there are various views of computer systems
 User’s view
 Programmer’s view  Architect’s view  Implementer’s view

there are several types of computers like
• Embedded computers
• Personal computers • Servers and Enterprise systems • Supercomputers and Grid computers • “Cloud” computing

... View of Computer System sees it as
Application software
System software System Hardware

used for running larger programs for multiple
users or programs that require continuous online access.
They are typically accessed only via a network

A class of computers with the highest
performance and cost. They are configured as servers and
typically cost millions of dollars

designed for use by an
individual, usually incorporating a graphics display,
keyboard, and mouse

are inside another device used for
running one predetermined application or collection of
software. Examples: cell phones, video games, digital TVs, PDAs, etc.

increasing level of abstraction

assembly languages are

Depends on the type and level of language used

High-level languages/application programs are

Assembly language is human readable

Assembly language is native to a processor

Assembly language is One-to-one correspondence with most machine
language instructions

Assembly language Consists of alphabet 1s and 0s

Assembly language is Slightly higher-level language compared to machine language

Readability of machine language instructions is
much better than the assembly language instructions

Machine language instructions are a sequence of 1s and 0s

C7060C002D00
is an example of a code written in

Assemblers translate between High-level and
machine languages