𝕃𝔼𝔾𝔸𝕃 β„‚π•Œβ„β„π”Όβ„•π•‹ π”Έπ”½π”½π”Έπ•€β„π•Š 𝔹π•ͺ- ℕ𝕒π•₯𝕦𝕣𝕒𝕝 𝕁𝕦𝕀π•₯π•šπ•”π•– β„’
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β€œA”'s mobile was theft. Later β€œA” found his mobile in β€œX” Pocket. A caught β€œX” and take him to police station.

Police Officer ask β€œX” what you do with stolen property. β€œX” told there is β€œY” shop who deals with stolen mobiles.

Police Officer & β€œA” told, keep this mobile and go to β€œY” shop crack deal. We will caught β€œY” also.

β€œX” goes to β€œY” shop and crack deal. In consequences β€œY” arrested.

β€œY” prosecuted for S. 411 IPC

β€œY” contended that, as per S. 410 IPC, the moment property goes back to Owner, then property will not be categorised as Stolen Property.

Therefore, β€œA” himself gives his mobile to β€œX” and there is No Theft, so No Stolen Property Offence.

⚑ Determine the Liability of β€œY” as Trial Court Magistrate
πŸ‘¨πŸ»β€βš–οΈπŸ‘¨β€βš–οΈ

1. Theft
2. Criminal Breach of Trust
3. Receiving Stolen
Property
4. No Offence


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⚑ Jammu and kashmir reservation and reorganization bill passed by lok sabha

πŸ’―Jammu and Kashmir Reservation (Amendment) Bill, 2023 modifies the Jammu and Kashmir Reservation Act, 2004, which governs reservations in jobs and admissions to professional institutions for members of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and socially and educationally backward classes. Key features include the replacement of the phrase "weak and under-privileged classes" with "other backward classes" as declared by the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The bill eliminates the original definition of weak and under-privileged classes.

πŸ’―On the other hand, Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill, 2023 amends the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which facilitated the reorganisation of the erstwhile state into the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. This bill proposes to increase the total number of seats in the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly from 83 to 90, of which seven would be reserved for scheduled caste members and nine seats for legislators from scheduled tribes. Other features include the power of the lieutenant governor to nominate up to two members from the Kashmiri migrant community to the legislative assembly, with one nominee being a woman. Additionally, one member representing displaced persons from Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir may be nominated.

πŸ“"Kashmiri Migrants" are defined as persons who migrated from the Kashmir Valley or any other part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir after November 1, 1989, and are registered with the Relief Commissioner.

During the discussion yesterday, several members of the opposition opposed the passing of the bill when the Supreme Court's judgment on the validity of the J&K Reorganisation Act 2019 and the abrogation of Article 370 is awaited. The opposition also questioned why elections have not been held in J&K for four years since the abrogation of the special status of the region.

Why 1989 Year is chosen by the bill drafters?

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𝕃𝔼𝔾𝔸𝕃 β„‚π•Œβ„β„π”Όβ„•π•‹ π”Έπ”½π”½π”Έπ•€β„π•Š 𝔹π•ͺ- ℕ𝕒π•₯𝕦𝕣𝕒𝕝 𝕁𝕦𝕀π•₯π•šπ•”π•– β„’
Judicial Review Of Film Reviews https://www.livelaw.in/articles/judicial-review-of-film-reviews-right-to-speech-expression-article-19-constitution-243792
Bhagwati Charan Shukla v. Provincial Government AIR 1947 wherein it was held that:

β€œβ€¦. That the effect of the words must be judged from the standards of reasonable, strong-minded, firm and courageous men, and not those of weak and vacillating minds, nor of those who scent danger in every hostile point of view. This in our opinion, is the correct approach in judging the effect of exhibition of a film or of reading a book. It is the standard of ordinary reasonable man or as they say in English law, 'the man on the top of a Clampham omnibus”

#Copyright_act #IPR
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Working_a_democratic_constitution_a_history_of_the_Indian_Austin.pdf
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Working a democratic constitution_ a history of the Indian -- Austin, Granville -- Volume 2, 2003 -- Delhi ; Oxford_

πŸ˜‰For specific topic on history of our constitution after 1950 you can read some articles.

Constituent Assembly debates summary
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