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The Constitution on minority rights   - The Hindu https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-constitution-on-minority-rights/article68995551.ece
πŸ‘¦ Important cases dealing with why minorities are given special protection in India.

Recently, a seven judge Bench in Aligarh Muslim University (2024) in unequivocal terms described Article 30 as a β€˜facet of equality and non-discrimination’. A nine judge Bench in St. Xavier’s College Society (1974) too had observed that β€œthe whole object of conferring the right on minorities under Article 30 is to ensure that there will be equality between the majority and the minority. If the minorities do not have such special protection, they will be denied equality.” In Keshavananda Bharati (1973), rights under Article 30 were held to be part of the basic structure which even Parliament cannot change through a constitutional amendment.

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#Question@CurrentLegalGK Which judgment and what did the last CJI had overruled, which belonged to his father.
🌟 What did D.Y. Chandrachud Overruled in his father's judgment

In 1985, a judgment authored by Justice Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud, father of Justice Dhananjaya Chandrachud, in Sowmithri Vishnu vs.Union of India had upheld the constitutional validity of the section.This has been overruled by Justice D Y Chandrachud in Joseph Shine v Union of India. [497]
This instance of Justice Chandrachud overruling father's judgment is happening for the second time. The first occasion was in the privacy judgment, when Justice D.Y.Chandrachud held that the judgments rendered by all the four judges including his father constituting the majority in ADM Jabalpur were seriously flawed


KS PUTTASWAMY RATIO-
The judgments rendered by all the four judges constituting the majority in ADM Jabalpur are seriously flawed. Life and personal liberty are inalienable to human existence. These rights are, as recognised in Kesavananda Bharati, primordial rights. They constitute rights under natural law. The right to life being inalienable to each individual, it existed prior to the Constitution and continued in force Under Article 372 of the Constitution. Therefore, ADM Jabalpur must be and is accordingly overruled.

JOSEPH SHINE RATIOβ€”
The decision in Sowmithri Vishnu dealt with the constitutional challenge by approaching the discourse on the denial of equality in formal, and rather narrow terms. The inarticulate major premise of the judgment is that prosecution for adultery is an effort to protect the stability of marriages and if the legislature has sought to prosecute only a limited class of 'adulterous relationships', its choice could not be questioned. 'Sowmithri Vishnu' fails to deal with the substantive aspects of constitutional jurisprudence which have a bearing on the validity of Section 497 of the act the guarantee of equality as a real protection against arbitrariness,the guarantee of life and personal liberty
as an essential recognition of dignity, autonomy and privacy and above all gender equality as a cornerstone of a truly equal society. For these reasons, Sowmithri Vishnu is overruled.
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