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๐ŸŒŸ Secularism in Detail

Focus on Panthernirpeksh vs dharmanirpeksh, Judiciary, difference with western secularism, and summary

Note Making is essential โœ๏ธ

Watch in 1.5ร—


https://youtu.be/G0HMuIXWCAc?feature=shared
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๐•ƒ๐”ผ๐”พ๐”ธ๐•ƒ โ„‚๐•Œโ„โ„๐”ผโ„•๐•‹ ๐”ธ๐”ฝ๐”ฝ๐”ธ๐•€โ„๐•Š ๐”น๐•ช- โ„•๐•’๐•ฅ๐•ฆ๐•ฃ๐•’๐• ๐•๐•ฆ๐•ค๐•ฅ๐•š๐•”๐•– โ„ข
Gopi Thotakura becomes first Indian space tourist: What is space travel โ€” and how much can a journey cost? ๐Ÿ”— #explained_sci_tech #express_explained
Blue Origin has not disclosed the price that its latest set of passengers paid for a seat on this journey. But according to space.com website, a similar journey on a Virgin Galactic spacecraft costs about $450,000 (about Rs 3.75 crore). A journey to the ISS is now estimated to cost anything between 20 to 25 million dollars (about Rs 160 to 210 crore). A recent NASA paper mentions that space companies SpaceX and Space Adventures were planning to offer a journey around the Moon for about 70 to 100 million dollars (about Rs 600 to 850 crore).

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Cognizance Sh. Pradeep Mehta.pdf
642.3 KB
What is Cognizance.
2. Taking of Cognizance.
3. Cognizance is of offence not offender.
4. Cognizance of offence by magistrate.
5. Important points on Cognizance.
6. Making over of cases to Magistrates.
7. Cognizance of offence by Court of Sessions.
8. Cognizance taken by a magistrate not empowered.
9. Limitation on power to take Cognizance of offences.
10. Cognizance under special enactments.
a. Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985.
b. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988
c. The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes
(Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.
d. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012.
e. Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002.
11. Limitation for taking Cognizance.
12. Computing the period of limitation u/s 468 CrPC.
13. Conclusion.

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๐ŸŒŸ #Question

Whether Death Penalty or Imprisonment for life can be passed in any circumstances to a juvenile tried as an adult.

{No child in conflict with law shall be sentenced to death or for life imprisonment without the possibility of release, for any such offence, either under the provisions of this Act or under the provisions of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) or any other law for the time being in force.}


๐Ÿค”๐Ÿ’ญComment the answer ๐Ÿ‘‡

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๐ŸŒŸFrank Vitus v. Narcotics Control Bureau, 2024

Condition of sharing Google pin location as a bail condition is hit by the right to privacy guaranteed under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. 

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๐ŸŒŸ Rajendra v. Maharashtra, 2024

โœ๏ธ Landmark- Khushal Rao vs. State of Bombay 1958


๐Ÿ’ฏ It cannot be laid down as an absolute rule of law that a dying declaration cannot form the sole basis of conviction unless it is corroborated;

๐Ÿ’ฏ Each case must be determined on its own facts, keeping in view the circumstances in which the dying declaration was made;

๐Ÿ’ฏ It cannot be laid down as a general proposition that a dying declaration is a weaker kind of evidence than other pieces of evidence;

๐Ÿ’ฏ A dying declaration stands on the same footing as another piece of evidence. It has to be judged in the light of surrounding circumstances and with reference to the principles governing weighing of evidence.

๐Ÿ’ฏ A dying declaration which has been recorded by a competent Magistrate in the proper manner stands on a much higher footing than a dying declaration which depends upon oral testimony which may suffer from all the infirmities of human memory and human character.

๐Ÿ’ฏ In order to TEST the RELIABILITY of a dying declaration, the court has to keep in view various circumstances including the condition of the person concerned to make such a statement; that it has been made at the earliest opportunity and was not the result of tutoring by interested parties

Court must be satisfied that it was rendered voluntarily, it is consistent and credible and that it is devoid of any tutoring.


โ“ #Question
Mention 2 Landmark Judgments that dealt with the aforementioned principles

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