๐•ƒ๐”ผ๐”พ๐”ธ๐•ƒ โ„‚๐•Œโ„โ„๐”ผโ„•๐•‹ ๐”ธ๐”ฝ๐”ฝ๐”ธ๐•€โ„๐•Š ๐”น๐•ช- โ„•๐•’๐•ฅ๐•ฆ๐•ฃ๐•’๐• ๐•๐•ฆ๐•ค๐•ฅ๐•š๐•”๐•– โ„ข
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Keywords: Civil Judge, MPCJ, UP PSCJ, Haryana ADA, DJS, CBI APP, RJS, JLO, CLAT PG, Supreme Court law clerk, AIBE, IBPS, UGC NET.
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"เคนเคฎ เคตเคนเฅ€ เคนเฅˆเค‚ เคœเฅ‹ เคนเคฎเคพเคฐเฅ‡ เคตเคฟเคšเคพเคฐเฅ‹เค‚ เคจเฅ‡ เคนเคฎเฅ‡เค‚ เคฌเคจเคพเคฏเคพ เคนเฅˆ; เค‡เคธเคฒเคฟเค เค‡เคธ เคฌเคพเคค เค•เคพ เคงเฅเคฏเคพเคจ เคฐเค–เฅ‡เค‚ เค•เคฟ เค†เคช เค•เฅเคฏเคพ เคธเฅ‹เคšเคคเฅ‡ เคนเฅˆเค‚เฅค เคถเคฌเฅเคฆ เค—เฅŒเคฃ เคนเฅˆเค‚เฅค เคตเคฟเคšเคพเคฐ เคœเฅ€เคตเคฟเคค เคฐเคนเคคเฅ‡ เคนเฅˆเค‚; เคตเฅ‡ เคฆเฅ‚เคฐ เคคเค• เคฏเคพเคคเฅเคฐเคพ เค•เคฐเคคเฅ‡ เคนเฅˆเค‚เฅค"

~ เคธเฅเคตเคพเคฎเฅ€ เคตเคฟเคตเฅ‡เค•เคพเคจเค‚เคฆ เคœเฅ€....
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๐Ÿ“ธ๐Ÿšจ๐Ÿš”
If Any Police Station Left Outside Coverage Area Of CCTV Camera, Such Lapse Shall Be Considered As Contempt Of Court (S.P. and SHO liable) Madhya Pradesh HC


{Akhilesh Pandey v. The State Of Madhya Pradesh, 2024}


๐ŸŒŸ Landmark judgments on CCTV in police stations

1. D. K. Basu v. West Bengal, 2015
The State Governments shall also consider installation of CCTV cameras in police stations in a phased manner depending upon the incidents of human rights violation reported in such stations.

2. Shafhi Mohammad v. State of Himachal Pradesh, 2018
CCTV to be installed in every police station and videography in investigation.

3. Paramvir Singh Saini v. Baljit Singh, 2021
various directions issued to implement CCTV installation.

{Both 2 and 3 dealt with oversight committee to study and make reports on cctv footage}

โ“ Questionโ€”
A police officer pleads defence on encounter killing saying that order of superior officer is binding on us.

๐Ÿ…ฐ๏ธnswer-
Prakash Kadam v. Ramprasad Vishwanath Gupta, 2011
We warn policemen that they will not be excused for committing murder in the name of โ€œencounterโ€ on the pretext that they were carrying out the orders of their superior officers or politicians, however high. In the Nuremburg trials the Nazi war criminals took the plea that โ€œorders are ordersโ€ nevertheless they were hanged. If a policeman is given an illegal order by any superior to do a fake โ€œencounterโ€, it is his duty to refuse to carry out such illegal order, otherwise he will be charged for murder, and if found guilty sentenced to death.

Ancient Indian Legal #History@CurrentLegalGK

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‘จโ€โš–๏ธ Matsanyaya (Mahabharata, Kautilya, Shatapatha Brahmana)
(Big fish eating small)

โœ“ Kautilya- โ€œif danda be not employed, it gives rise to the condition of matsyanyaya, since in the absence of a chastiser the strong devour the weakโ€. That in the absence of a king (arajaka) or when there is no fear of punishment then condition of matsyanyaya follows.

โœ“ Shantiparva of Mahabharata Bhisma Pitamah tells Yudhishthir that there is nothing worse in the world than lawlessness, for in a state of matsyanyaya, nobody, not even the evil doers are safe, because even the evil doers will sooner or later be swallowed up by other evil doers.

โš”๏ธ Sentencing and Punishment theory to Police officials.
Yashwant v. State of Maharashtra, 2018
wherein this Court laid down that when the police is violator of the law whose primary responsibility is to protect the law, the punishment for such violation has to be proportionately stringent so as to have effective deterrent effect and instil confidence in the society.


@CurrentLegalGK
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๐•ƒ๐”ผ๐”พ๐”ธ๐•ƒ โ„‚๐•Œโ„โ„๐”ผโ„•๐•‹ ๐”ธ๐”ฝ๐”ฝ๐”ธ๐•€โ„๐•Š ๐”น๐•ช- โ„•๐•’๐•ฅ๐•ฆ๐•ฃ๐•’๐• ๐•๐•ฆ๐•ค๐•ฅ๐•š๐•”๐•– โ„ข
Judge-To-Population Was Ordered To Be Made 50 Per Million By 2007, But Not Even 25 Per Million In 2024 : Supreme Court Laments https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/judge-to-population-was-ordered-to-be-made-50-per-million-by-2007-but-not-even-25-per-millionโ€ฆ
The Court recalled that in 2002, a direction was passed in the All India Judges Association case that by 2007, judge to population ratio in the trial judiciary should be 50 per million. However, even in 2024, this ratio is not even 25 per million.

These observations while expunging certain adverse remarks made by the Delhi High Court against a Sessions Judge. The Court held that personal criticism of judicial officers should be avoided while setting aside the orders.

In the judgment which called for judicial restraint while making remarks against the personal conduct of judges, the Court reminded that even the judges of higher courts are vulnerable to making mistakes.

The judgment also referred to the immense stress faced by judges due to the huge workload, which makes them prone to make errors.



#Judicial_reforms and impact of not making reforms, not complying with infrastructure demands can defeat justice.

@CurrentLegalGK
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We may consider each generation as a separate nation, with a right, by the will of the majority, to bind themselves, but none to bind the succeeding generation, more than
the inhabitants of another country
.

~ Thomas Jefferson

Living document, progressive interpretation of constitution
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