We have retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 114 patients, from different centers in the USA, diagnosed with immune-mediated diseases following immunization with hepatitis-B vaccine (HBVv). All patients in this cohort sought legal consultation. Of these, 93/114 patients diagnosed with disease before applying for legal consultation were included in the study. All medical records were evaluated for demographics, medical history, number of vaccine doses, peri-immunization adverse events and clinical manifestations of diseases. In addition, available blood tests, imaging results, treatments and outcomes were recorded. Signs and symptoms of the different immune-mediated diseases were grouped according to the organ or system involved. ASIA criteria were applied to all patients.
RESULTS:
The mean age of 93 patients was 26.5 ± 15 years; 69.2% were female and 21% were considered autoimmune susceptible. The mean latency period from the last dose of HBVv and onset of symptoms was 43.2 days. Of note, 47% of patients continued with the immunization program despite experiencing adverse events. Manifestations that were commonly reported included neuro-psychiatric (70%), fatigue (42%) mucocutaneous (30%), musculoskeletal (59%) and gastrointestinal (50%) complaints. Elevated titers of autoantibodies were documented in 80% of sera tested. In this cohort 80/93 patients (86%), comprising 57/59 (96%) adults and 23/34 (68%) children, fulfilled the required criteria for ASIA.
CONCLUSIONS:
Common clinical characteristics were observed among 93 patients diagnosed with immune-mediated conditions post-HBVv, suggesting a common denominator in these diseases. In addition, risk factors such as history of autoimmune diseases and the appearance of adverse event(s) during immunization may serve to predict the risk of post-immunization diseases. The ASIA criteria were found to be very useful among adults with post-vaccination events. The application of the ASIA criteria to pediatric populations requires further study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22235045
vaccination may be associated with autoimmune disease (title of article press link to read)
http://www.feingold.org/Research/PDFstudies/Tishler2004-open.pdf
Antigen-presenting Cell Activation: a Link Between Infection and Autoimmunity?
The onset of autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes and multiple sclerosis is often thought to be associated with infection. This has led to studies of molecular mimicry between infectious agents and the self-antigens associated with autoimmunity. Despite many claims, however, a single causative infectious agent for autoimmunity has not been found. An alternative possibility is that many infectious agents are capable of non-specifically enhancing the likelihood of an autoimmune attack. Here we show how infectious agents may activate antigen-presenting cells leading to the activation of autoreactive T cells by otherwise innocuous antigens. The mechanism of activation involves upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules on the antigen-presenting cell resulting in a lowering of the threshold required for activation. These results help explain how diverse infectious agents could cause autoimmune disease in susceptible individuals.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896841100904980
Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by autoantibodies against epithelial intercellular components. Its etiology is unknown, and neoplasms, antecedent infections or medications are considered possible triggering factors for the disease in some cases. We describe the first case of pemphigus following a hepatitis B virus vaccination. We suggest that in some cases vaccination may be the triggering factor for pemphigus in genetically predisposed individuals and physicians should be aware of this possible association.
Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08916930400027078
Discussion
There is increasing evidence that GBS
is an autoimmune disease. Various autoantibodies
to gangliosides were described
in GBS patients (4,5), and T
RESULTS:
The mean age of 93 patients was 26.5 ± 15 years; 69.2% were female and 21% were considered autoimmune susceptible. The mean latency period from the last dose of HBVv and onset of symptoms was 43.2 days. Of note, 47% of patients continued with the immunization program despite experiencing adverse events. Manifestations that were commonly reported included neuro-psychiatric (70%), fatigue (42%) mucocutaneous (30%), musculoskeletal (59%) and gastrointestinal (50%) complaints. Elevated titers of autoantibodies were documented in 80% of sera tested. In this cohort 80/93 patients (86%), comprising 57/59 (96%) adults and 23/34 (68%) children, fulfilled the required criteria for ASIA.
CONCLUSIONS:
Common clinical characteristics were observed among 93 patients diagnosed with immune-mediated conditions post-HBVv, suggesting a common denominator in these diseases. In addition, risk factors such as history of autoimmune diseases and the appearance of adverse event(s) during immunization may serve to predict the risk of post-immunization diseases. The ASIA criteria were found to be very useful among adults with post-vaccination events. The application of the ASIA criteria to pediatric populations requires further study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22235045
vaccination may be associated with autoimmune disease (title of article press link to read)
http://www.feingold.org/Research/PDFstudies/Tishler2004-open.pdf
Antigen-presenting Cell Activation: a Link Between Infection and Autoimmunity?
The onset of autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes and multiple sclerosis is often thought to be associated with infection. This has led to studies of molecular mimicry between infectious agents and the self-antigens associated with autoimmunity. Despite many claims, however, a single causative infectious agent for autoimmunity has not been found. An alternative possibility is that many infectious agents are capable of non-specifically enhancing the likelihood of an autoimmune attack. Here we show how infectious agents may activate antigen-presenting cells leading to the activation of autoreactive T cells by otherwise innocuous antigens. The mechanism of activation involves upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules on the antigen-presenting cell resulting in a lowering of the threshold required for activation. These results help explain how diverse infectious agents could cause autoimmune disease in susceptible individuals.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896841100904980
Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by autoantibodies against epithelial intercellular components. Its etiology is unknown, and neoplasms, antecedent infections or medications are considered possible triggering factors for the disease in some cases. We describe the first case of pemphigus following a hepatitis B virus vaccination. We suggest that in some cases vaccination may be the triggering factor for pemphigus in genetically predisposed individuals and physicians should be aware of this possible association.
Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08916930400027078
Discussion
There is increasing evidence that GBS
is an autoimmune disease. Various autoantibodies
to gangliosides were described
in GBS patients (4,5), and T
PubMed
Autoimmunity following hepatitis B vaccine as part of the spectrum of 'Autoimmune (Auto-inflammatory) Syndrome induced by Adjuvants'…
Common clinical characteristics were observed among 93 patients diagnosed with immune-mediated conditions post-HBVv, suggesting a common denominator in these diseases. In addition, risk factors such as history of autoimmune diseases and the appearance of…
👍2
cells with cross-reactivity to nervesheath
components (4). The disease is
related in most cases to respiratory or
gastrointestinal infections and vaccines,
resulting in demyelination or axonal
degeneration (2). The target of the
immune attack differs with the clinical
subtypes of GBS (3). Rarely is GBS
related to Hodgkin’s lymphoma (6) or
autoimmune disease such as systemic
lupus erythematosus (7).
Infection with the following microorganisms
can cause GBS: Campylobac –
ter jejuni, in 25-41% of GBS patients,
Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus
(2), HIV infection, Mycoplasma pneu –
moniae, shigella, clostridium (8), and
Haemophilus influenzae (9).
Vaccines reportedly related to the appearance
of GBS include influenza,
tetanus toxoid, BCG, rabies, smallpox,
mumps, rubella, oral poliovirus vaccine,
hepatitis B vaccines, either plasma-
derived or recombinant vaccine and
diphtheria vaccine (10). The influenza
vaccine in 1976 (“swine flue” or New
Jersey 76) caused a 4- to 8-fold increase
in the rate of GBS occurring 6-8
weeks after vaccination (11,12). Subsequent
studies of influenza-vaccinated
patients showed no increase in the GBS
rate (13).
In a review of the English literature another
19 cases of hepatitis B vaccination
were reported to precede the symptoms
of GBS (14-22) (Table I). T h e
plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine
became commercially available in June
1982. Shaw et al. (15) documented the
first 3 years of postmarketing surveillance
for neurologic adverse events after
vaccination among 850,000 persons,
mostly health workers, who received
the HBV vaccine. Nine cases of
GBS were reported up to 7 weeks after vaccination. One case was reported as
atypical and 5 cases were compatible
with a viral infection before the appearance
of the neurological symptoms.
GBS was reported as occurring significantly
more often then expected when
compared with the Center of Disease
Control GBS background rate (11), but
not when compared with the Olmsted
County rate (23). The authors calculated
that, taking into account age, sex
and under-reporting, the rate of GBS
was slightly higher in the vaccinated
group, but concluded that no definite
epidemiologic association could be
made.
Mcmahon et al. (17) determined the incidence
of adverse reactions from the
plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in
Alaska. Out of 43,618 subjects who
received 101,360 injections, 2 patients
developed GBS 3 and 9 months after
the last injection. Their conclusion was
that the vaccine was safe and that the
incidence of GBS was not increased.
The authors claimed that the adverse
events caused by the plasma-derived
HBV vaccine are due to the preservative
material thimerosal, a mercurial
compound that was found to be neurotoxic
and is not included in the HBV
vaccines since 1999 and to aluminium
hydroxide, used as an adjuvant. Both
compounds were also used in the recombinant
vaccine.
In addition to our patient, 8 case reports
of GBS after hepatitis B vaccine have
been reported (14,16,18-22), 3 of them
after receiving the yeast derived recombinant
DNA hepatitis B vaccine.
One of the patients died after a multiorgan
failure, septic shock and adult respiratory
distress syndrome. A n e u r opathologic
examination revealed an inflammatory
cell infiltrate in the gray
matter especially in the anterior horn of
the spinal cord, and small foci of macrophages
in the long tracts. Most of
the cells appeared around blood vessels,
but were also found in the parenchyma,
close to nerve cells (21).
The pathogenesis of hepatitis B vaccine
associated with GBS is not clear.
The following mechanisms are suggested:
1 ) Molecular mimicry: As in other autoimmune
disorders appearing after
vaccination, molecular mimicry is
suspected. Hepatitis B surface protein
may provoke an autoimmune
attack on a similar protein present in
the nerve cells. In molecular mimicry
involving T lymphocytes these
cells recognize their antigen as peptide-
bound to MHC molecule. The
microbial antigen has the same
shape as a self antigenic epitope
bound to the same MHC molecule.
The DNA sequence of HBV w a s
components (4). The disease is
related in most cases to respiratory or
gastrointestinal infections and vaccines,
resulting in demyelination or axonal
degeneration (2). The target of the
immune attack differs with the clinical
subtypes of GBS (3). Rarely is GBS
related to Hodgkin’s lymphoma (6) or
autoimmune disease such as systemic
lupus erythematosus (7).
Infection with the following microorganisms
can cause GBS: Campylobac –
ter jejuni, in 25-41% of GBS patients,
Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus
(2), HIV infection, Mycoplasma pneu –
moniae, shigella, clostridium (8), and
Haemophilus influenzae (9).
Vaccines reportedly related to the appearance
of GBS include influenza,
tetanus toxoid, BCG, rabies, smallpox,
mumps, rubella, oral poliovirus vaccine,
hepatitis B vaccines, either plasma-
derived or recombinant vaccine and
diphtheria vaccine (10). The influenza
vaccine in 1976 (“swine flue” or New
Jersey 76) caused a 4- to 8-fold increase
in the rate of GBS occurring 6-8
weeks after vaccination (11,12). Subsequent
studies of influenza-vaccinated
patients showed no increase in the GBS
rate (13).
In a review of the English literature another
19 cases of hepatitis B vaccination
were reported to precede the symptoms
of GBS (14-22) (Table I). T h e
plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine
became commercially available in June
1982. Shaw et al. (15) documented the
first 3 years of postmarketing surveillance
for neurologic adverse events after
vaccination among 850,000 persons,
mostly health workers, who received
the HBV vaccine. Nine cases of
GBS were reported up to 7 weeks after vaccination. One case was reported as
atypical and 5 cases were compatible
with a viral infection before the appearance
of the neurological symptoms.
GBS was reported as occurring significantly
more often then expected when
compared with the Center of Disease
Control GBS background rate (11), but
not when compared with the Olmsted
County rate (23). The authors calculated
that, taking into account age, sex
and under-reporting, the rate of GBS
was slightly higher in the vaccinated
group, but concluded that no definite
epidemiologic association could be
made.
Mcmahon et al. (17) determined the incidence
of adverse reactions from the
plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in
Alaska. Out of 43,618 subjects who
received 101,360 injections, 2 patients
developed GBS 3 and 9 months after
the last injection. Their conclusion was
that the vaccine was safe and that the
incidence of GBS was not increased.
The authors claimed that the adverse
events caused by the plasma-derived
HBV vaccine are due to the preservative
material thimerosal, a mercurial
compound that was found to be neurotoxic
and is not included in the HBV
vaccines since 1999 and to aluminium
hydroxide, used as an adjuvant. Both
compounds were also used in the recombinant
vaccine.
In addition to our patient, 8 case reports
of GBS after hepatitis B vaccine have
been reported (14,16,18-22), 3 of them
after receiving the yeast derived recombinant
DNA hepatitis B vaccine.
One of the patients died after a multiorgan
failure, septic shock and adult respiratory
distress syndrome. A n e u r opathologic
examination revealed an inflammatory
cell infiltrate in the gray
matter especially in the anterior horn of
the spinal cord, and small foci of macrophages
in the long tracts. Most of
the cells appeared around blood vessels,
but were also found in the parenchyma,
close to nerve cells (21).
The pathogenesis of hepatitis B vaccine
associated with GBS is not clear.
The following mechanisms are suggested:
1 ) Molecular mimicry: As in other autoimmune
disorders appearing after
vaccination, molecular mimicry is
suspected. Hepatitis B surface protein
may provoke an autoimmune
attack on a similar protein present in
the nerve cells. In molecular mimicry
involving T lymphocytes these
cells recognize their antigen as peptide-
bound to MHC molecule. The
microbial antigen has the same
shape as a self antigenic epitope
bound to the same MHC molecule.
The DNA sequence of HBV w a s
👍1
found to be homologous to myelin
basic protein (23).
2) Another coincidental infection:
Most of the vaccine recipients are at
high risk for infection with EBV,
C M V and HTLV 3, that also can
cause demyelinating disease (18).
3) Immune complex disease: Five cases
of GBS have been reported in patients
suffering from infection with
HBV. In the acute phase of GBS, immune
complexes containing hepatitis
B surface antigen were found in
the serum and cerebrospinal fluid,
but not in the sural nerve. Those immune
complexes were not present
when the hepatitis was first detected,
but only after the appearance of
neurological symptoms, and disappeared
when the inflammatory phase
of the disease had ended (24, 25).
Immune complexes without a known
antigen were found in other cases of
GBS in various organs. The immune
complexes can transfer through the
blood-nerve barrier and may be deposited
in the endonerium and injure nerve
fibers (25). Treatment with plasmapheresis
or IVIG may eliminate those
immune complexes.
R e c e n t l y, the presence of glycolipid
(ganglioside) specific antibodies has
been found to be associated with neurological
disease, in particular with
GBS. The pathogenic potential of these
antibodies has remained unclear. Several
mechanisms by which anti-ganglioside
antibodies may exert their
potential pathogenic effect have been
proposed. Direct binding of anti-ganglioside
antibodies to axon or Schwann
cells might disturb ion fluxes and cause
partial nerve conduction block (26).
Naturally occurring antibodies crossre –
acting with gangliosides may become
pathogenic after affinity maturation
and class switching initiated by preceding
infection.
The hepatitis B vaccine has been used
routinely for almost 20 years. Most of
the side effects are local or transient
minor reactions. The rate of the adverse
events is 1 in 15,500 doses. Major reactions
are rare and include variable autoimmune
phenomena: erythema nodosum,
lichen planus, acute urticaria, polyarthritis,
including rheumatoid arthritis
and reactive arthritis, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis,
Evan’s syndrome and
thrombocytopenic purpura.
Neurological complications include
acute cerebellar ataxia and autoimmune
demyelinating disorders including
multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis
and GBS (27). These reactions are
sporadic and there is no clear evidence
that the rate of GBS or multiple sclerosis
is more common among the vaccinated
population.
Hepatitis B vaccine is important and,
according to the available data, the prevention
of hepatitis B outweighs the
rare incidence of diseases reported after
vaccination. Further animal studies
and evaluation of the risk factors for these adverse effects are indicated.
http://www.clinexprheumatol.org/article.asp?a=2492
Guillain-Barre Syndrome after Vaccination in United States: Data From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Food and Drug Administration Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (1990-2005)
Methods: We used data for 1990 to 2005 from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, which is a cooperative program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Food and Drug Administration.
Results: There were 1000 cases (mean age, 47 years) of GBS reported after vaccination in the United States between 1990 and 2005. The onset of GBS was within 6 weeks in 774 cases, >6 weeks in 101, and unknown in 125. Death and disability after the event occurred in 32 (3.2%) and 167 (16.7%) subjects, respectively. The highest number (n = 632) of GBS cases was observed in subjects receiving influenza vaccine followed by hepatitis B vaccine (n = 94). Other vaccines or combinations of vaccines were associated with 274 cases of GBS. The incidence of GBS after influenza vaccination was marginally higher in subjects <65 years compared with those ≥65 years (P = 0.09); for hepatitis vaccine, the incidence was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in the <65 group. Death was more frequent in subjects ≥65 years compared with those <65 years (P < 0.0001).
basic protein (23).
2) Another coincidental infection:
Most of the vaccine recipients are at
high risk for infection with EBV,
C M V and HTLV 3, that also can
cause demyelinating disease (18).
3) Immune complex disease: Five cases
of GBS have been reported in patients
suffering from infection with
HBV. In the acute phase of GBS, immune
complexes containing hepatitis
B surface antigen were found in
the serum and cerebrospinal fluid,
but not in the sural nerve. Those immune
complexes were not present
when the hepatitis was first detected,
but only after the appearance of
neurological symptoms, and disappeared
when the inflammatory phase
of the disease had ended (24, 25).
Immune complexes without a known
antigen were found in other cases of
GBS in various organs. The immune
complexes can transfer through the
blood-nerve barrier and may be deposited
in the endonerium and injure nerve
fibers (25). Treatment with plasmapheresis
or IVIG may eliminate those
immune complexes.
R e c e n t l y, the presence of glycolipid
(ganglioside) specific antibodies has
been found to be associated with neurological
disease, in particular with
GBS. The pathogenic potential of these
antibodies has remained unclear. Several
mechanisms by which anti-ganglioside
antibodies may exert their
potential pathogenic effect have been
proposed. Direct binding of anti-ganglioside
antibodies to axon or Schwann
cells might disturb ion fluxes and cause
partial nerve conduction block (26).
Naturally occurring antibodies crossre –
acting with gangliosides may become
pathogenic after affinity maturation
and class switching initiated by preceding
infection.
The hepatitis B vaccine has been used
routinely for almost 20 years. Most of
the side effects are local or transient
minor reactions. The rate of the adverse
events is 1 in 15,500 doses. Major reactions
are rare and include variable autoimmune
phenomena: erythema nodosum,
lichen planus, acute urticaria, polyarthritis,
including rheumatoid arthritis
and reactive arthritis, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis,
Evan’s syndrome and
thrombocytopenic purpura.
Neurological complications include
acute cerebellar ataxia and autoimmune
demyelinating disorders including
multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis
and GBS (27). These reactions are
sporadic and there is no clear evidence
that the rate of GBS or multiple sclerosis
is more common among the vaccinated
population.
Hepatitis B vaccine is important and,
according to the available data, the prevention
of hepatitis B outweighs the
rare incidence of diseases reported after
vaccination. Further animal studies
and evaluation of the risk factors for these adverse effects are indicated.
http://www.clinexprheumatol.org/article.asp?a=2492
Guillain-Barre Syndrome after Vaccination in United States: Data From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Food and Drug Administration Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (1990-2005)
Methods: We used data for 1990 to 2005 from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, which is a cooperative program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Food and Drug Administration.
Results: There were 1000 cases (mean age, 47 years) of GBS reported after vaccination in the United States between 1990 and 2005. The onset of GBS was within 6 weeks in 774 cases, >6 weeks in 101, and unknown in 125. Death and disability after the event occurred in 32 (3.2%) and 167 (16.7%) subjects, respectively. The highest number (n = 632) of GBS cases was observed in subjects receiving influenza vaccine followed by hepatitis B vaccine (n = 94). Other vaccines or combinations of vaccines were associated with 274 cases of GBS. The incidence of GBS after influenza vaccination was marginally higher in subjects <65 years compared with those ≥65 years (P = 0.09); for hepatitis vaccine, the incidence was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in the <65 group. Death was more frequent in subjects ≥65 years compared with those <65 years (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Our results suggest that vaccines other than influenza vaccine can be associated with GBS. Vaccination-related GBS results in death or disability in one fifth of affected individuals, which is comparable to the reported rates in the general GBS population
http://journals.lww.com/jcnmd/Abstract/2009/09000/Guillain_Barre_Syndrome_after_Vaccination_in.1.aspx
Autoimmune reactions to vaccinations may rarely be induced in predisposed individuals by molecular mimicry or bystander activation mechanisms. Autoimmune reactions reliably considered vaccine-associated, include Guillain-Barré syndrome after 1976 swine influenza vaccine, immune thrombocytopenic purpura after measles/mumps/rubella vaccine, and myopericarditis after smallpox vaccination, whereas the suspected association between hepatitis B vaccine and multiple sclerosis has not been further confirmed, even though it has been recently reconsidered, and the one between childhood immunization and type 1 diabetes seems by now to be definitively gone down. Larger epidemiological studies are needed to obtain more reliable data in most suggested associations.
Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08830181003746304
Vaccines, in several reports were found to be temporally followed by a new onset of autoimmune diseases. The same mechanisms that act in infectious invasion of the host, apply equally to the host response to vaccination. It has been accepted for diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, polio and measles vaccines and GBS. Also this theory has been accepted for MMR vaccination and development of autoimmune thrombocytopenia, MS has been associated with HBV vaccination.
Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08916930500050277
Hepatitis B infection is one of the most important causes of acute and chronic liver disease. During the 1980s, genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccines (HBVs) were introduced in the United States. A large-series of serious autoimmune conditions have been reported following HBVs, despite the fact that HBVs have been reported to be “generally well-tolerated.” A case-control epidemiological study was conducted to evaluate serious autoimmune adverse events prospectively reported to the vaccine adverse events reporting system (VAERS) database following HBVs, in comparison to an age, sex, and vaccine year matched unexposed tetanus-containing vaccine (TCV) group for conditions that have been previously identified on an a priori basis from case-reports. Adults receiving HBV had significantly increased odds ratios (OR) for multiple sclerosis (OR = 5.2, p < 0.0003, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.9 – 20), optic neuritis (OR = 14, p < 0.0002, 95% CI = 2.3 – 560), vasculitis (OR = 2.6, p < 0.04, 95% CI = 1.03 – 8.7), arthritis (OR = 2.01, p < 0.0003, 95% CI = 1.3 – 3.1), alopecia (OR = 7.2, p < 0.0001, 95% CI = 3.2 – 20), lupus erythematosus (OR = 9.1, p < 0.0001, 95% CI = 2.3 – 76), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 18, p < 0.0001, 95% CI = 3.1 – 740), and thrombocytopenia (OR = 2.3, p < 0.04, 95% CI = 1.02 – 6.2) in comparison to the TCV group. Minimal confounding or systematic error was observed. Despite the negative findings of the present study regarding the rare serious adverse effects of HBVs, it is clear that HBV does, indeed, offer significant benefits, but it is also clear that chances of exposure to hepatitis B virus in adults is largely life-style dependent. Adults should make an informed consent decision, weighing the risks and benefits of HBV, as to whether or not to be immunized
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16206512
HBV was associated with a number of serious conditions and positive re-challenge or significant exacerbation of symptoms following immunization.
http://journals.lww.com/jcnmd/Abstract/2009/09000/Guillain_Barre_Syndrome_after_Vaccination_in.1.aspx
Autoimmune reactions to vaccinations may rarely be induced in predisposed individuals by molecular mimicry or bystander activation mechanisms. Autoimmune reactions reliably considered vaccine-associated, include Guillain-Barré syndrome after 1976 swine influenza vaccine, immune thrombocytopenic purpura after measles/mumps/rubella vaccine, and myopericarditis after smallpox vaccination, whereas the suspected association between hepatitis B vaccine and multiple sclerosis has not been further confirmed, even though it has been recently reconsidered, and the one between childhood immunization and type 1 diabetes seems by now to be definitively gone down. Larger epidemiological studies are needed to obtain more reliable data in most suggested associations.
Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08830181003746304
Vaccines, in several reports were found to be temporally followed by a new onset of autoimmune diseases. The same mechanisms that act in infectious invasion of the host, apply equally to the host response to vaccination. It has been accepted for diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, polio and measles vaccines and GBS. Also this theory has been accepted for MMR vaccination and development of autoimmune thrombocytopenia, MS has been associated with HBV vaccination.
Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08916930500050277
Hepatitis B infection is one of the most important causes of acute and chronic liver disease. During the 1980s, genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccines (HBVs) were introduced in the United States. A large-series of serious autoimmune conditions have been reported following HBVs, despite the fact that HBVs have been reported to be “generally well-tolerated.” A case-control epidemiological study was conducted to evaluate serious autoimmune adverse events prospectively reported to the vaccine adverse events reporting system (VAERS) database following HBVs, in comparison to an age, sex, and vaccine year matched unexposed tetanus-containing vaccine (TCV) group for conditions that have been previously identified on an a priori basis from case-reports. Adults receiving HBV had significantly increased odds ratios (OR) for multiple sclerosis (OR = 5.2, p < 0.0003, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.9 – 20), optic neuritis (OR = 14, p < 0.0002, 95% CI = 2.3 – 560), vasculitis (OR = 2.6, p < 0.04, 95% CI = 1.03 – 8.7), arthritis (OR = 2.01, p < 0.0003, 95% CI = 1.3 – 3.1), alopecia (OR = 7.2, p < 0.0001, 95% CI = 3.2 – 20), lupus erythematosus (OR = 9.1, p < 0.0001, 95% CI = 2.3 – 76), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 18, p < 0.0001, 95% CI = 3.1 – 740), and thrombocytopenia (OR = 2.3, p < 0.04, 95% CI = 1.02 – 6.2) in comparison to the TCV group. Minimal confounding or systematic error was observed. Despite the negative findings of the present study regarding the rare serious adverse effects of HBVs, it is clear that HBV does, indeed, offer significant benefits, but it is also clear that chances of exposure to hepatitis B virus in adults is largely life-style dependent. Adults should make an informed consent decision, weighing the risks and benefits of HBV, as to whether or not to be immunized
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16206512
HBV was associated with a number of serious conditions and positive re-challenge or significant exacerbation of symptoms following immunization.
LWW
Guillain-Barré Syndrome after Vaccination in United States: ... : Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease
Reporting System, which is a cooperative program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Food and Drug Administration.
Results:
There were 1000 cases (mean age, 47 years) of GBS reported after vaccination in the United States between…
Results:
There were 1000 cases (mean age, 47 years) of GBS reported after vaccination in the United States between…
There were 415 arthritis, 166 rheumatoid arthritis, 130 myelitis, 4 SLE, 100 optic neuritis, 101 GBS, 29 glomerulonephritis, 283 pancytopenia/thrombocytopenia, and 183 MS events reportedfollowing HBV A total of 465 positive re-challenge adverse events were observed following adult HBV that occurred sooner and with more severity than initial adverse event reports. A case-report of arthritis occurring in identical twins was also identified. [personal note: between 1 and 10 percent of adverse events are actually reported according to the FDAs David Kessler)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15638050
Viral proteins having molecular mimicry with self-proteins in the CNS can prime genetically susceptible individuals. Once this priming has occurred, an immunologic challenge could result in disease through bystander activation by cytokines.
Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08916930500484799
Nevertheless, allergy and, to a lesser extent, autoimmunity have repeatedly been described or suspected as rare adverse consequences of human vaccines. The mechanisms of these adverse reactions are ill-elucidated, if at all. No animal models have been adequately standardized and validated to predict the risk of allergy and autoimmunity associated with vaccines. However, a number of existing models can be considered for use, but need refinement to be applied to vaccine evaluation. Finally, because the preclinical safety evaluation has not received much attention in the past, efforts should be paid to design specific and cost-effective procedures to meet the current expectations.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300483X02000562
After reviewing the 27 cases of vasculitis after hepatitis B vaccination reported in the current literature, the authors suggest that, in some cases, vaccination may be the triggering factor for vasculitis in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Physicians should be aware of this possible association.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953620508000770
Mumps resurgences in the United States: A historical perspective on unexpected elements.
. The 2006 epidemic followed this pattern, with two unique variations: it was preceded by a period of very high vaccination rates and very low disease incidence and was characterized by two-dose failure rates among adults vaccinated in childhood. Data from the past 80 years suggest that preventing future mumps epidemics will depend on innovative measures to detect and eliminate build-up of susceptibles among highly vaccinated populations
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815120
Subacute thyroiditis and dyserythropoesis after influenza vaccination suggesting immune dysregulation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22111471
However, a 2006 epidemic involved >5700 cases nationwide, with many reported among fully vaccinated college students.. A large mumps outbreak occurred despite high two-dose vaccination coverage in a population most of whom had received the second dose >10 years before. Two-dose vaccine effectiveness was similar to previous one-dose estimates. Further studies are needed to examine the persistence of two-dose mumps vaccine-induced immunity and to determine whether US mumps elimination can be achieved with the current vaccination strategy.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18539365
The first outbreak involved 13 high-school students (median age 14 yr): 9 who had previously received 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) and 4 who received a single dose. The second outbreak comprised 19 cases of mumps among students and some staff at a local university (median age 23 yr), of whom 18 had received only 1 dose of MMR (the other received a second dose). The viruses identified in the outbreaks were phylogenetically similar and belonged to a genotype commonly reported in the UK. The virus from the second outbreak is identical to the strain currently circulating in the UK and United States.
INTERPRETATION:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15638050
Viral proteins having molecular mimicry with self-proteins in the CNS can prime genetically susceptible individuals. Once this priming has occurred, an immunologic challenge could result in disease through bystander activation by cytokines.
Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08916930500484799
Nevertheless, allergy and, to a lesser extent, autoimmunity have repeatedly been described or suspected as rare adverse consequences of human vaccines. The mechanisms of these adverse reactions are ill-elucidated, if at all. No animal models have been adequately standardized and validated to predict the risk of allergy and autoimmunity associated with vaccines. However, a number of existing models can be considered for use, but need refinement to be applied to vaccine evaluation. Finally, because the preclinical safety evaluation has not received much attention in the past, efforts should be paid to design specific and cost-effective procedures to meet the current expectations.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300483X02000562
After reviewing the 27 cases of vasculitis after hepatitis B vaccination reported in the current literature, the authors suggest that, in some cases, vaccination may be the triggering factor for vasculitis in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Physicians should be aware of this possible association.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953620508000770
Mumps resurgences in the United States: A historical perspective on unexpected elements.
. The 2006 epidemic followed this pattern, with two unique variations: it was preceded by a period of very high vaccination rates and very low disease incidence and was characterized by two-dose failure rates among adults vaccinated in childhood. Data from the past 80 years suggest that preventing future mumps epidemics will depend on innovative measures to detect and eliminate build-up of susceptibles among highly vaccinated populations
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815120
Subacute thyroiditis and dyserythropoesis after influenza vaccination suggesting immune dysregulation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22111471
However, a 2006 epidemic involved >5700 cases nationwide, with many reported among fully vaccinated college students.. A large mumps outbreak occurred despite high two-dose vaccination coverage in a population most of whom had received the second dose >10 years before. Two-dose vaccine effectiveness was similar to previous one-dose estimates. Further studies are needed to examine the persistence of two-dose mumps vaccine-induced immunity and to determine whether US mumps elimination can be achieved with the current vaccination strategy.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18539365
The first outbreak involved 13 high-school students (median age 14 yr): 9 who had previously received 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) and 4 who received a single dose. The second outbreak comprised 19 cases of mumps among students and some staff at a local university (median age 23 yr), of whom 18 had received only 1 dose of MMR (the other received a second dose). The viruses identified in the outbreaks were phylogenetically similar and belonged to a genotype commonly reported in the UK. The virus from the second outbreak is identical to the strain currently circulating in the UK and United States.
INTERPRETATION:
PubMed
A case-series of adverse events, positive re-challenge of symptoms, and events in identical twins following hepatitis B vaccination:…
Evidence from biological plausibility, case-reports, case-series, epidemiological, and now for positive re-challenge and exacerbation of symptoms, and events in identical twins was presented. One would have to consider that there is causal relationship between…
👍2
The predominance in these outbreaks of infected people of university age not only highlights an environment with potential for increased transmission but also raises questions about the efficacy of the MMR vaccine. The people affected may represent a “lost cohort” who do not have immunity from natural mumps infection and were not offered a 2-dose schedule. Given the current level of mumps activity around the world, clinicians should remain vigilant for symptoms of mumps.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16940266
Persistence of maternal antibody in infants beyond 12 months: Mechanism of measles vaccine failure
A serologic study was made in 34 children immunized against measles at the age of 12 months. Using a sensitive virus neutralization test, it was found that many of the children had pre-existing maternal antibody to measles virus. (this was written in 1977 back when mothers were actually passing immunity to their children..this is just an example of natural immunity being passed from mother to child..something that vaccination cannot and will not ever do.)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022347677810214
The study, which analyzed data from 2009-2011, found that white, college-educated mothers over the age of 35 were most likely to report that they had delayed or skipped immunizations for their children. There’s no consensus as to why that is the case, Young said. [hmmm..lets try to help them come to a clear consensus.. could intellence level be a factor? could age play a role because mothers over 35 have had more time to witness what vaccination can do?]
Read more here: http://www.adn.com/2013/04/22/2875131/more-alaskans-hesitant-about-vaccines.html#storylink=cpy
“A Positive Association found between Autism Prevalence and Childhood Vaccination uptake across the U.S. Population”
The reason for the rapid rise of autism in the United States that began in the 1990s is
a mystery. Although individuals probably have a genetic predisposition to develop autism,
researchers suspect that one or more environmental triggers are also needed. One of those
triggers might be the battery of vaccinations that young children receive. Using regression
analysis and controlling for family income and ethnicity, the relationship between the proportion
of children who received the recommended vaccines by age 2 years and the prevalence of
autism (AUT) or speech or language impairment (SLI) in each U.S. state from 2001 and 2007
was determined. A positive and statistically significant relationship was found: The higher the
proportion of children receiving recommended vaccinations, the higher was the prevalence
of AUT or SLI. A 1% increase in vaccination was associated with an additional 680 children
having AUT or SLI. Neither parental behavior nor access to care affected the results, since
vaccination proportions were not significantly related (statistically) to any other disability or
to the number of pediatricians in a U.S. state. The results suggest that although mercury has
been removed from many vaccines, other culprits may link vaccines to autism. Further study into the relationship between vaccines and autism is warranted
full text: http://www.theoneclickgroup.co.uk/documents/vaccines/Vaccine%20and%20Autism%20correlation%20US%202011%20J%20Tox%20Env%20Health.pdf
“CDC officials discuss neurological damage from vaccines in secret meeting – Simpsonwood”
You can read this clearly for yourself if you access the pdf transcript that was obtained via FOIA
http://therefusers.com/refusers-newsroom/cdc-officials-discuss-neurological-damage-from-vaccines-in-secret-meeting-simpsonwood/#.UYM4l07D_IV
“The odds of having a history of asthma was twice as great among vaccinated subjects than among unvaccinated subjects The odds of having had any allergy-related respiratory symptom in the past 12 months was 63% greater among vaccinated subjects than unvaccinated subjects”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10714532
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16940266
Persistence of maternal antibody in infants beyond 12 months: Mechanism of measles vaccine failure
A serologic study was made in 34 children immunized against measles at the age of 12 months. Using a sensitive virus neutralization test, it was found that many of the children had pre-existing maternal antibody to measles virus. (this was written in 1977 back when mothers were actually passing immunity to their children..this is just an example of natural immunity being passed from mother to child..something that vaccination cannot and will not ever do.)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022347677810214
The study, which analyzed data from 2009-2011, found that white, college-educated mothers over the age of 35 were most likely to report that they had delayed or skipped immunizations for their children. There’s no consensus as to why that is the case, Young said. [hmmm..lets try to help them come to a clear consensus.. could intellence level be a factor? could age play a role because mothers over 35 have had more time to witness what vaccination can do?]
Read more here: http://www.adn.com/2013/04/22/2875131/more-alaskans-hesitant-about-vaccines.html#storylink=cpy
“A Positive Association found between Autism Prevalence and Childhood Vaccination uptake across the U.S. Population”
The reason for the rapid rise of autism in the United States that began in the 1990s is
a mystery. Although individuals probably have a genetic predisposition to develop autism,
researchers suspect that one or more environmental triggers are also needed. One of those
triggers might be the battery of vaccinations that young children receive. Using regression
analysis and controlling for family income and ethnicity, the relationship between the proportion
of children who received the recommended vaccines by age 2 years and the prevalence of
autism (AUT) or speech or language impairment (SLI) in each U.S. state from 2001 and 2007
was determined. A positive and statistically significant relationship was found: The higher the
proportion of children receiving recommended vaccinations, the higher was the prevalence
of AUT or SLI. A 1% increase in vaccination was associated with an additional 680 children
having AUT or SLI. Neither parental behavior nor access to care affected the results, since
vaccination proportions were not significantly related (statistically) to any other disability or
to the number of pediatricians in a U.S. state. The results suggest that although mercury has
been removed from many vaccines, other culprits may link vaccines to autism. Further study into the relationship between vaccines and autism is warranted
full text: http://www.theoneclickgroup.co.uk/documents/vaccines/Vaccine%20and%20Autism%20correlation%20US%202011%20J%20Tox%20Env%20Health.pdf
“CDC officials discuss neurological damage from vaccines in secret meeting – Simpsonwood”
You can read this clearly for yourself if you access the pdf transcript that was obtained via FOIA
http://therefusers.com/refusers-newsroom/cdc-officials-discuss-neurological-damage-from-vaccines-in-secret-meeting-simpsonwood/#.UYM4l07D_IV
“The odds of having a history of asthma was twice as great among vaccinated subjects than among unvaccinated subjects The odds of having had any allergy-related respiratory symptom in the past 12 months was 63% greater among vaccinated subjects than unvaccinated subjects”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10714532
PubMed
Two successive outbreaks of mumps in Nova Scotia among vaccinated adolescents and young adults - PubMed
The predominance in these outbreaks of infected people of university age not only highlights an environment with potential for increased transmission but also raises questions about the efficacy of the MMR vaccine. The people affected may represent a "lost…
Nanomaterials can be transported by monocyte-lineage cells to DLNs, blood and spleen, and, similarly to HIV, may use CCL2-dependent mechanisms to penetrate the brain. This occurs at a very low rate in normal conditions explaining good overall tolerance of alum despite its strong neurotoxic potential. However, continuously escalating doses of this poorly biodegradable adjuvant in the population may become insidiously unsafe, especially in the case of overimmunization or immature/altered blood brain barrier or high constitutive CCL-2 production.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/99
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my response to a friend who fears vaccination and is unsure what to do.
May 5, 2013
In "thinking free"
Pediatricians Receive Regular Requests for Alternative Child Immunization Schedules..really!!?
January 20, 2013
In "thinking free"
what excactly is in that?
March 8, 2013
In "thinking free"
• Posted by the referbished rogue in vaccination
Post navigation
← regarding tdap and pregnancy..is an autism coverup to blame?
Read the back of your toothpaste – fluoride IS poison. if there’s doubt – GET IT OUT! →
57 thoughts on “my list of peer reviewed vaccine research”
sandy fleming May 4, 2013 at 12:59 am this is amazing to say the least. Reply
the referbished rogue May 4, 2013 at 1:34 am I am glad that you think so 🙂 I hope that it comes in handy for you in the future Reply
Jyothi May 4, 2013 at 1:40 pm Thanks so much for putting this together! Have bookmarked and will share! Reply
the referbished rogue May 4, 2013 at 1:44 pm yourwelcome! thank you so much..one person at a time.. getting the word out is how it started..and I am so thankful to whoever it was that spoke out first 🙂 I feel honored to have been “awakened”.. God bless. – briana Reply
Ravi May 4, 2013 at 4:38 pm Great information all in one place. Thanks for posting and definitely sharing. BTW, the reason Polio disappeared from the map was also because the CDC renamed the disease to Aseptic Viral meningitis and also Acute Flaccid Paralysis. You can see that just about these two diseases were brought forth the numbers for these went up while the numbers for polio disappeared. Not sure if this was mentioned in the article (did not read all of it yet :)). Thanks again Reply
the referbished rogue May 4, 2013 at 5:07 pm Ravi, thank you so very much for reminding me about this! unfortunately, this list is what survived a computer crash and then a new computer. I lost so so so much stuff..so much knowledge forgotten..but, I don’t mind it all that much..i look forward to finding them all again. The renaming of polio scam did not make it on my list, I don’t think. I remember reading about it a long time ago on an ‘InsideVaccines’ post and it led me to find the studies and such..but apparently that lead is just one of many lost 😦 but now that you have reminded me of it..im off to do some research and will hopefully be adding this to my list tonight. any thing else you’d like to remind me of? ha 🙂 God bless – briana Reply
Sheri Nakken, former RN, MA, Hahnemannian Homeopath November 17, 2013 at 7:01 pm and also wherever polio was, there was DDT use http://www.wellwithin1.com/Polio.West.htm
Gayl H May 4, 2013 at 6:32 pm What a great start! Like you, I have read 100s if not thousands of articles, and have been trying to put together a compendium such as this on paper/computer, but didn’t think of archiving them like this! Excellent “abstracting” of the articles as well! This is a tremendous service to all who are trying to research vaccine safety 🙂 Reply
the referbished rogue May 4, 2013 at 7:40 pm I am just overwhelmed by all the kind comments.. thank you Gayl H. When ever you get yours completed I would love to take a peek. if you remember me then..let me know 🙂 -briana Reply
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/99
Advertisement
The Role of Spiritual Enlightenment a...
An Analogy with Butterfly Metamorphosis Today’s discourse touches upon the in...
Share this:
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Related
my response to a friend who fears vaccination and is unsure what to do.
May 5, 2013
In "thinking free"
Pediatricians Receive Regular Requests for Alternative Child Immunization Schedules..really!!?
January 20, 2013
In "thinking free"
what excactly is in that?
March 8, 2013
In "thinking free"
• Posted by the referbished rogue in vaccination
Post navigation
← regarding tdap and pregnancy..is an autism coverup to blame?
Read the back of your toothpaste – fluoride IS poison. if there’s doubt – GET IT OUT! →
57 thoughts on “my list of peer reviewed vaccine research”
sandy fleming May 4, 2013 at 12:59 am this is amazing to say the least. Reply
the referbished rogue May 4, 2013 at 1:34 am I am glad that you think so 🙂 I hope that it comes in handy for you in the future Reply
Jyothi May 4, 2013 at 1:40 pm Thanks so much for putting this together! Have bookmarked and will share! Reply
the referbished rogue May 4, 2013 at 1:44 pm yourwelcome! thank you so much..one person at a time.. getting the word out is how it started..and I am so thankful to whoever it was that spoke out first 🙂 I feel honored to have been “awakened”.. God bless. – briana Reply
Ravi May 4, 2013 at 4:38 pm Great information all in one place. Thanks for posting and definitely sharing. BTW, the reason Polio disappeared from the map was also because the CDC renamed the disease to Aseptic Viral meningitis and also Acute Flaccid Paralysis. You can see that just about these two diseases were brought forth the numbers for these went up while the numbers for polio disappeared. Not sure if this was mentioned in the article (did not read all of it yet :)). Thanks again Reply
the referbished rogue May 4, 2013 at 5:07 pm Ravi, thank you so very much for reminding me about this! unfortunately, this list is what survived a computer crash and then a new computer. I lost so so so much stuff..so much knowledge forgotten..but, I don’t mind it all that much..i look forward to finding them all again. The renaming of polio scam did not make it on my list, I don’t think. I remember reading about it a long time ago on an ‘InsideVaccines’ post and it led me to find the studies and such..but apparently that lead is just one of many lost 😦 but now that you have reminded me of it..im off to do some research and will hopefully be adding this to my list tonight. any thing else you’d like to remind me of? ha 🙂 God bless – briana Reply
Sheri Nakken, former RN, MA, Hahnemannian Homeopath November 17, 2013 at 7:01 pm and also wherever polio was, there was DDT use http://www.wellwithin1.com/Polio.West.htm
Gayl H May 4, 2013 at 6:32 pm What a great start! Like you, I have read 100s if not thousands of articles, and have been trying to put together a compendium such as this on paper/computer, but didn’t think of archiving them like this! Excellent “abstracting” of the articles as well! This is a tremendous service to all who are trying to research vaccine safety 🙂 Reply
the referbished rogue May 4, 2013 at 7:40 pm I am just overwhelmed by all the kind comments.. thank you Gayl H. When ever you get yours completed I would love to take a peek. if you remember me then..let me know 🙂 -briana Reply
BioMed Central
Slow CCL2-dependent translocation of biopersistent particles from muscle to brain - BMC Medicine
Background Long-term biodistribution of nanomaterials used in medicine is largely unknown. This is the case for alum, the most widely used vaccine adjuvant, which is a nanocrystalline compound spontaneously forming micron/submicron-sized agglomerates. Although…
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Twitter just deleted one of my vaccine videos…censorship still exists.
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Please share this with everyone you know. https://theendofcovid.com/ref/662/
The End of Covid
The End Of Covid - Free Replay Starts Oct. 1st
Starting on Oct. 1st, we’re re-releasing 100+ hours of content, covering every aspect of the “pandemic.” Sign up below and stream it for free until October 11th.
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There is an imposter on this account messaging people as if there are me. Please report
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Gender mutilation surgeries should absolutely be outlawed and at the very least, never pushed on our children. They are strictly cosmetic surgeries with no clinical objective findings that warrant the need for such surgeries. Any physician that pushes these procedures is guilty of malpractice. If a child’s genitals don’t determine their gender, how does removing them affirm it? 😎
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