There are two basic logical operations: AND and OR.

NOT operation is represented by a prime.

( X' = Z ) means that Z is what X is not.

In the earliest computers, switches were opened and closed by magnetic fields produced by energizing coils in relays. The switches, in turn, opened and closed the current paths.

Simplify : (A+B)' . (A' + B' )' =

Minimize the following boolean function : F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(1 , 3 , 5, 7 , 9 ) + Σd(6 , 12 , 13 )

simplify the boolean expression: A' B' C' D' + A C' D' + B' C D' + A' B C D + B C' D

n variables can be combined to form .......... minterms

with integrated circuits it's the count of gates that determines the cost

uses only one full adder and a storage device to hold the generated output carry

The parallel method uses .. full adder circuits

The above image represents a .. bit full adder circuit

the signal must propagate through the gates before the correct output sum is available in the output terminals

total propagation time = propagation delay times and number of gate levels in the circuit

A decimal adder requires a mnimum of .. inputs and .. outputs since .. bits are required to code each decimal digit