mortgages, but since the credit crunch this is very rare now."
ለምሳሌ:
"ከዚህ በፊት 100% ብድር ማግኘት ይቻል ነበር፣ ነገር ግን የዱቤ ችግር ካለበት ይህ አሁን በጣም አልፎ አልፎ ነው።"

6. ✍the property ladder :
✍የንብረት መሰላል;

🍓the process of owning a property then selling it and buying a better property
🍓የንብረት ባለቤትነት ሂደት ከዚያም መሸጥ እና የተሻለ ንብረት መግዛት ሲችሉ መጠቀም ትችላላችሁ።

✍Example:
"It's very difficult for those on low incomes to get onto the property ladder."
ለምሳሌ:
"ዝቅተኛ ገቢ ላላቸው ሰዎች ወደ ንብረቱ መሰላል ለመግባት በጣም ከባድ ነው።"

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Which sentence is an example of a question in indirect speech?
  - A) He asked, "Are you coming?"
  - B) He asked if I was coming.
  - C) Did he ask?
  - D) He said, "I am coming."

Microorganisms Questions

1. Which of the following is not a type of microorganism?
  - A) Bacteria
  - B) Virus
  - C) Fungus
  - D) Mammal
  Answer: D) Mammal

2. What is the primary method used by bacteria to reproduce?
  - A) Budding
  - B) Binary fission
  - C) Mitosis
  - D) Meiosis
  Answer: B) Binary fission

3. Which microorganism is responsible for the fermentation process in bread making?
  - A) Bacteria
  - B) Yeast
  - C) Virus
  - D) Protozoa
  Answer: B) Yeast

4. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?
  - A) Tuberculosis
  - B) Cholera
  - C) Influenza
  - D) Ringworm
  Answer: C) Influenza

5. What is the main function of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?
  - A) Decomposition
  - B) Nitrification
  - C) Photosynthesis
  - D) Respiration
  Answer: B) Nitrification

6. Which technique is commonly used to sterilize laboratory equipment?
  - A) Freezing
  - B) Boiling
  - C) Autoclaving
  - D) Soaking
  Answer: C) Autoclaving

7. What structure do bacteria use for movement?
  - A) Pseudopodia
  - B) Flagella
  - C) Cilia
  - D) Fimbriae
  Answer: B) Flagella

8. Which of the following is a beneficial use of microorganisms?
  - A) Causing disease
  - B) Food production
  - C) Decomposing organic material
  - D) Both B and C
  Answer: D) Both B and C

9. What type of microorganism can live in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures or salinity?
  - A) Eubacteria
  - B) Archaea
  - C) Fungi
  - D) Protists
  Answer: B) Archaea

10. Which process is used to make yogurt from milk?
  - A) Pasteurization
  - B) Fermentation
  - C) Autoclaving
  - D) Freezing
  Answer: B) Fermentation

Which process is used to introduce foreign DNA into a host organism?
  - A) Cloning
  - B) Transformation
  - C) Transduction
  - D) All of the above

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### Top 20 Terms in Physics

1. Force
  The interaction that causes an object to accelerate or deform, measured in Newtons (N).

2. Mass
  The quantity of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg), which also influences gravitational attraction.

3. Acceleration
  The rate of change of velocity of an object, expressed in meters per second squared (m/s²).

4. Velocity
  The speed of an object in a particular direction, measured in meters per second (m/s).

5. Energy
  The capacity to perform work, existing in various forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical, measured in Joules (J).

6. Work
  The energy transferred when a force is applied over a distance, calculated using the formula W = F × d (work = force × displacement).

7. Power
  The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, measured in Watts (W).

8. Momentum
  The quantity of motion an object possesses, calculated as the product of mass and velocity, represented as p = m × v.

9. Friction
  The resistive force that opposes the motion of two surfaces in contact, influenced by the nature of the surfaces and the normal force.

10. Electric Charge
  A property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field, measured in Coulombs (C).

11. Magnetic Field
  A vector field surrounding magnetic materials and electric currents that exerts magnetic forces, measured in Teslas (T).

12. Temperature
  A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or Kelvin (K).

13. Thermodynamics
  The branch of physics that deals with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.

14. Wavelength
  The distance between successive crests of a wave, typically measured in meters (m).

15. Frequency
  The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time, measured in Hertz (Hz).

16. Newton’s Laws of Motion
  A set of three fundamental principles that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it.

17. Relativity
  A theory developed by Einstein that describes the relationship between space, time, and gravity, especially focused on the effects of traveling close to the speed of light.

18. Quantum Mechanics
  The branch of physics that studies the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scales, where classical physics no longer applies.

19. Acoustic Waves
  Longitudinal waves that are generated by vibrating objects and propagated through a medium such as air or water.

20. Optics
  The branch of physics that studies the behavior of light, including its interactions with matter, and the construction and use of instruments that manipulate light.

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