bombs are an example of a threat to ...

a program that has a secret entry point

A specific type of trojan horse that can be used to spread infection from one computer to another

A program that overtly does one thing while covertly doing another

makes information accessible to unintended people or programs

..... concentrate mainly in addressing a vulnerability to reduce the probability of an attack or the impact of a threat

computer networks are both fragile and strong

A network removes most of the clues such as apperance, voice, context by which we recognize acquaintances

In some networks one or both end, intermediate points involved in a given communication maybe machines with only minimal human supervision

Many networks connect endpoints that are physically far apart. Althought not all network connection involv distance, the speed of communication is fast enough that humans usually can't tell whether a remote site is near or far

because the dimension of the distance is hidden users can't tell whether a remote host is in the next door or in a different country in the same way users they can't distinguish whether they are connected to which kind of node office,home,school, wherever

A network combines two or more possibly dissimilar operating systems, Threfore a network operating/control system is likely to be more complex than an operating system for a single computing system

Threat to a computer System

modification, fabrication represent the failure of

Unauthorized creation

Interception represents a failure of

Interruption represents a failure of

DOS is an example of interruption

Many points of attack both targets and origins. A simple computing system is a self-contained unit

The administrator has no control over other hosts in the network. Thus, the user must depend on the access control mechanisms in each of these systems. attack can come from any host to any host so that a large network offers many points of vulnerability

Because networks enable resource and work load sharing, more users have the potential to access networked systems than on single computers