The operation of each individual component as part of the structure

The way in which the components are interrelated

image conversion is an example of indexing

indexing is the indexing of large datasets created by Web crawler engines

when data are received from or delivered to a device that is directly connected to the computer, the process is known as input–output (I/O), and the device is referred to as a peripheral.

computer must temporarily store at least those pieces of data that are being worked on at any given moment. Equally important, the computer performs a long-term data storage function (Files of data)

Data may take a wide variety of forms, and the range of processing requirements is broad

Within the computer, a control unit manages the computer’s resources and orchestrates the performance of its functional parts in response to instructions

provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O

Moves data between the computer and its external environment

Stores data

Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions; often simply referred to as processor

Some mechanism that provides for communication among the control unit, ALU, and registers

Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer

Performs the computer’s data processing functions

Provides storage internal to the CPU

control unit consists of

stores microprogram

stores instructions and data

User/Modified

System/ROM