21– repetitive (adjective) – the same thing is repeated every day
Example: Factory work can be repetitive.

22– knock off (phrasal verb, informal) – finish work
Example: I usually knock off at five o’clock.

23– night shift (noun) – working during the night
Example: He prefers the night shift because it’s quieter.

24– monotonous (adjective) – boring because it never changes
Example: Data entry can be monotonous.

25– satisfying (adjective) – makes you feel pleased by providing what you need
Example: It’s not a very satisfying job.

26– challenging (adjective) – tests your ability or determination
Example: I need a more challenging role.

27– glamorous (adjective) – very exciting and admired
Example: Being a pilot sounds glamorous.

28– anti-social hours (noun phrase) – hours that do not enable a normal social life
Example: Nurses often work anti-social hours.

29– long-haul flights (noun) – long-distance flights
Example: Long-haul flights can be exhausting.

30– mind-numbing (adjective) – extremely boring
Example: The journey was long and mind-numbing.

31– tight schedules (noun phrase) – very strict timetables
Example: We work to very tight schedules.

32– stuck in a rut (phrase) – stuck/trapped in a job you can’t escape from
Example: He feels stuck in a rut in his current job.

33– dead-end job (noun) – job with no prospects of promotion
Example: She left her dead-end job to find better opportunities.

34– technician (noun) – person whose job involves practical work with equipment
Example: He started off as a technician.

35– retrain (verb) – train again for a different job
Example: She retrained as a software developer.

36– go into partnership (verb phrase) – form a business with someone
Example: They went into partnership and started a company.

37– start-up (noun) – a small business that has just started
Example: The company began as a small start-up in 2009.

38– self-employed (adjective) – working for yourself
Example: She is self-employed and runs her own business.

39– freelance (adjective/adverb) – works for several companies when needed
Example: He works freelance as a computer programmer.

40– computer programmer (noun) – someone who writes computer programs
Example: A computer programmer develops software applications.

Reading Passage

Public Transportation

Public transportation plays an important role in modern cities. Buses, trains, and subways help millions of people travel every day. They are often cheaper and more environmentally friendly than private cars.

One major advantage of public transportation is that it reduces traffic.
When more people use buses or trains, there are fewer cars on the road. This helps decrease air pollution and saves time during busy hours.

However, public transportation also has some disadvantages. It can be crowded, especially during peak times. In addition, delays and limited schedules can cause problems for passengers who need to arrive on time.

Despite these challenges, many cities are improving their transportation systems by adding more routes and modern vehicles. This makes public transport a better choice for the future.

Nature & Animal Idioms

1- Let the cat out of the bag – reveal a secret
Example: He let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party.

2- Kill two birds with one stone – achieve two things at once
Example: I killed two birds with one stone by studying while traveling.

3- A fish out of water – feel uncomfortable in a situation
Example: I felt like a fish out of water at the new school.

4- The lion’s share – the largest part
Example: He took the lion’s share of the money.

5- Cry wolf – give a false alarm
Example: If you keep crying wolf, no one will believe you.

6- Hold your horses – wait or be patient
Example: Hold your horses! We’re not ready yet.

7- Straight from the horse’s mouth – from a reliable source
Example: I heard the news straight from the horse’s mouth.

8- A snake in the grass – a hidden enemy
Example: He seemed friendly, but he was a snake in the grass.

9- Eagle eye – very sharp vision or attention
Example: The teacher has an eagle eye for mistakes.

10- Busy as a bee – very busy
Example: She is as busy as a bee preparing for the event.

Reading Passage

The Role of Technology in Daily Life

Technology has become an important part of daily life. People use smartphones, computers, and the internet for communication, work, and entertainment. These tools make life easier and faster in many ways.

One of the main benefits of technology is communication. People can send messages, make video calls, and share information instantly, even if they are far away. Technology also helps students learn through online resources and educational apps.

However, technology also has some negative effects. Spending too much time on devices can reduce physical activity and affect health. In addition, some people become too dependent on technology and find it difficult to live without it.

In conclusion, technology plays a major role in modern life. While it offers many benefits, people should use it wisely and maintain a healthy balance.