Quantitative data can be displayed in many common ways such as a histogram or a polygon

A ............ can be drawn for a frequency distribution, a relative frequency distribution,
or a percentage distribution

The bars in a histogram are drawn adjacent to each other with gap between them

A histogram can assume any one of a large number of shapes. The most common of these shapes are

SHAPES OF HISTOGRAMS

SHAPES OF HISTOGRAMS

A graph formed by joining the midpoints of the tops of successive bars in a histogram with straight lines is called a polygon.

In a stem-and-leaf display of qualitative data, each value is divided into two portions: a stem and a lea

One of the simplest methods for graphing and understanding quantitative data is to create a dotplot.

Dotplots can help us detect outliers (extreme values) in a data set.

An advantage of a stem-and-leaf display over a frequency distribution is that by preparing a stem-and-leaf display we do lose information on individual observations

Data sets consist of measurements collected over time at regular intervals so that we can learn about change over time

A time-series plot can be constructed by thinking of the data set as a Trivariate data set

are presented in the form of a frequency distribution table.

Ungrouped data: data that gives information on each member of the population or sample individually.

Mean for population data:

mean =

the value of the sample mean 𝑥 varies from sample to sample