[Affinity test cannot be the litmus test to decide a caste claim: SC]
πWHAT:::::An affinity test mandates the study and preparation of a report by authorities on caste/tribe claims based on the peculiar anthropological and ethnological traits, deities, rituals, customs, mode of marriage, death ceremonies, methods of burial of dead bodies, etc, of the particular caste or tribe and the applicants knowledge of them.
πS.C ruled :::::"affinity test can never be conclusiveβ to prove a caste/tribe claim.
πCase title:: PRIYA PRAMOD GAJBE VS MAHARASTRA STATE.
#AFFINITYTEST #NOTCONCLUSIVE
πWHAT:::::An affinity test mandates the study and preparation of a report by authorities on caste/tribe claims based on the peculiar anthropological and ethnological traits, deities, rituals, customs, mode of marriage, death ceremonies, methods of burial of dead bodies, etc, of the particular caste or tribe and the applicants knowledge of them.
πS.C ruled :::::"affinity test can never be conclusiveβ to prove a caste/tribe claim.
πCase title:: PRIYA PRAMOD GAJBE VS MAHARASTRA STATE.
#AFFINITYTEST #NOTCONCLUSIVE
π3π1
πJustice FATMIA M BEVI; the first women judge of the Supreme Court of India.(1989)
πJustice LEILA SETH;
First women judge of Delhi H.C.
She was also to become the first CJI of Himachal Pradesh H.C on 1991.
β¨In high courts, the percentage of women judges is a mere 11.5%, while in the Supreme Court there are three sitting women judges out of 34(including CJI) in office.
The situation of women lawyers in the country is not any better. Out of 1.7 million advocates registered, only 15% are women.
#MAINS #STATICGK #DATAWRAPPER #1st.
πJustice LEILA SETH;
First women judge of Delhi H.C.
She was also to become the first CJI of Himachal Pradesh H.C on 1991.
β¨In high courts, the percentage of women judges is a mere 11.5%, while in the Supreme Court there are three sitting women judges out of 34(including CJI) in office.
The situation of women lawyers in the country is not any better. Out of 1.7 million advocates registered, only 15% are women.
#MAINS #STATICGK #DATAWRAPPER #1st.
π₯4π1π1
βοΈLegal Attack on the Stereotypes on Women
1. Joseph shine vs UOI 2018
The role of law in confronting patriarchy and stereotypes.
2. Criminal Laws Amendment 2013
Rejection of pre vaginum test (or βtwo finger testβ) and irrelevance
of sexual history.
3. State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh
there should be no presumption that the testimony of a survivor or victim of sexual violence is not credible, nor should courts display an inherent suspicion of testimony on the incorrect assumption that women as a class of individuals lie about sexual violence. Rather, the testimony of a survivor must be accorded due weight as the victim of any other crime.
4. State of Uttar Pradesh v. Chhotey lal
An absence of injuries does not automatically lead to a presumption that the sexual intercourse was consensual or that the survivor or victimβs testimony is not credible. (Act can be on gun point to family members)
5. State of Himachal Pradesh v. Gian Chand
Delay in lodging the FIR cannot be used as a ritualistic formula for doubting the prosecution case and discarding the same solely on the ground of delay in lodging the first information report. Delay has the effect of putting the court on its guard to search if any explanation has been offered for the delay, and if offered, whether it is satisfactory or not.
#Gender_Justice
1. Joseph shine vs UOI 2018
The role of law in confronting patriarchy and stereotypes.
2. Criminal Laws Amendment 2013
Rejection of pre vaginum test (or βtwo finger testβ) and irrelevance
of sexual history.
3. State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh
there should be no presumption that the testimony of a survivor or victim of sexual violence is not credible, nor should courts display an inherent suspicion of testimony on the incorrect assumption that women as a class of individuals lie about sexual violence. Rather, the testimony of a survivor must be accorded due weight as the victim of any other crime.
4. State of Uttar Pradesh v. Chhotey lal
An absence of injuries does not automatically lead to a presumption that the sexual intercourse was consensual or that the survivor or victimβs testimony is not credible. (Act can be on gun point to family members)
5. State of Himachal Pradesh v. Gian Chand
Delay in lodging the FIR cannot be used as a ritualistic formula for doubting the prosecution case and discarding the same solely on the ground of delay in lodging the first information report. Delay has the effect of putting the court on its guard to search if any explanation has been offered for the delay, and if offered, whether it is satisfactory or not.
Topic: Role of Judiciary in empowering women.#Gender_Justice
π₯3β1π1
Important Judgement Given by Hon'ble SC by 3 Judges' Bench
Recognising sex work as profession
Every individual in this country has rt. to dignified life A.21
Prostitution is not illegal in India
Police cannot take criminal action against adult and consenting sex workers
Govt. should make schemes for sex workers Rehabilitation of sex workers
DIRECTION BY SC BY USING A.142
β’Equal protection of law
β’ Rt. against harrasment
β’ Non-disclosure of the identity
β’ Directs UIDAI to issue Aadharcard to sex workers w/o insisting on proof of residence
Note: Running a brothel is still illegal under PITA act.
Case Budhadev Karmaskar vs st. Of west Bengal
#Constitution #Article_21
@CurrentLegalGK
Recognising sex work as profession
Every individual in this country has rt. to dignified life A.21
Prostitution is not illegal in India
Police cannot take criminal action against adult and consenting sex workers
Govt. should make schemes for sex workers Rehabilitation of sex workers
DIRECTION BY SC BY USING A.142
β’
β’ Rt. against harrasment
β’ Non-disclosure of the identity
β’ Directs UIDAI to issue Aadharcard to sex workers w/o insisting on proof of residence
Note: Running a brothel is still illegal under PITA act.
Case Budhadev Karmaskar vs st. Of west Bengal
#Constitution #Article_21
@CurrentLegalGK
π6β2
Why is it Important for Judges to Use the Right Words?
The language a judge uses reflects not only their interpretation of the law, but their perception of society as well.
Even when the use of stereotypes does not alter the outcome of a case, stereotypical language may reinforce ideas contrary to our constitutional ethos.
Language is critical to the life of the law. Words are the vehicle through which the values of the law are communicated.
Words transmit the ultimate intention of the lawmaker or the judge to the nation.
β EXCELLENT USE - While writing your Answer just mention one of the new term and in bracket use the old one.
#quote
#Discernible_Topics
@CurrentLegalGK
The language a judge uses reflects not only their interpretation of the law, but their perception of society as well.
Even when the use of stereotypes does not alter the outcome of a case, stereotypical language may reinforce ideas contrary to our constitutional ethos.
Language is critical to the life of the law. Words are the vehicle through which the values of the law are communicated.
Words transmit the ultimate intention of the lawmaker or the judge to the nation.
β EXCELLENT USE - While writing your Answer just mention one of the new term and in bracket use the old one.
#quote
#Discernible_Topics
@CurrentLegalGK
π7β€6π₯3π―2
π³οΈElection commission of IndiaIssue: Appointment procedure of CEC & ECs
πRECENT DEVELOPMENT
π Bill Introduced in parliamentβ
The Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Appointment Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Bill, 2023
β’To override the S.C. unanimous verdictβ
π [S.C. verdict] 2023
Anoop Baranwal v. Union of India
π¨ββοΈConstitutional bench comprising
β’ K.M. Joseph β’ Ajay Rastogi
β’ Aniruddha Bose β’ Hrishikesh Roy
β’ C.T. Ravikumar
π‘οΈIssues:
1. Does the current process for ECI appointments violate the right to equalityβ
2. Does the current process for ECI appointments violate the right to free and fair electionsβ
ππ’Contentions by Both the sides
β½Petitionerβ
β’ Article 14 - Arbitrary
β’ No law made under 326 till now
β’ Independence of ECI
β½Respondentβ
β’ Parliament not obliged to make law for appointment under 326.
β’ Article 50 - Separation of powers.
π₯Held- [Not a Mandamus writ but interim order untill law is enacted this is also known as Stop Gap Measures.]
β¦οΈHigh power committee comprising of (CJI, PM & leader of opposition) will make recommendations to president.
β¦οΈTerm of ECI is not 6 yrs currently due to erroneous appointments.
β¦οΈFreedom to vote (A.19)
Right to vote (A. 326
β¦οΈRight to vote is merely a
constitutional right by majority (but Dissent by justice rastogi cited Article 15, 17 ,19 and 21 Due to princely states it was not made F.R. at that time)
β Readings referred by Courtβ
βοΈ255th Law commission reports.
βοΈConstitutional debates.
βοΈ2nd Adminstrative reforms commission.
βοΈElectoral Reforms 1990 & 2010
β Extra readingsβ
βKesavanamd bharti - Rule of Law
βShamsher singh vs Punjab -
(Article 50)
βPeopleβs Union
for Civil Liberties v. Union of India -
βFree and fair election is a basic structure of the Constitution.
β Vineet Narain & Ors. v. UOI
Court spelt out its obligation under Article 32 to protect and enhance fundamental rights even in the absence of legislation.
β 1992 cases on fair elections.
β’Kihoto hollohan
β’Common cause vs UOI
β Types of Voting Rights
β Election petition
β Role of judiciary and ECI in case of conflict/misconduct in election.
β Freebies, election manifesto etc..
π @CurrentLegalGK
#Case_brief
#Electoral_reforms #Judicial_activism
#Executive_vs_judiciary
β€βπ₯7π4
Important Judgement Given by Hon'ble SC 2 Judges Bench CJI DY CHANDRACHUD & HIMA KOHLI
Prohibiting 'Two-Finger Test' in rape cases
Two Finger test was conducting on the victim to determine whether she was raped (Hymen Checking)
Women can't be believed when she states that she was raped merely for the reason that she is actively active.
Incorrect assumption that a sexually active women can't be raped .
The Two finger test has no scientific basis, it instead re-victimises & re-traumatises woman.
Earlier a judgement was delivered by SC regarding prohibition on Two finger test
Lilu vs st.of Haryana 2013 held that two finger test violates the Rt.of privacy of a woman #Article21.
SC IF ANYONE CONDUCTS A TWO FINGER TEST ON A SEXUAL ASSAULT VICTIM IT WILL BE CONSTRUED AS THE OFFENCE OF MISCONDUCT & WILL BE PENALIZED ACCORDING.
Also SC stated it's based on patriachal mindset that sexually active women can't be raped
A woman's sexual history is immaterial while adjudicating whether the accused raped her .
CASE - ST. OF JHARKHAND VS SHAILENDRA KUMAR RAI 2022
Prohibiting 'Two-Finger Test' in rape cases
Two Finger test was conducting on the victim to determine whether she was raped (Hymen Checking)
Women can't be believed when she states that she was raped merely for the reason that she is actively active.
Incorrect assumption that a sexually active women can't be raped .
The Two finger test has no scientific basis, it instead re-victimises & re-traumatises woman.
Earlier a judgement was delivered by SC regarding prohibition on Two finger test
Lilu vs st.of Haryana 2013 held that two finger test violates the Rt.of privacy of a woman #Article21.
SC IF ANYONE CONDUCTS A TWO FINGER TEST ON A SEXUAL ASSAULT VICTIM IT WILL BE CONSTRUED AS THE OFFENCE OF MISCONDUCT & WILL BE PENALIZED ACCORDING.
Also SC stated it's based on patriachal mindset that sexually active women can't be raped
A woman's sexual history is immaterial while adjudicating whether the accused raped her .
CASE - ST. OF JHARKHAND VS SHAILENDRA KUMAR RAI 2022
#Sec_53(A)_IEA_1872 βevidence of a victimβs character or of her previous sexual experience with any person shall not be relevant to the issue of consent or the quality of consent, in prosecutions of sexual offencesβ.π5β€2π1
Supreme Court Seeks Centreβs Response On Plea To Decriminalise Consensual Sex By 16-18 Year Olds
https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-seeks-centres-response-on-plea-to-decriminalise-consensual-sex-by-16-18-year-olds-235623
https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-seeks-centres-response-on-plea-to-decriminalise-consensual-sex-by-16-18-year-olds-235623
www.livelaw.in
Supreme Court Seeks Centreβs Response On Plea To Decriminalise Consensual Sex By 16-18 Year Olds
On Friday, a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court, comprising Chief Justice of India D Y Chandrachud and Justices J B Pardiwala and Manoj Misra, heard a Public Interest Litigation (PIL)...
β‘π₯ Secunderabad Club vs CIT | 2023/ ARTICLE 141 EXPLANATION
Observations regarding the concept of ratio decidendi and binding.
1. What is binding in terms of Article 141 of the Constitution is the ratio of the judgment and as already noted, the ratio decidendi of a judgment is the reason assigned in support of the conclusion.
2. The reasoning of a judgment can be discerned only upon reading of a judgment in its entirety and the same has to be culled out thereafter.
3. The ratio of the case has to be deduced from the facts involved in the case and the particular provision(s) of law which the court has applied or interpreted and the decision has to be read in the context of the particular statutory provisions involved in the matter.
4.
5.
6. The decision is an authority for what is specifically decides and not what can logically be deduced therefrom.
7. The precedential value of an order of the Supreme Court which is not preceded by a detailed judgment would be lacking inasmuch as an issue would not have been categorically dealt with.
8. Declaration of the law by the Supreme Court can be said to have been made only when it is contained in a speaking order, either expressly or by necessary implication and not by dismissal in limine.
9. The precedential value of an order of the Supreme Court which is not preceded by a detailed judgment would be lacking inasmuch as an issue would not have been categorically dealt with order is binding on the parties to the said order, but in our view, it cannot act as a precedent for subsequent cases such as the present one with which we are dealing.
10. If an order of this Court is brief and meant only for the purpose of closure of the controversy involved in a particular case and with a view to conclude the case, undoubtedly, such an order is binding on the parties to the said order, but in our view, it cannot act as a precedent for subsequent cases such as the present one with which we are dealing.
#Ratio_decidendi #stare_decisis
#Article_141 #Obiter_dicta
#concept
#Discernible_Topics
@CurrentLegalGK
Observations regarding the concept of ratio decidendi and binding.
1. What is binding in terms of Article 141 of the Constitution is the ratio of the judgment and as already noted, the ratio decidendi of a judgment is the reason assigned in support of the conclusion.
2. The reasoning of a judgment can be discerned only upon reading of a judgment in its entirety and the same has to be culled out thereafter.
3. The ratio of the case has to be deduced from the facts involved in the case and the particular provision(s) of law which the court has applied or interpreted and the decision has to be read in the context of the particular statutory provisions involved in the matter.
4.
An order made merely to dispose of the case cannot have the value or effect of a binding precedent.5.
Although the obiter dictum of the Supreme Court is binding on all courts, it has only persuasive authority as far as the Supreme Court itself is concerned.6. The decision is an authority for what is specifically decides and not what can logically be deduced therefrom.
7. The precedential value of an order of the Supreme Court which is not preceded by a detailed judgment would be lacking inasmuch as an issue would not have been categorically dealt with.
8. Declaration of the law by the Supreme Court can be said to have been made only when it is contained in a speaking order, either expressly or by necessary implication and not by dismissal in limine.
9. The precedential value of an order of the Supreme Court which is not preceded by a detailed judgment would be lacking inasmuch as an issue would not have been categorically dealt with order is binding on the parties to the said order, but in our view, it cannot act as a precedent for subsequent cases such as the present one with which we are dealing.
10. If an order of this Court is brief and meant only for the purpose of closure of the controversy involved in a particular case and with a view to conclude the case, undoubtedly, such an order is binding on the parties to the said order, but in our view, it cannot act as a precedent for subsequent cases such as the present one with which we are dealing.
#Ratio_decidendi #stare_decisis
#Article_141 #Obiter_dicta
#concept
#Discernible_Topics
@CurrentLegalGK
π2β€1π1
πͺπRecusal Of Judges In India
"Independence and impartiality are the twin pillars without which justice cannot stand, and the purpose of recusal is to underpin themβ
π―Why Recusal Of Judgesβ
β’ Conflict of Interest.
β’ Nemo Judex In Causa Sua.
β’ Natural Justice
β’ Due Process of Law.
πWhat Does Recusal Meanββ
A judge can withdraw from hearing a case to prevent creating a perception that s/he carried a bias while deciding the case.
π Relevant Exampleπ―
When an appeal is filed in the Supreme Court against a judgement of a High Court that may have been delivered by the SC judge when she was in the HC or Re-examination of SC judgement by same judge.
π Legal Provisions and Case Laws
No Specific Provision but there are S.C. rulings.
1. Ranjit Thakur v UOI (1987)
Test of Reasonable Apprehension in the mind of the party.
βThe proper approach for the Judge is not to look at his own mind and ask himself, βAm I biasedββ but to look at the mind of the party before him,β
2. On 1997 S.C. adopted a Charter called the Restatement of Values of Judicial Life to serve as a guide to be observed by Judges, essential for independent, strong and respected judiciary, indispensable in the impartial administration of justice.
π¦Lacunas in the Recusal of Judges
β‘No codified rules which makes delay in proceedings.
β‘Judge is the Sole person to decide for himself and no other person but there should be 3rd party it can be the CJI/CJ/DJ or that court who refer the case to benches.
β‘It is Assumed that Judges are Unbiased due to the Oath given during Appointment.
β‘Lack of transparency; No reasoning is given when recuses.
Conclusion - This concept removes the doubts and brings confidence in Judiciary to the parties who are fighting for their life & liberty
π Pinochet Principle- If a judge is interested in a cause being promoted by one of the parties, then he is automatically disqualified from hearing viz If a High Court was consulted before the notification of the amendment, that disqualifies the entire High Court.
#Impartial_Judiciary #Independent_Judiciary
#Recusal_of_cases
#Article_14 #Article_21
#Discernible_Topics
@CurrentLegalGK
"Independence and impartiality are the twin pillars without which justice cannot stand, and the purpose of recusal is to underpin themβ
π―Why Recusal Of Judgesβ
β’ Conflict of Interest.
β’ Nemo Judex In Causa Sua.
β’ Natural Justice
β’ Due Process of Law.
πWhat Does Recusal Meanββ
A judge can withdraw from hearing a case to prevent creating a perception that s/he carried a bias while deciding the case.
π Relevant Exampleπ―
When an appeal is filed in the Supreme Court against a judgement of a High Court that may have been delivered by the SC judge when she was in the HC or Re-examination of SC judgement by same judge.
π Legal Provisions and Case Laws
No Specific Provision but there are S.C. rulings.
1. Ranjit Thakur v UOI (1987)
Test of Reasonable Apprehension in the mind of the party.
βThe proper approach for the Judge is not to look at his own mind and ask himself, βAm I biasedββ but to look at the mind of the party before him,β
2. On 1997 S.C. adopted a Charter called the Restatement of Values of Judicial Life to serve as a guide to be observed by Judges, essential for independent, strong and respected judiciary, indispensable in the impartial administration of justice.
π¦Lacunas in the Recusal of Judges
β‘No codified rules which makes delay in proceedings.
β‘Judge is the Sole person to decide for himself and no other person but there should be 3rd party it can be the CJI/CJ/DJ or that court who refer the case to benches.
β‘It is Assumed that Judges are Unbiased due to the Oath given during Appointment.
β‘Lack of transparency; No reasoning is given when recuses.
Conclusion - This concept removes the doubts and brings confidence in Judiciary to the parties who are fighting for their life & liberty
π Pinochet Principle- If a judge is interested in a cause being promoted by one of the parties, then he is automatically disqualified from hearing viz If a High Court was consulted before the notification of the amendment, that disqualifies the entire High Court.
#Impartial_Judiciary #Independent_Judiciary
#Recusal_of_cases
#Article_14 #Article_21
#Discernible_Topics
@CurrentLegalGK
π4π₯2β€1
RESTATEMENT OF VALUES OF JUDICIAL LIFE .pdf
1015.2 KB
Not exhaustive but 16 broad illustrations on expected Judge's life.
---->Restatement of values of judge's life 1997 SUPREME COURT
@CurrentLegalGK
---->Restatement of values of judge's life 1997 SUPREME COURT
@CurrentLegalGK
π±6
Default Bail as a Right of Accused
This type of bail is commonly referred as to as default Bail or compulsive bail, statutory bail or automatic bail as it granted on a/c of the default of the investigating agency is not completing the investigation within prescribed time, irrespective of the merits of the case .
It provides down that upon the expiry of a specified period, if the chargesheet has not been filed by the investigating agency, the accused immediately becomes entitled to seek bail.
Application has been made orally or in writing (but in daily proceedings the court requires in writing)
Default Bail u/s-167(2) is not mere statutory right but Fundamental Right also U/A- 21.
Default Bail is not matter of discretion but a matter of Rt. & it can ba availed by an accused irrespective of the gravity or nature of the offence.
Calculation of period of 90/60 days β
When does it start ? From the date of arrest or from the date of remand ? π€
Although in the most of the cases, day of arrest and remand are the same, but in still few cases, this situation may arise
"The total period of 90 days under Clause(i) and 60 days under Clause (ii) has to be calculated only from the date of remand & not from the of arrest"
Case - Ritu chhabaria V/s UOI 2023
#default_bail
#CRPC_167
#Article21
@CurrentLegalGK
What is default Bail ?πThis type of bail is commonly referred as to as default Bail or compulsive bail, statutory bail or automatic bail as it granted on a/c of the default of the investigating agency is not completing the investigation within prescribed time, irrespective of the merits of the case .
It provides down that upon the expiry of a specified period, if the chargesheet has not been filed by the investigating agency, the accused immediately becomes entitled to seek bail.
Application has been made orally or in writing (but in daily proceedings the court requires in writing)
Default Bail u/s-167(2) is not mere statutory right but Fundamental Right also U/A- 21.
Default Bail is not matter of discretion but a matter of Rt. & it can ba availed by an accused irrespective of the gravity or nature of the offence.
Default Bail U/Cr.pc is an imp. Rt. And it can't be scuttled by filing chargesheet before the probe is complete.Calculation of period of 90/60 days β
When does it start ? From the date of arrest or from the date of remand ? π€
Although in the most of the cases, day of arrest and remand are the same, but in still few cases, this situation may arise
dateCase - Ritu chhabaria V/s UOI 2023
#default_bail
#CRPC_167
#Article21
@CurrentLegalGK
π2π₯2
CPC 2023 6 MONTH DIGEST.pdf
1.3 MB
π2π₯2
Important case Judgement By SC by 3 Judges Bench
Challenged the Ritu Chabbaria Vs UOI Judgement
As per Chabbaria Judgement SC said default Bail is not mere statutory right but also fundamental right #Article21 .
A special bench of the Supreme Court has ordered today that trial courts and high courts across the country, while considering an application for the grant of default bail under section 167(2) of Criminal Procedure Code, shall decide the same independent of and without relying on the judgment of Ritu Chhabria vs. Union Of India & Ors.
Case - Directorate of Enforcement vs Manpreet Singh Talwar 2023
#default_bail
#crpc167
@CurrentLegalGK
Challenged the Ritu Chabbaria Vs UOI Judgement
As per Chabbaria Judgement SC said default Bail is not mere statutory right but also fundamental right #Article21 .
A special bench of the Supreme Court has ordered today that trial courts and high courts across the country, while considering an application for the grant of default bail under section 167(2) of Criminal Procedure Code, shall decide the same independent of and without relying on the judgment of Ritu Chhabria vs. Union Of India & Ors.
Recall of the judgment in Chhabaria which held that an investigating agency cannot file a charge sheet in court without completing a probe to deprive default bail to an accused.Case - Directorate of Enforcement vs Manpreet Singh Talwar 2023
#default_bail
#crpc167
@CurrentLegalGK
π5β€1β‘1
Lengthiest judgements
The main purpose of judgment writing is to convey the interpretation of the law as clearly as possible, not only to the parties in the litigation, but also to the people at large.
https://www.barandbench.com/columns/lengthy-judgments-unlimited-arguments
The main purpose of judgment writing is to convey the interpretation of the law as clearly as possible, not only to the parties in the litigation, but also to the people at large.
https://www.barandbench.com/columns/lengthy-judgments-unlimited-arguments
Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news
Lengthy judgments, unlimited arguments
βIt is the need of the hour to write clear and short judgments which the litigant can understand,β observed a three-judge Bench of the Supreme Court headed by J
π2
Legality of Lottery in India - Vakilsearch | Blog
https://vakilsearch.com/blog/legality-of-lottery-in-india/
β’ Wagering contracts
β‘In news - The controversy regarding game of skill and chance
Legal in Assam Arunachal Pradesh West Bengal Meghalaya Nagaland Mizoram Kerala Goa Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Punjab Sikkim
https://vakilsearch.com/blog/legality-of-lottery-in-india/
β’ Wagering contracts
β‘In news - The controversy regarding game of skill and chance
Legal in Assam Arunachal Pradesh West Bengal Meghalaya Nagaland Mizoram Kerala Goa Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Punjab Sikkim
Vakilsearch | Blog
Is Lottery Ticket Legal in India
The lottery ticket business is profitable in India. The government regulates it in unique way. We will discuss Is Lottery Legal in India.
π1
βοΈImportant changes in new bills.
BNS BNSS BSA
IPC CRPC IEA
Reference for Enforcement of bills ππ»
Read forensics under BSA it is clearly written that Infrastructure to be created within 5 years.
Why IPC WAS ENACTEDβ
Expansion of britishers lead to difficulties in administration particularly in the legal sphere βIndian law prior to codification consisted of a complex array of Parliamentary Charters and Acts, Indian legislation (after 1833), East India Company Regulations, English common law, Hindu law, Muslim law, and many bodies of customary law.,β
According to Barry Wright, βThe IPC project was delayed by governmental and legislative inertia, resistance by European residents to having the same legal status as indigenous populations.
Mention the limitations of this bill including what more could have been added in this major criminal amendment ππ»
@CurrentLegalGK
BNS BNSS BSA
IPC CRPC IEA
Reference for Enforcement of bills ππ»
Read forensics under BSA it is clearly written that Infrastructure to be created within 5 years.
Why IPC WAS ENACTEDβ
Expansion of britishers lead to difficulties in administration particularly in the legal sphere βIndian law prior to codification consisted of a complex array of Parliamentary Charters and Acts, Indian legislation (after 1833), East India Company Regulations, English common law, Hindu law, Muslim law, and many bodies of customary law.,β
According to Barry Wright, βThe IPC project was delayed by governmental and legislative inertia, resistance by European residents to having the same legal status as indigenous populations.
Mention the limitations of this bill including what more could have been added in this major criminal amendment ππ»
@CurrentLegalGK
π7π€1π―1π‘1