🔆 Key Takeaways: Ecology as the Foundation of Economy
📍 Ecology and Economy
✅ Echoes Sunderlal Bahuguna’s statement: “Ecology is the permanent economy”
✅ Human prosperity depends on ecological health; economic development without resource conservation is impossible
📍 Need for Sustainable Development
✅ Balance between environmental conservation and economic goals is essential
✅ True sustainability means both environment and economy thriving together
📍 Human Disconnection from Nature
✅ Civilisation has led to growing disconnection from nature
✅ This contributes significantly to ongoing biodiversity loss
📍 Evolution of Resource Use & Global Competition
✅ Shift from individual to collective resource consumption increased global competition
✅ Humans often overexploit resources, ignoring ecosystem balance, causing long-term damage
📍 Climate Crisis & Biodiversity Loss
✅ Consumption and competition accelerate climate change and biodiversity decline
✅ Paradox: we exploit nature while relying on it as a buffer, risking deeper ecological imbalance
📍 Moral & Existential Dimensions
✅ Recognising ecology as the foundation of survival, economy, and climate resilience is critical
✅ Climate crisis is not just scientific — it’s a moral and existential reckoning
📍 Reconnecting with Nature
✅ Humanity must re-establish bond with nature to support sustainability
✅ Despite technology distancing us, humans have a unique power to emotionally reconnect with nature
📍 Policy Implications
✅ Conservation efforts should focus on strengthening emotional bonds with nature
✅ Realising “ecology is the permanent economy” is more important than just understanding ecological complexity
#environment
📍 Ecology and Economy
✅ Echoes Sunderlal Bahuguna’s statement: “Ecology is the permanent economy”
✅ Human prosperity depends on ecological health; economic development without resource conservation is impossible
📍 Need for Sustainable Development
✅ Balance between environmental conservation and economic goals is essential
✅ True sustainability means both environment and economy thriving together
📍 Human Disconnection from Nature
✅ Civilisation has led to growing disconnection from nature
✅ This contributes significantly to ongoing biodiversity loss
📍 Evolution of Resource Use & Global Competition
✅ Shift from individual to collective resource consumption increased global competition
✅ Humans often overexploit resources, ignoring ecosystem balance, causing long-term damage
📍 Climate Crisis & Biodiversity Loss
✅ Consumption and competition accelerate climate change and biodiversity decline
✅ Paradox: we exploit nature while relying on it as a buffer, risking deeper ecological imbalance
📍 Moral & Existential Dimensions
✅ Recognising ecology as the foundation of survival, economy, and climate resilience is critical
✅ Climate crisis is not just scientific — it’s a moral and existential reckoning
📍 Reconnecting with Nature
✅ Humanity must re-establish bond with nature to support sustainability
✅ Despite technology distancing us, humans have a unique power to emotionally reconnect with nature
📍 Policy Implications
✅ Conservation efforts should focus on strengthening emotional bonds with nature
✅ Realising “ecology is the permanent economy” is more important than just understanding ecological complexity
#environment
❤3
Casting couch
🔆 Kerala Police Drop 35 Sexual Assault Cases
📍 Key Insights
✅ The Justice Hema Committee report, submitted in December 2019, revealed that 35 sexual assault cases were dropped by Kerala police.
✅ Casting couch culture in the Malayalam film industry was cited as a factor in the dropping of charges. Powerful men allegedly demanded sexual favors for roles.
✅ The Kerala government delayed the report release, citing concerns over personal stories of survivors.
✅ Report findings urge the government to address the culture of sexual harassment in the Malayalam film industry.
#JusticeHemaCommittee #KeralaPolice #SexualAssault #PublicPolicy
🔆 Kerala Police Drop 35 Sexual Assault Cases
📍 Key Insights
✅ The Justice Hema Committee report, submitted in December 2019, revealed that 35 sexual assault cases were dropped by Kerala police.
✅ Casting couch culture in the Malayalam film industry was cited as a factor in the dropping of charges. Powerful men allegedly demanded sexual favors for roles.
✅ The Kerala government delayed the report release, citing concerns over personal stories of survivors.
✅ Report findings urge the government to address the culture of sexual harassment in the Malayalam film industry.
#JusticeHemaCommittee #KeralaPolice #SexualAssault #PublicPolicy
❤4🥰2🙏1
🔆 Hydrology of the Brahmaputra: Key Insights
📍 Origin & Flow
The Brahmaputra originates as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, enters India as Siang in Arunachal, and flows as Brahmaputra in Assam before becoming Jamuna in Bangladesh.
📍 Rainfall Dependency
Arunachal contributes 42.57% of India’s Brahmaputra basin rainfall; Tibet contributes <20% of water yield in India.
📍 Chinese Projects
China’s upstream dams, including the massive Medog dam and South-North Water Diversion Project, pose concerns but lie upstream of Arunachal, limiting major impact.
📍 Indian Strategy
India must prepare a long-term river strategy focusing on real-time data, resilience, and multilateral diplomacy to counter upstream threats.
📍 Origin & Flow
The Brahmaputra originates as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, enters India as Siang in Arunachal, and flows as Brahmaputra in Assam before becoming Jamuna in Bangladesh.
📍 Rainfall Dependency
Arunachal contributes 42.57% of India’s Brahmaputra basin rainfall; Tibet contributes <20% of water yield in India.
📍 Chinese Projects
China’s upstream dams, including the massive Medog dam and South-North Water Diversion Project, pose concerns but lie upstream of Arunachal, limiting major impact.
📍 Indian Strategy
India must prepare a long-term river strategy focusing on real-time data, resilience, and multilateral diplomacy to counter upstream threats.
❤5
🔆 Rajasthan’s Cash Plus Model Boosts Women’s Health
📍 Rajasthan’s Cash Plus model, India’s first state-led pilot, links cash transfers with counselling to improve maternal and child nutrition.
✅ Led to a 49% rise in early breastfeeding, 44% increase in counselling uptake, and better diet diversity.
✅ Covers 3.3 million women; part of PMMVY+SBCC approach.
✅ Backed by Ministry of Women & Child Development and scaled up since 2022.
📍 Rajasthan’s Cash Plus model, India’s first state-led pilot, links cash transfers with counselling to improve maternal and child nutrition.
✅ Led to a 49% rise in early breastfeeding, 44% increase in counselling uptake, and better diet diversity.
✅ Covers 3.3 million women; part of PMMVY+SBCC approach.
✅ Backed by Ministry of Women & Child Development and scaled up since 2022.
❤4
🔆 Judicial Discretion & Bail in POCSO Cases
📍 Recent Development
✅ A Mumbai POCSO court granted bail to a 40-year-old female teacher accused of sexually assaulting a teenage boy, citing the consensual nature of their relationship
✅ This has reignited debates on judicial discretion, bail jurisprudence, and age of consent under POCSO
📍 Legal Background
✅ POCSO Act (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act):
• Deals with sexual offences against minors (under 18)
• Consent is not recognised under 18 years of age
✅ Burden of proof: Unlike normal criminal law, the accused bears the burden of proving innocence
✅ Bail is not automatic; courts consider:
• Nature & gravity of offence
• Age difference between victim & accused
• Consent claims, and duration already spent in custody
📍 Notable Precedents
✅ Dharander Singh case (Delhi HC): Considered age gap & consensual nature
✅ Deshraj v. State of Rajasthan (2024): SC granted bail to 18-year-old boy for relationship with 16-year-old girl
📍 Debate on Age of Consent
✅ Senior Advocate Indira Jaising urged the SC to reduce age of consent from 18 to 16, calling criminalisation of adolescent relationships a violation of rights
✅ Centre opposed, warning it could undermine protections for minors and increase risk of child abuse
#POCSO #JudicialDiscretion #BailLaw #AgeOfConsent #GS2 #UPSC2025 #polity
📍 Recent Development
✅ A Mumbai POCSO court granted bail to a 40-year-old female teacher accused of sexually assaulting a teenage boy, citing the consensual nature of their relationship
✅ This has reignited debates on judicial discretion, bail jurisprudence, and age of consent under POCSO
📍 Legal Background
✅ POCSO Act (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act):
• Deals with sexual offences against minors (under 18)
• Consent is not recognised under 18 years of age
✅ Burden of proof: Unlike normal criminal law, the accused bears the burden of proving innocence
✅ Bail is not automatic; courts consider:
• Nature & gravity of offence
• Age difference between victim & accused
• Consent claims, and duration already spent in custody
📍 Notable Precedents
✅ Dharander Singh case (Delhi HC): Considered age gap & consensual nature
✅ Deshraj v. State of Rajasthan (2024): SC granted bail to 18-year-old boy for relationship with 16-year-old girl
📍 Debate on Age of Consent
✅ Senior Advocate Indira Jaising urged the SC to reduce age of consent from 18 to 16, calling criminalisation of adolescent relationships a violation of rights
✅ Centre opposed, warning it could undermine protections for minors and increase risk of child abuse
📝 Prelims Question
Q. Under the POCSO Act, which of the following statements is correct?
A. Consent is valid if the minor is above 16 years
B. Bail is granted as per standard criminal law procedures
C. Accused bears the burden of proving innocence ✅
D. Consent is recognized if recorded before magistrate
🖋️ Mains Question (GS2 – Polity & Governance)
Q. “Judicial discretion in POCSO bail cases must balance the protection of minors with evolving social realities.” Discuss the implications of criminalising adolescent relationships under the POCSO Act
#POCSO #JudicialDiscretion #BailLaw #AgeOfConsent #GS2 #UPSC2025 #polity
❤13
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📘 POLITY • GOVERNANCE • IR
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PREMIUM SUPER 100 - All in One - UPSC LECTURE & RESOURCES 👇👇👇👇👇 👇 👇 👇 👇
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✅ 2023-24 Currently Affairs - Vajiram.
✅ 2024 Prelims Smart Current affairs.
✅ Socity - Smriti Ma'am
✅ ESSAY - Vajiram & Ravi.
✅ ESSAY - Sabbir Ahmed Sir
✅ ETHICS - Vikas Divyakirti 2024
✅ Ethics - Lukman IAS 2024
✅ ECONOMICS - PCB12 - MURNAL SIR
✅ Geography Environment and Disaster management - Sudarshan sir
✅ ECONOMICS - Vivek Singh
✅ ECONOMICS - Zulfikar sir
✅ Polity - M. PURI
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✅ Ethics - Lukman IAS 2024
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✅ Geography Environment and Disaster management - Sudarshan sir
✅ ECONOMICS - Vivek Singh
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📘 POLITY • GOVERNANCE • IR
✅ Jatin Gupta – Polity | 2024
✅ M. Puri – Polity
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✅ M. Puri – International Relations
✅ Siddharth Arora – Polity | 2023
✅ Atish Mathur – Polity | 2023
📊 ECONOMY
✅ Shivin Chaudhary | 2025–26 Module
✅ Vivek Singh | 2024
✅ Jayant Sir – Vajiram & Ravi | 2024
✅ Zulfikar Sir
✅ Mrunal Sir – PCB 12
🌍 ENVIRONMENT • GEOGRAPHY • DM
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Environment | 2024
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Disaster Management | 2024
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Geography | 2024
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Geography Revision | 2024
📜 HISTORY • ART & CULTURE
✅ Prateek Nayak – History | 2024
✅ Prateek Nayak – Art & Culture | 2024
✅ Neeraj Rao – History | 2024
✅ Neeraj Rao – Art & Culture | 2024
👥 SOCIETY • SOCIAL JUSTICE
✅ Smriti Ma’am – Indian Society | 2024
✅ Smriti Ma’am – Social Justice | 2024
⚖️ ETHICS
✅ Lukmaan IAS – Ethics | 2024
✅ Dr. Vikas Divyakirti – Ethics | 2024
✅ Atul Garg – Ethics
✅ Vajiram & Ravi – Ethics Improvement Program | 2025
✅ Peeyush Sir, IAS Hub – Ethics Maximizer | 2024
✍️ ESSAY
✅ Peeyush Sir, IAS Hub – Essay Maximizer | 2024
✅ Shubhra Ranjan – Essay for Mains | 2025–26
✅ Shabbir Ahmed – Essay | 2024
✅ Bijender Sir, Vajiram & Ravi – Essay | 2024
🧠 CSAT
✅ Amit Garg | 2024 & 2025
✅ Amit Garg | 2026
✅ Sarthi IAS – CSAT PYQ Analysis
📝 MAINS • ANSWER WRITING • PYQs
✅ Vision IAS – Advanced Course GS Mains | 2025 English Batch
✅ IAS Hub – Science of Answer Writing | 2023–24
✅ ForumIAS – Answer Writing Focus Group | 2024
✅ ForumIAS – PYQ Analysis | 2024
✅ Sarthi IAS – MMP Plus | 2025
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📚 UPSC CSE OPTIONAL BATCHES
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👥 SOCIOLOGY
➤ Pranav Agarwal Sir | 2024
➤ Vikas Ranjan Sir | 2024
➤ Nishant Sir – LevelUp IAS | 2022–23
🧬 ANTHROPOLOGY
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➤ ForumIAS | 2024
➤ Karandeep Sir | 2023
🏛 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
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➤ Shabbir Ahmed Sir | 2024
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✅ Dr. Vikas Divyakirti – Ethics | 2024
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➤ Shabbir Ahmed Sir | 2024
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➤ Piyush Chaubey Sir | 2025
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📘 POLITY • GOVERNANCE • IR
✅ Jatin Gupta – Polity | 2024
✅ M. Puri – Polity
✅ M. Puri – Governance
✅ M. Puri – International Relations
✅ Siddharth Arora – Polity | 2023
✅ Atish Mathur – Polity | 2023
📊 ECONOMY
✅ Shivin Chaudhary | 2025–26 Module
✅ Vivek Singh | 2024
✅ Jayant Sir – Vajiram & Ravi | 2024
✅ Zulfikar Sir
✅ Mrunal Sir – PCB 12
🌍 ENVIRONMENT • GEOGRAPHY • DM
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Environment | 2024
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Disaster Management | 2024
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Geography | 2024
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Geography Revision | 2024
📜 HISTORY • ART & CULTURE
✅ Prateek Nayak – History | 2024
✅ Prateek Nayak – Art & Culture | 2024
✅ Neeraj Rao – History | 2024
✅ Neeraj Rao – Art & Culture | 2024
👥 SOCIETY • SOCIAL JUSTICE
✅ Smriti Ma’am – Indian Society | 2024
✅ Smriti Ma’am – Social Justice | 2024
⚖️ ETHICS
✅ Lukmaan IAS – Ethics | 2024
✅ Dr. Vikas Divyakirti – Ethics | 2024
✅ Atul Garg – Ethics
✅ Vajiram & Ravi – Ethics Improvement Program | 2025
✅ Peeyush Sir, IAS Hub – Ethics Maximizer | 2024
✍️ ESSAY
✅ Peeyush Sir, IAS Hub – Essay Maximizer | 2024
✅ Shubhra Ranjan – Essay for Mains | 2025–26
✅ Shabbir Ahmed – Essay | 2024
✅ Bijender Sir, Vajiram & Ravi – Essay | 2024
🧠 CSAT
✅ Amit Garg | 2024 & 2025
✅ Amit Garg | 2026
✅ Sarthi IAS – CSAT PYQ Analysis
📝 MAINS • ANSWER WRITING • PYQs
✅ Vision IAS – Advanced Course GS Mains | 2025 English Batch
✅ IAS Hub – Science of Answer Writing | 2023–24
✅ ForumIAS – Answer Writing Focus Group | 2024
✅ ForumIAS – PYQ Analysis | 2024
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➤ Pranav Agarwal Sir | 2024
➤ Vikas Ranjan Sir | 2024
➤ Nishant Sir – LevelUp IAS | 2022–23
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🎯 UPSC CSE Preparation Support
🏛 GS FOUNDATION
✅ Vajiram & Ravi | 2024–25
✅ Vision IAS | 2024–25
✅ NEXT IAS | 2024–25
✅ ForumIAS | 2024–25
✅ Sarthi IAS | 2024–25
✅ Vision IAS Quick Revision | 2024
📘 POLITY • GOVERNANCE • IR
✅ Jatin Gupta – Polity | 2024
✅ M. Puri – Polity
✅ M. Puri – Governance
✅ M. Puri – International Relations
✅ Siddharth Arora – Polity | 2023
✅ Atish Mathur – Polity | 2023
📊 ECONOMY
✅ Shivin Chaudhary | 2025–26 Module
✅ Vivek Singh | 2024
✅ Jayant Sir – Vajiram & Ravi | 2024
✅ Zulfikar Sir
✅ Mrunal Sir – PCB 12
🌍 ENVIRONMENT • GEOGRAPHY • DM
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Environment | 2024
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Disaster Management | 2024
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Geography | 2024
✅ Sudarshan Sir – Geography Revision | 2024
📜 HISTORY • ART & CULTURE
✅ Prateek Nayak – History | 2024
✅ Prateek Nayak – Art & Culture | 2024
✅ Neeraj Rao – History | 2024
✅ Neeraj Rao – Art & Culture | 2024
👥 SOCIETY • SOCIAL JUSTICE
✅ Smriti Ma’am – Indian Society | 2024
✅ Smriti Ma’am – Social Justice | 2024
⚖️ ETHICS
✅ Lukmaan IAS – Ethics | 2024
✅ Dr. Vikas Divyakirti – Ethics | 2024
✅ Atul Garg – Ethics
✅ Vajiram & Ravi – Ethics Improvement Program | 2025
✅ Peeyush Sir, IAS Hub – Ethics Maximizer | 2024
✍️ ESSAY
✅ Peeyush Sir, IAS Hub – Essay Maximizer | 2024
✅ Shubhra Ranjan – Essay for Mains | 2025–26
✅ Shabbir Ahmed – Essay | 2024
✅ Bijender Sir, Vajiram & Ravi – Essay | 2024
🧠 CSAT
✅ Amit Garg | 2024 & 2025
✅ Amit Garg | 2026
✅ Sarthi IAS – CSAT PYQ Analysis
📝 MAINS • ANSWER WRITING • PYQs
✅ Vision IAS – Advanced Course GS Mains | 2025 English Batch
✅ IAS Hub – Science of Answer Writing | 2023–24
✅ ForumIAS – Answer Writing Focus Group | 2024
✅ ForumIAS – PYQ Analysis | 2024
✅ Sarthi IAS – MMP Plus | 2025
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📚 UPSC CSE OPTIONAL BATCHES
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➤ Piyush Chaubey Sir | 2025
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➤ Rajesh Mishra Sir | Hindi Medium | 2024
👥 SOCIOLOGY
➤ Pranav Agarwal Sir | 2024
➤ Vikas Ranjan Sir | 2024
➤ Nishant Sir – LevelUp IAS | 2022–23
🧬 ANTHROPOLOGY
➤ NEXT IAS | 2024
➤ ForumIAS | 2024
➤ Karandeep Sir | 2023
🏛 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
➤ Lukmaan IAS | 2025
🌍 GEOGRAPHY
➤ Shabbir Ahmed Sir | 2024
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➤ Himanshu Thapa Sir (PW) | 2025
📜 HISTORY
➤ Prateek Nayak Sir
➤ StudyIQ | 2024
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➤ Sunya IAS | 2023–24
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➤ Sunya IAS | 2023–24
➗ MATHEMATICS
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➤ IMS | Old Batch
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➤ Vibhas Jha Sir – NEXT IAS | 2023–24
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🎯 UPSC CSE Preparation Support
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Daily eNewspaper
Daily eNewspaper The hindi and Indian Express , backup - https://t.me/+M04q0CYbas4wZDk1
Forwarded from Admin
📚 UPSC CSE OPTIONAL BATCHES
🎯 PSIR
➤ Piyush Chaubey Sir | 2025
➤ Shashank Tyagi Sir | 2024
➤ ForumIAS | 2024
➤ Rajesh Mishra Sir | Hindi Medium | 2024
👥 SOCIOLOGY
➤ Pranav Agarwal Sir | 2024
➤ Vikas Ranjan Sir | 2024
➤ Nishant Sir – LevelUp IAS | 2022–23
🧬 ANTHROPOLOGY
➤ NEXT IAS | 2024
➤ ForumIAS | 2024
➤ Karandeep Sir | 2023
🏛 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
➤ Lukmaan IAS | 2025
🌍 GEOGRAPHY
➤ Shabbir Ahmed Sir | 2024
↳ With Enrichment Programme
➤ Himanshu Thapa Sir (PW) | 2025
📜 HISTORY
➤ Prateek Nayak Sir
➤ StudyIQ | 2024
🌳 FORESTRY
➤ Hornbill Classes | 2023–24
➤ Sunya IAS | 2023–24
🌾 AGRICULTURE
➤ Sunya IAS | 2023–24
➗ MATHEMATICS
➤ NEXT IAS | 2023–24
➤ IMS | Old Batch
📊 ECONOMICS
➤ Vibhas Jha Sir – NEXT IAS | 2023–24
⚖️ LAW
➤ Ambition IAS | 2022
💭 PHILOSOPHY
➤ Mitra’s IAS | 2022
📖 HINDI LITERATURE
➤ Vikas Divyakirti Sir
🔥 ALL MAJOR UPSC OPTIONAL SUBJECTS
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🎯 UPSC CSE Preparation Support
🎯 PSIR
➤ Piyush Chaubey Sir | 2025
➤ Shashank Tyagi Sir | 2024
➤ ForumIAS | 2024
➤ Rajesh Mishra Sir | Hindi Medium | 2024
👥 SOCIOLOGY
➤ Pranav Agarwal Sir | 2024
➤ Vikas Ranjan Sir | 2024
➤ Nishant Sir – LevelUp IAS | 2022–23
🧬 ANTHROPOLOGY
➤ NEXT IAS | 2024
➤ ForumIAS | 2024
➤ Karandeep Sir | 2023
🏛 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
➤ Lukmaan IAS | 2025
🌍 GEOGRAPHY
➤ Shabbir Ahmed Sir | 2024
↳ With Enrichment Programme
➤ Himanshu Thapa Sir (PW) | 2025
📜 HISTORY
➤ Prateek Nayak Sir
➤ StudyIQ | 2024
🌳 FORESTRY
➤ Hornbill Classes | 2023–24
➤ Sunya IAS | 2023–24
🌾 AGRICULTURE
➤ Sunya IAS | 2023–24
➗ MATHEMATICS
➤ NEXT IAS | 2023–24
➤ IMS | Old Batch
📊 ECONOMICS
➤ Vibhas Jha Sir – NEXT IAS | 2023–24
⚖️ LAW
➤ Ambition IAS | 2022
💭 PHILOSOPHY
➤ Mitra’s IAS | 2022
📖 HINDI LITERATURE
➤ Vikas Divyakirti Sir
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