26– redundancies (noun) – people losing their jobs
Example: The recession led to compulsory redundancies.

27– voluntary redundancy (noun) – losing your job by offering to leave
Example: She accepted voluntary redundancy.

28– compulsory redundancy (noun) – losing your job without choice
Example: Some workers faced compulsory redundancy.

29– strike (noun) – when workers stop working as protest
Example: The strike lasted for three days.

30– skeleton staff (noun) – minimum number of workers needed
Example: The office ran with a skeleton staff during the holiday.

31– interview panel (noun) – group of people interviewing someone
Example: The interview panel asked difficult questions.

Future Perfect Tense

1- What is Future Perfect?

The future perfect tense is used to talk about an action that will be completed before a specific time in the future.

2- Structure / Form

Affirmative Positive
Subject + will have + past participle PP.

Examples
I will have finished my homework.
She will have left by tomorrow.
They will have completed the project.

Negative
Subject + will not have + PP.

Examples
I will not have finished my homework.
He will not have arrived yet.

Interrogative Questions
Will + subject + have + PP?

Examples
Will you have finished your work?
Will she have arrived by then?

3- Uses

a) Completed action before a future time

Examples
I will have eaten before you come.
She will have finished the exam by 10 am.

b) To show deadlines or plans

Examples
They will have built the house by next year.
We will have completed the course by June.

c) To guess or predict something in the past (future view)

Examples
He will have arrived by now.
They will have heard the news already.

4- Time Expressions
by, by the time, before, already, by tomorrow, by next year

Examples
By the time you arrive, I will have finished.
She will have already left.

5- Future Perfect vs Future Simple

Future Perfect = completed before future time

Future Simple = just future action

Examples
I will finish my homework.
I will have finished my homework by 8 pm.

6- Important Notes

Use past participle V3 such as done, gone, eaten, seen.
We often use “by” to show deadline

Example
By 2026, I will have graduated.

7- Common Mistakes

I will have finish my work is not correct.
I will have finished my work is correct.

She will has finished is not correct.
She will have finished is correct.

Food & Eating Idioms

1- Piece of cake – very easy
Example: The exam was a piece of cake.

2- Spill the beans – reveal a secret
Example: He spilled the beans about the surprise.

3- Take something with a grain of salt – not take something too seriously
Example: Take his advice with a grain of salt.

4- Bite off more than you can chew – take on more than you can handle
Example: She bit off more than she could chew with that project.

5- Bring home the bacon – earn money for the family
Example: He works hard to bring home the bacon.

6- Cool as a cucumber – very calm
Example: She stayed cool as a cucumber during the exam.

7- Cry over spilled milk – be upset about something that can’t be changed
Example: Don’t cry over spilled milk.

8- Have bigger fish to fry – have more important things to do
Example: I can’t go out; I have bigger fish to fry.

9- In a nutshell – in a short and simple way
Example: In a nutshell, the plan didn’t work.

10- The icing on the cake – an extra good thing
Example: The bonus was the icing on the cake.