into relation schemas has a significant effect on storage space

When information is stored redundantly, this will lead to

Update anomalies

Insertion anomalies can be differentiated into … types

The problem of deletion anomalies is related to the second insertion anomaly situation just discussed.

.........is the process of organizing data in a database

Goal of Normalization

Database Normalization is a database schema design technique, by which an existing schema is modified to maximize redundancy and dependency of data

Normalization split a … table into … tables and define relationships between them to increases
the clarity in organizing data.

Normalization … clarity in organizing data in Databases

Normalization of a Database is achieved by following a set of rules called …. in creating the database

The constraint is that, for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r that have: t1[X] = t2[X], they must also have

If X→Y in R, this says Y→X in R

We also say that there is a functional dependency from X to Y, or that Y is functionally dependent on X

The normal form of a relation refers to the....normal form condition that it meets, and hence indicates the degree to which it has been normalized.

A series of normal form tests can be carried out on individual relation schemas so that the relational database can be normalized to any desired degree.

This means that the values of the Y component of a tuple in r depend on, or are determined by, the values of the X component

The database normalization process is divided into

First Normal Form [1NF] Every column of a table should contain only atomic values. An atomic value is a value that cannot be divided further.

database is said to be in first normal form if it satisfies the following conditions: