Electronic devices manipulate electric current in a way that adds meaningful information to the

toaster may not contain an electronic thermostat

Length basic unit (SI)

Mass basic unit

Electric current basic unit

…. is the time rate of change of charge

1 ampere= 1coulomb * second

.............. is a current that varies sinusoidally with
time.

… is the energy required to move a unit charge through an element

Is the charge rate of change of energy

w is energy in ..

Energy: is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy

p = +vi

is the capacity to do work

is capable of generating energy

resistors, capacitors, and inductors

generators, batteries, and operational amplifiers.

independent source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current.

.. are usually designated by diamond-shaped symbols.

… is an active element that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables.

The resistance is a material property which can’t be changed if the internal or external conditions of the element are altered