if number of bits in the packet = 15 , transmission rate = 3 Then Packet transmission delay =

Bidirectional multiple frequency channels on cable.

Coaxial cable used

Fiber Optic supports:

has a single light path and is used commonly for high-speed :. transmission over long distances

Radio has the following characteristics

Internal modem is separate from computer.

Hub has the transmission mode of

Hub provide extra security .

often has an antenna.

Network layer has responsibility of transferring datagram from one node to physically adjacent node over a link.

Broadcast channels: connect multiple hosts in access networks.

PPP is

with half duplex, nodes at both ends of link can transmit, at same time.

the sending controller performs error detection based on error checking bits that were added by the sending controller.

In ppp we have

broadcast link can have multiple sending and receiving nodes all connected to the same, single, shared broadcast channel.

If more than two nodes transmjt frames at the same time, all nodes receive multiple frames at the same time; that causes a----------------

broadcast ;. channel is wasted during the collision interval