Government Debt - Staatsschulden / Schulden - Deuda gubernamental - Dívida Governamental - Dette gouvernementale - Debito
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Total debt Poland: 1.3 trio = 260k CHF
Public debt Poland: 1.2 trio https://perma.cc/R64J-AR8X

At the end of the first quarter of 2023 the consolidated public debt (according to the domestic definition) stood at PLN 1,209,798.0 million and compared with
with the end of 2022 it rose by PLN 192.7 million (+0.02%).

At the end of the first quarter of 2023 the general government debt (EDP debt, part of the government finance Maastricht criterion) was at PLN 1,531,780.5 million.

At the end of the first quarter of 2023, the general government debt to GDP ratio amounted to 48.1%, down by 1.0 percentage points compared with the end of 2022.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023 the consolidated public debt (according to domestic definition) stood at PLN 1,241.6 billion and compared with:
• the previous quarter it rose by 31.7 billion (+2.6%);
• the end of 2022 it rose by PLN 32.1 billion (+2.7%) https://perma.cc/4RBF-5MGC

The highest ratios of government debt to GDP at the end of the first quarter of 2023 were recorded in Greece (168.3%), Italy (143.5%), Portugal (113.8%), Spain (112.8%), France (112.4%) and Belgium (107.4%),
and the lowest in Estonia (17.2%), Bulgaria (22.5%), Luxembourg (28.0%) and Denmark (29.4%).

In 2014-2019, the public debt-to-GDP ratio decreased from over 48% to less than 44% in Poland https://perma.cc/6E9X-K43P

Poland sees general government debt rising to 58.7% of GDP by 2027 https://perma.cc/D3FZ-BJWM

Poland: National debt in relation to gross domestic product (GDP) from 2018 to 2028 https://perma.cc/WYG8-36QU

State aid: Commission approves €1 billion Polish scheme to support agricultural producers in the context of Russia's war against Ukraine https://perma.cc/7VMR-MHRX

Poland’s recovery and resilience plan https://perma.cc/3F8E-PURH

Poland: PLN 770 billion plus – Poland set to receive even more funds from the European Union https://perma.cc/6CKF-8BH9

More about Poland
https://t.me/FinanceFactsTelegram/523
https://t.me/EnergyFactsTelegram/528
https://t.me/PollutionFacts/937
A 17.5 billion euro EU "just transition fund" is designed to support communities affected by the shift away from fossil fuels, notably with help for retraining workers. The biggest share of that fund is earmarked for Poland https://perma.cc/98PY-G4HY

Poland files lawsuit against key EU climate policies https://perma.cc/RM3T-MZ9N
But Warsaw is contesting those laws, now aiming to overthrow some of them in court – including the hard-won agreement on banning the sale of new combustion engine cars by 2035 ...
while Poland is one of the worst country about climate change

Poles are less concerned about climate change than their fellow Europeans https://perma.cc/4887-V9DJ

EU leaders have agreed on a more ambitious goal for cutting greenhouse gases - reducing them by 55% by 2030, rather than 40%.
Poland, heavily reliant on coal, won a pledge of EU funding to help it transition to clean energy https://perma.cc/VU6Z-EJ3W

From coal to consensus: Poland’s energy transition and its European future https://perma.cc/P95H-BTTT

‘Climate crisis fuelled by PGE’. Poland opens new coal power plant https://perma.cc/X623-N96J

Greenpeace Poland has sued the biggest CO2 emitter in the country, PGE GiEK, a company belonging to PGE group – an owner of i.a. coal power plants and coal mines in Bełchatów and Turów https://perma.cc/YS3Z-URZZ

Poland: CO2 Country Profile https://perma.cc/796P-D4DT
https://t.me/PollutionFacts/937

The country generates 10.5% of the EU's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Emissions were stable over the 2005-2019 period, with only small annual variations.

In 2019, Polish per capita emissions were at an average of 10.4 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), a figure that was above the EU average of 8.4 tonnes and the eighth highest.

US offers Poland rare loan of $2 billion to modernize its military https://perma.cc/ZTD4-2HXC

Poland estimates its aid for Ukraine at EUR 6.4 bln, in 2022 alone https://perma.cc/M5ZG-EMMZ

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