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πŸ‘¨β€βš–οΈπŸ‘©β€βš–οΈ Topic: Bribery not protected by immunity/privileges of MPs/MLAs

βœ…Case: Sita Soren v. UOI 2024
βœ…Coram: 7 Judges
1. CJI D.Y. Chandrachud
2. A.S. Bopanna
3. M.M. Sundresh
4. J.B. Pardiwala
5. Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha
6. Manoj Mishra
7. Sanjay Kumar

βœ… Issue: Would a legislator who receives a bribe to cast a vote in a certain direction or speak about certain issues be protected by parliamentary privilege❓

βœ… Sections:
βœ”οΈ105(2)-
No MP shall be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said or any vote given by him in Parliament or any committee thereof, and no person shall be so liable in respect of the publication by or under the authority of either House of Parliament of any report, paper, votes or proceedings.
βœ”οΈ194(2)- Same for MLAs

βœ… Facts: Jharkhand MLA did not cast vote after taking bribe in rajya Sabha election High Court declined to quash the criminal proceedings on the ground that the appellant had not cast her vote in favour of the alleged bribe giver, not entitled to the protection under Article 194(2). (Scope of present judgment confined to doubting correctness of PV. Narasimha 1998)

βœ… PV. Narasimha Rao v. State 1998 (5 Judge bench)

1. Two Issues were there 1 is the same as the present case and another one was MP falls within purview of POCA, 1988

[2024 judgment deals with only one issue]

Held:
βœ”οΈ SP bharucha & S Rajendra babu -
1. In respect of” in Article 105(2) must receive a β€œbroad meaning” MP is protected from any proceedings in a court of law that relate to, nexus with anything said or a vote given by him in Parliament.

2. Also -- Why does an MP not voting after taking Bribery will not come under 105 - immunity under Article 105(2) is operative only insofar as it pertains to what has been said or voted.

3. Bribe givers are liable.

βœ”οΈSC Garwal & AS Anand
1. Expression β€œin respect of” precedes the words β€œanything said or any vote given” in Article 105(2). The words β€œanything said or any vote given” can only mean speech that has been made or a vote that has already been given and does not extend to cases where the speech has not been made or the vote has not been cast.
(Dissented majority)

2. Act of acceptance of a bribe for speaking or giving a vote against the motion arises independently of the making of the speech or giving of the vote by the MP.

βœ”οΈ GN Ray concurred with 1st 2 judges this forming majority against S.C. Agarwal.

βœ…Submissions made by Appellant and intervenors (on behalf of MLA of Jharkhand and Attorney/solicitors respectively)

1. Attorney General, the election of members to the Rajya Sabha is akin to any other election process and cannot be treated as a matter of business or function of the legislature, hence no immunity.

2. Intervenors - The offence under Section 7 (and Section 13) of the POCA does not require β€˜performance’. Therefore, Voting or speech is irrelevant of Bribery, Also word any should not include everything because of exceptional immunity and strict and narrow interpretation in corruption case.

3. Amicus curiae - Minority judgment of PV Narasimha is correct and USA Canada UK too does not give immunity to Bribery.

4. Appellant - The overruling of long-settled law in PV Narasimha Rao is unwarranted according to the tests laid down by this court on overturning judicial precedents (keshav mills co. 1965 cited)

-----------------------------------
βœ… Reconsidering PV Narasimha Rao does not violate the principle of stare decisis

1. Smaller bench must follow larger bench judgment but similar bench can raise question and place it before larger bench (as happened here from 2 judges bench to 3 then 5 where doubtless was raised in 2023 and placed before 7 bench)

2. Ability of this Court to reconsider its decisions is necessary for the organic development of law and the advancement of justice. If this Court is denuded of its power to reconsider its decisions, the development of constitutional jurisprudence would virtually come to a standstill.

Continued...

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