๐•ƒ๐”ผ๐”พ๐”ธ๐•ƒ โ„‚๐•Œโ„โ„๐”ผโ„•๐•‹ ๐”ธ๐”ฝ๐”ฝ๐”ธ๐•€โ„๐•Š ๐”น๐•ช- โ„•๐•’๐•ฅ๐•ฆ๐•ฃ๐•’๐• ๐•๐•ฆ๐•ค๐•ฅ๐•š๐•”๐•– โ„ข
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๐Ÿค”2 special Law; which one will prevail โ“

The Karnataka High Court has held that where the offences punishable under the provisions of two special enactments viz, the Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act and POCSO Act are invoked, the POCSO Act, being a later enactment, should prevail over the Atrocities Act.

๐Ÿ˜Ž [Somashekhar And State by Rural Police Station, 2023]

Note: The court noted that when two statutes contain non-obstante clauses, the later enactment is presumed to prevail, as the legislature is assumed to be aware of the previous enactment and chose to give overriding effect to the later one.

However, the court clarified that for this principle to apply, the offenses punishable under the later enactment (in this case, the POCSO Act) should be prima facie established.

๐Ÿ˜Ž [Dinanath manik katkar vs state of Maharastra 2023]

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Legal.Update.pdf
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We the women of India vs UOI + Bachpan Bachao Andolan 2023 ( 2 Judges Bench)

Gudielines Related to POCSO ACT - Section 39 [ Support Persons]
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๐Ÿ‘จโ€โš–๏ธ S Vardharajan v. State of Madras AIR 1965

This is a landmark case of kidnapping of minor where the court defined the meaning of โ€˜taking awayโ€™ and allowing a minor to accompany.

๐Ÿ’ฏAs Justice Gajendragadkar had rightly observed in State v. Harbansingh Kiansingh (1954)
"It may be that the mischief intended to be punished partly consists in the violation or the infringement of the guardians' right to keep their wards under their care and custody; but the more important object of these provisions undoubtedly is to afford security and protection to the wards themselves."

#Section_361_and_363_of_IPC

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๐Ÿ‘จโ€โš–๏ธ KAMAL PRASAD & ORS v. THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH, 2023

Court, in its judgment, has meticulously penned down several principles pertaining to the plea of alibi. These principles have been driven from various landmark decisions including
โœ“[Dhananjoy Chatterjee v. State of W.B.,1994] ; and
โœ“[Vijay Pal v. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi), 2015]

Few of these principles, as enumerated in the judgment, are:

โœ…It is not a part of the General Exceptions under the IPC and is instead a rule of evidence under Section 11 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.

โœ…Further, the burden to establish the plea is on the person taking such a plea. The same must be achieved by leading cogent and satisfactory evidence;

โœ…It is required to be proved with certainty so as to completely exclude the possibility of the presence of the accused at the spot of the crime. In other words, a standard of โ€˜strict scrutinyโ€™ is required when such a plea is taken.

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๐•ƒ๐”ผ๐”พ๐”ธ๐•ƒ โ„‚๐•Œโ„โ„๐”ผโ„•๐•‹ ๐”ธ๐”ฝ๐”ฝ๐”ธ๐•€โ„๐•Š ๐”น๐•ช- โ„•๐•’๐•ฅ๐•ฆ๐•ฃ๐•’๐• ๐•๐•ฆ๐•ค๐•ฅ๐•š๐•”๐•– โ„ข
Concept of Justice under Indian Constitution https://articles.manupatra.com/article-details/Concept-of-Justice-under-Indian-Constitution
๐Ÿ”—๐Ÿ“ŒRead with -
โœ…Role of judges
https://t.me/CurrentLegalGK/92

โœ…Role of courts
https://t.me/CurrentLegalGK/76

#Question
๐Ÿ˜ŽExplain what is justice and role of courts and judges in 150 words ๐Ÿ‘‡
๐Ÿ‘จโ€โš–๏ธ Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Company 1891

General Offer - An offer made to the world at large is known as a general offer. Such offers can be accepted by anyone, but the contract is not entered into with the whole world. It is made only with a person who comes forward & performs the condition of the proposal.

#proposal #unilateral_offer
#acceptance
#contract

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