The main issue with semaphores is the busy loop in the signal() which eats CPU cycles without
accomplishing anything useful

semaphore implementation with no busy waiting there’s an associated waiting queue

remove one of processes in the waiting queue and place it in the ready queue

place the process invoking the operation on the appropriate waiting queue

two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for an event that can be caused by only one of the
waiting processes

indefinite blocking

A process may never be removed from the semaphore queue in which it is suspended

Mutual exclusion can be provided by the....

A …. system allows another process to use the CPU when the current process has to wait for I/O,
thereby making full use of otherwise lost CPU cycles.

in a multi-processor system only one process can run at a time. Other processes must wait until the
CPU is free and can be rescheduled

selects from among the processes in ready queue, and allocates the CPU to one of them

When a process switches from running to waiting state – This scheduling is

When a process switches from running to ready state – This scheduling is

When a process switches from waiting to ready state – This scheduling is

When a process terminates – This scheduling is

time it takes for the dispatcher to stop one process and start another running

time required for a particular process to complete, from submission time to completion

Exit time - Arrival time