🟠🟠Today's The Indian Express Vocabulary🟠🟠

✅ borne out- proven

✅ obscure- not well known; not easy to see or understand

✅ contrive- not natural or realistic

✅ arraignment - a legal process in a court where accused is asked to say if he is guilty or not

✅ assail- to attack somebody/something, either physically or with words

✅ mugshot- a photograph taken by the police of a person who has been charged with a crime

✅ shoddy- made carelessly or with poor quality materials; dishonest or unfair

✅ dejection- feeling of being unhappy, disappointed or hopeless

✅ loath- not willing to do something; reluctant

✅ nought- the number zero

✅ gleam- a soft light that shines for a short time

✅ animosity- a strong feeling of dislike, anger, unfriendly feeling

✅ jeer- to laugh or shout rude comments at somebody to show your lack of respect for him

✅ tradeoff- balancing of two opposing situations or qualities, both of which are desired

✅ ghetto- a part of town where many people of the same race, religion, etc live in poor conditions

✅ steadfast- staying the same for a long time and not Changi quickly/unexpectedly; faithful or loyal

🟠🟠Four Labour Codes enacted by Parliament are as follows

🔸Code on Industrial Relations
🔸Code on Social Security
🔸Code on Wages
🔸Code on Occupational Safety,
Health and Working Conditions


🔥🔥Existing labour laws subsumed by these four Labour Codes are as follows🔥🔥

🔶Code on Wages has subsumed four laws

1) Payment of Wages Act, 1936

2) Minimum Wages Act, 1948

3) Payment of Bonus Act, 1965

4) Equal Remuneration Act, 1976


🔶Code on Industrial Relations has subsumed three laws

1) Trade Unions Act, 1926

2) Industrial Employment (Standing Orders Act), 1946

3) Industrial Disputes Act (IDA), 1947


🔶Code on Social Security has subsumed nine laws

1) The Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923

2) The Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948

3) The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

4) The Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959

5) The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961

6) The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972

7) The Cine Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1981

8) The Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Cess Act, 1996

9) The Unorganised Workers’ Social Security Act, 2008


🔶Code on Occupational Safety,  
Health and Working Conditions has subsumed thirteen laws

1) The Factories Act, 1948

2) The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970

3) The Mines Act, 1952

4) The Dock Workers (Safety, Health and Welfare) Act, 1986

5) The Plantations Labour Act, 1951

6)The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979

7)The Working Journalist and other News Paper Employees (Conditions of Service and Miscellaneous Provision) Act, 1955

8)The Working Journalist (Fixation of rates of wages) Act, 1958

9)The Cine Workers and Cinema Theatre Workers Act, 1981
10)The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961

11)The Sales Promotion Employees (Conditions of Service) Act, 1976

12)The Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966.

13) The Building & Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996

🔥🔥EPFO exam likely to be conducted on 2nd July 2023🔥🔥 ( source - CSE 2023 Updates)

🟠🟠 Today's The Indian express Vocabulary🟠🟠

✅ vengeance- punishing someone for harming you; revenge

✅ arson- the crime of intentionally starting a fire in order to damage or destroy something

✅ cavalier- showing a lack of proper concern

✅ negate- to stop something from having any effect

✅ compatible- suitable to be used together; or to exist/live together

✅ inference- a conclusion or opinion formed because of known fact

✅ preclude- to prevent someone from doing something

✅ abrogation- the repeal or abolition of a law/right/agreement

✅ trespass- to go onto somebody's land/property without permission

✅ abscond- to run away secretly and hide oneself

✅ resist- to oppose

✅ refute- to prove wrong by argument or evidence

✅ complicit- involved with others in an activity that is unlawful

✅ hasten- to make something happen more quickly

✅ despotism- the exercise of absolute power, especially in a cruel & oppressive way

✅ terminal- leading ultimately to death; approaching to death

✅ acquiesce- to accept or agree to something, often without really wanting to