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Some key Section number changes table.

New substantive changes table.

BNS punishment increase, fine increase and mandatory punishment table

Study 1 new criminal law at a time and read these simultaneously 3 -4 times.

@CurrentLegalGK
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Hemudan Nanbha Gadhvi Vs. State of Gujarat - (Supreme Court) (28 Sep 2018)
When there is omission to put material evidence to Accused by Trial Court, prosecution cannot be said to be guilty of not adducing or suppressing such evidence

The mere fact that, PW-2 may have turned hostile is not relevant and does not efface the evidence with regard to the sexual assault upon victim and the identification of the Appellant as the perpetrator. A criminal trial is but a quest for truth. The nature of inquiry and evidence required will depend on the facts of each case. The presumption of innocence will have to be balanced with the rights of the victim, and above all the societal interest for preservation of the Rule of law. Neither the Accused nor the victim can be permitted to subvert a criminal trial by stating falsehood and resort to contrivances, so as to make it the theatre of the absurd. Dispensation of justice in a criminal trial is a serious matter and cannot be allowed to become a mockery by simply allowing prime prosecution witnesses to turn hostile as a ground for acquittal, as observed in Zahira Habibullah Sheikh v. State of Gujarat and Mahila Vinod Kumari v. State of Madhya Pradesh. The serologist report was an expert opinion under Section 45 of the Evidence Act, 1872 and was therefore admissible in evidence without being marked an exhibit formally or having to be proved by oral evidence.




https://updates.manupatra.com/roundup/contentsummary.aspx?iid=17036
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#Question@CurrentLegalGK

Acceptance of benefit by owner amounts to confirmation by election __

1. When owner is aware of his duty to elect.
2. When owner is aware of his duty to elect and the circusmtance which will influence the iudgemnt of reasonable man in election.
3. When owner waives inquiry into the circumstances.
4. Either 2 or 3

Hint: S. 35 TPA
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𝕃𝔼𝔾𝔸𝕃 β„‚π•Œβ„β„π”Όβ„•π•‹ π”Έπ”½π”½π”Έπ•€β„π•Š 𝔹π•ͺ- ℕ𝕒π•₯𝕦𝕣𝕒𝕝 𝕁𝕦𝕀π•₯π•šπ•”π•– β„’
https://www.livemint.com/news/india/govt-to-bring-law-to-determine-working-hours-for-truck-drivers-11674056983876.html
πŸš›πŸš’ NOTE: This above promise of bringing a new law is of 2023.

You just read this excerpt and understand that we have a law no less than any European or american country it is just that it has no means of enforcement just a plain piece of paper, in USA they have detection mechanism device in the truck itself.


The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961 and the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, lays down the maximum number of hours that a truck driver can work without taking a break. According to the rules, a truck driver can work for a maximum of 8 hours in a day, after which they must take a break of at least 8 hours before they can start driving again. Additionally, they are not allowed to drive for more than 60 hours in a week

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