Image Sensors contain Physical Device & Digitizer

convert the output of physical device
into digital form

digitizer convert the input of physical device
into digital form

sense the energy radiated by the
object we wish to image

Specialized Image Processing Hardware:
Perform some advanced operations
Perform functions that require slow data throughout

for relatively fast recall

for infrequent access

for use during processing

Most of the images in which we are interested
are generated by the combination of an
“illumination” source and the reflection or absorption of energy from that source by the elements of the “scene” being imaged

The output of most sensors is a ......
voltage waveform whose amplitude and
spatial behavior are related to the physical phenomenon being sensed.

To create a digital image, we need to convert
the continuous sensed data into digital form.
This involves two processes: sampling and quantization

Digitizing the coordinate values is called

Digitizing the amplitude values is
called

The amplitude of f at spatial coordinates (x, y) gives
the intensity (brightness) of the image at that point

The amount of source light
incident on the scene being viewed

The amount of light
reflected by the objects in the scene

The function f(x,y) may be characterized by
two components: .... & ......