A general join condition is of the form <condition> AND <condition> AND...AND <condition>

The general form is R÷ S to apply this operation the relation S must not be subset of Relation R.

An intuitive property of the division operator of the relational algebra is simply that it is the inverse of the Cartesian product.

There are two levels at which we can discuss the goodness of relation schemas

The first is the implementation (or conceptual) level

The second is the physical storage level

How users interpret the relation schemas and the meaning of their attributes.

One goal of schema design is to maximize the storage space used by the base relations

Grouping attributes into relation schemas has a significant effect on storage space.

When information is stored redundantly, this will lead to: save storage space

Cause problems with update anomalies that can be classified into

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database

Database Normalization is a database schema design technique, by which an existing schema is modified to maximize redundancy and dependency of data.

Normalization split a large table into smaller tables and define relationships between them

Normalization .......... clarity in organizing data in Databases

A functional dependency, denoted by X → Y, between two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R

This means that the values of the... component of a tuple in r depend on, or are determined by, the values of the .... component.

Database Normalization can be considered a process of analyzing the given relation schemas to achieve the desirable properties of: