data is processed information

..... is the lowest level of knowledge

Data by itself alone is not significant

Information by itself alone is not significant

analysis and processing are done to obtain information

Data is the second level of knowledge

FILE BASED SYSTEM is One way to keep information on a computer is to store it in permanent files.

foreign key can have null values

..... is simply a collection of records, which contains logically related data

......... contains a logically connected set of one or more fields

File represents some characteristic of the real-world object that is being modelled

FILE-BASED SYSTEMS DISADVANTAGES:

Database is an organized shared collection of related data used to support the activities of a particular organization.

Traditional database applications

Multimedia databases

Data warehouses systems:

........ is data about data

In Data Base information stored in the catalog is called Meta-Data,

NOSQL systems require meta-data.

In DB insulation between the programs and data is also called program-data independence.