𝕃𝔼𝔾𝔸𝕃 β„‚π•Œβ„β„π”Όβ„•π•‹ π”Έπ”½π”½π”Έπ•€β„π•Š 𝔹π•ͺ- ℕ𝕒π•₯𝕦𝕣𝕒𝕝 𝕁𝕦𝕀π•₯π•šπ•”π•– β„’
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𝕃𝔼𝔾𝔸𝕃 β„‚π•Œβ„β„π”Όβ„•π•‹ π”Έπ”½π”½π”Έπ•€β„π•Š 𝔹π•ͺ- ℕ𝕒π•₯𝕦𝕣𝕒𝕝 𝕁𝕦𝕀π•₯π•šπ•”π•– β„’
If passport not a proof of citizenship, what is? What India's various laws say πŸ”— #express_explained
Passport and birth certificate hold high probative value than other documents but still not conclusive.

Given that a passport is issued only to Indian citizens and is accepted abroad, in practice, it is among the strongest pieces of evidence that a person is an Indian citizen.
However, legally, its status as a citizenship document is complicated by the Passports Act itself. Section 20 of the Act empowers the Central government to issue a passport or travel document even to a person who is not an Indian citizen if it considers such issuance necessary in the public interest
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𝕃𝔼𝔾𝔸𝕃 β„‚π•Œβ„β„π”Όβ„•π•‹ π”Έπ”½π”½π”Έπ•€β„π•Š 𝔹π•ͺ- ℕ𝕒π•₯𝕦𝕣𝕒𝕝 𝕁𝕦𝕀π•₯π•šπ•”π•– β„’
42514_2024_3_1501_71888_Judgement_19-Jun-2026.pdf
πŸšΆπŸ›€οΈ Fundamental right to walk on demarcated footpaths alongside motorised roads.

This judgment missed to recognise right side walking as the normal rule instead of left side which also causes problem.

Hierarchy of Rights (necessary when proportionality test is considered in case of conflict it will prevail without any proportionality test)

We have started walking long before wheels were put on our path. The primary right of movement under Article 19(1)(d) is the Fundamental Right to Walk, a right that precedes the right to move on wheels and this precious right must extend to guaranteeing access to safe and well demarcated footpath. The citizen’s fundamental right to walk on a demarcated footpath is primary and shall have priority over movement by motorised vehicles.

Motor Vehicles Act,
1988, is not a legislation for protecting the right to walk on the footpath.

Need of New Law

For enforcement of this Right use 32/ 226, Motor vehicle Act and Sections 38-40 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 for the enforcement of public duties can be enforced against the Urban Development Authorities, Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, or the Panchayats.

Re: Fundamental Right to
Walk and Footpath, 2026
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𝕃𝔼𝔾𝔸𝕃 β„‚π•Œβ„β„π”Όβ„•π•‹ π”Έπ”½π”½π”Έπ•€β„π•Š 𝔹π•ͺ- ℕ𝕒π•₯𝕦𝕣𝕒𝕝 𝕁𝕦𝕀π•₯π•šπ•”π•– β„’
anil-markende-anr-v-state-of-chhattisgarh-682648.pdf
How Voice/Tape Recordings are made admissible?

Anil Markende v. State of Chhattisgarh, 2026 (Ch HC)

ο»Ώ1. The voice of the speaker must be duly identified.
2. The accuracy of the tape recorded statement has to be proved.
3. Every possibility of tampering with or erasure of a part of a tape recorded statement must be ruled out.
4. The recorded cassette must be carefully sealed and kept in safe or official custody.

Coupled with Certificate of Section 63.

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