Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Climate Change Performance Index*
*♟️Launched* at COP30 - Belem,Brazil
*♟️Published by:* Germanwatch, New Climate Institute,Climate Action Network International
*♟️Purpose:* Tracks climate mitigation progress of the world’s largest emitters
*♟️Key Indicators -* GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, Climate Policy
*♟️Coverage:* 63 countries + European Union
(account for >90% of global GHG emissions)
*♟️Top Performers -* Denmark (3rd), United Kingdom(4th), Morocco(5th)
*♟️Note:* No country occupies the top three positions because none is fully Paris-compatible.
♟️INDIA ranks 23rd, Sharp fall of 13 places (10th to 23rd).
-Moves from High to Medium Performer.
*♟️Launched* at COP30 - Belem,Brazil
*♟️Published by:* Germanwatch, New Climate Institute,Climate Action Network International
*♟️Purpose:* Tracks climate mitigation progress of the world’s largest emitters
*♟️Key Indicators -* GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, Climate Policy
*♟️Coverage:* 63 countries + European Union
(account for >90% of global GHG emissions)
*♟️Top Performers -* Denmark (3rd), United Kingdom(4th), Morocco(5th)
*♟️Note:* No country occupies the top three positions because none is fully Paris-compatible.
♟️INDIA ranks 23rd, Sharp fall of 13 places (10th to 23rd).
-Moves from High to Medium Performer.
❤2
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
🛡️ *Major Environmental Institutes*
♟️National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) —Nagpur, Maharashtra
♟️Central Avian Research Institute —Izzatnagar, Barreilly
♟️Largest museum in India —Chennai, Tamil Nadu
♟️Largest fish aquarium in India —Mumbai, Maharashtra
♟️Largest Zoo in India —Alipur, Kolkata. best study channel-study for civil services
♟️Largest bird park in India —Bharatpur, Rajasthan
♟️Largest Zoo in the World —Kruger National Park
♟️National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) —Nagpur, Maharashtra
♟️Central Avian Research Institute —Izzatnagar, Barreilly
♟️Largest museum in India —Chennai, Tamil Nadu
♟️Largest fish aquarium in India —Mumbai, Maharashtra
♟️Largest Zoo in India —Alipur, Kolkata. best study channel-study for civil services
♟️Largest bird park in India —Bharatpur, Rajasthan
♟️Largest Zoo in the World —Kruger National Park
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🏔️ Highest Peaks of Indian States*
👉 Trick: “Kanchen loves Kamal”
Kanchen ➨ Kanchenjunga (Sikkim)
Kamal ➨ Kamet (Uttarakhand)
Nanda ➨ Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand)
Anai ➨ Anai Mudi (Kerala – South India’s highest)
*🌍 Countries bordering India*
👉 Trick: “My Brother Never Bangs China”
My ➨ Myanmar
Brother ➨ Bhutan
Never ➨ Nepal
Bangs ➨ Bangladesh
China ➨ China
(Also Pakistan – easy to remember separately)
*🛕 States where Sun Temple is located*
👉 Trick: “Kota Mod Sun”
Ko ➨ Konark (Odisha)
Ta ➨ Tamil Nadu (Kumbakonam, etc.)
Mo ➨ Modhera (Gujarat)
*🛣️ National Highways – Golden Quadrilateral Cities*
👉 Trick: “DKCM” = Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai
D ➨ Delhi
K ➨ Kolkata
C ➨ Chennai
M ➨ Mumbai
*🏞️ Indian Rivers & Their Nicknames*
👉 Trick: “G-G-KM”
Ganga ➨ Holy River
Godavari ➨ Dakshin Ganga (Ganga of the South)
Krishna ➨ Maharashtra’s lifeline
Mahanadi ➨ Odisha’s lifeline
*🏛️ First in Indian Constitution*
👉 Trick: “Raja made Ambedkar drink”
Raja ➨ Rajendra Prasad (First President)
Made ➨ Rajendra Prasad again (First Food Minister)
Ambedkar ➨ First Law Minister
Drink ➨ Sukumar Sen (First CEC – Election)
👉 Trick: “Kanchen loves Kamal”
Kanchen ➨ Kanchenjunga (Sikkim)
Kamal ➨ Kamet (Uttarakhand)
Nanda ➨ Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand)
Anai ➨ Anai Mudi (Kerala – South India’s highest)
*🌍 Countries bordering India*
👉 Trick: “My Brother Never Bangs China”
My ➨ Myanmar
Brother ➨ Bhutan
Never ➨ Nepal
Bangs ➨ Bangladesh
China ➨ China
(Also Pakistan – easy to remember separately)
*🛕 States where Sun Temple is located*
👉 Trick: “Kota Mod Sun”
Ko ➨ Konark (Odisha)
Ta ➨ Tamil Nadu (Kumbakonam, etc.)
Mo ➨ Modhera (Gujarat)
*🛣️ National Highways – Golden Quadrilateral Cities*
👉 Trick: “DKCM” = Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai
D ➨ Delhi
K ➨ Kolkata
C ➨ Chennai
M ➨ Mumbai
*🏞️ Indian Rivers & Their Nicknames*
👉 Trick: “G-G-KM”
Ganga ➨ Holy River
Godavari ➨ Dakshin Ganga (Ganga of the South)
Krishna ➨ Maharashtra’s lifeline
Mahanadi ➨ Odisha’s lifeline
*🏛️ First in Indian Constitution*
👉 Trick: “Raja made Ambedkar drink”
Raja ➨ Rajendra Prasad (First President)
Made ➨ Rajendra Prasad again (First Food Minister)
Ambedkar ➨ First Law Minister
Drink ➨ Sukumar Sen (First CEC – Election)
❤4👍1
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Women & Gender Data Highlights*
♟️Overall sex ratio = 1020 women for every 1000 men, sex ratios at birth abnormally low = 929/1000
♟️Increase in share of gender budget in total union budget to 6.5% in 2024
♟️Female Labour Force Participation Rate - 2023 = 37% (2018 = 23%), global average = 65%
♟️PMJDY - 55% account holders are women
♟️India ranked 129/146 in Global Gender Gap Index 2024, ranked behind neighbours like B’desh (99), China (106), Nepal (117), Sri Lanka (122), Bhutan (124)
♟️Women in India on average earn 70% of what men earn for the same job (globally = 80%)
♟️Women in Indian Parliament = 14.7% (lower than global avg of 27%)
♟️Literacy rate of women in India is 65% while that of men is 82%
♟️Women make up > 40% of STEM graduates but constitue < 15% of STEM professionals employed in R&D institutions
♟️More than 90% of women are involved in unpaid domestic services for household members (men = 27%)
♟️57% of the women aged 15-49 are anaemic
♟️74.10% of married women have their demand for family planning met by any modern method
♟️210 among every 1,000 persons in managerial positions are women
♟️55.63% Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan accounts held by women.
♟️Overall sex ratio = 1020 women for every 1000 men, sex ratios at birth abnormally low = 929/1000
♟️Increase in share of gender budget in total union budget to 6.5% in 2024
♟️Female Labour Force Participation Rate - 2023 = 37% (2018 = 23%), global average = 65%
♟️PMJDY - 55% account holders are women
♟️India ranked 129/146 in Global Gender Gap Index 2024, ranked behind neighbours like B’desh (99), China (106), Nepal (117), Sri Lanka (122), Bhutan (124)
♟️Women in India on average earn 70% of what men earn for the same job (globally = 80%)
♟️Women in Indian Parliament = 14.7% (lower than global avg of 27%)
♟️Literacy rate of women in India is 65% while that of men is 82%
♟️Women make up > 40% of STEM graduates but constitue < 15% of STEM professionals employed in R&D institutions
♟️More than 90% of women are involved in unpaid domestic services for household members (men = 27%)
♟️57% of the women aged 15-49 are anaemic
♟️74.10% of married women have their demand for family planning met by any modern method
♟️210 among every 1,000 persons in managerial positions are women
♟️55.63% Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan accounts held by women.
❤1
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Important Conferences Related to Environment*
♟️Ramsar Convention - 1971
♟️Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora - 1973
♟️Montreal Protocol - 1987
♟️Vienna Convention - 1988
♟️Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - 1992
♟️United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - 1992
♟️Basel Convention - 1989
♟️Rio Summit - 1992
♟️Stockholm Convention - 2001
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety - 2000
♟️UN-REDD - 2008
♟️Nagoya Protocol - 2010
♟️Minamata Convention - 2013
♟️United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) - 1994
♟️Kyoto Protocol - 1997
♟️Rotterdam Convention - 1998
♟️Ramsar Convention - 1971
♟️Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora - 1973
♟️Montreal Protocol - 1987
♟️Vienna Convention - 1988
♟️Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - 1992
♟️United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - 1992
♟️Basel Convention - 1989
♟️Rio Summit - 1992
♟️Stockholm Convention - 2001
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety - 2000
♟️UN-REDD - 2008
♟️Nagoya Protocol - 2010
♟️Minamata Convention - 2013
♟️United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) - 1994
♟️Kyoto Protocol - 1997
♟️Rotterdam Convention - 1998
❤3
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Major Wildlife Institutes*
♟️Indian Zoological Survey Centre – Kolkata
♟️Centre for Ecological Sciences – Bengaluru
♟️Indian Institute of Forest Management – Bhopal
♟️Govind Ballabh Pant Institute – Almora (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Forest College – Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Forest Survey Centre – Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment – New Delhi
♟️Indian Forest Ranger College – Dehradun
♟️Indian Wildlife Research Institute – Dehradun
♟️Indian Zoological Survey Centre Kolkata
♟️Indian Wildlife Research Institute – Dehradun
♟️Indian Botanical Garden – Kolkata
♟️Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) – Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)
♟️National Environmental Research Institute – Nagpur
♟️Rainforest Research Institute – Jorhat
♟️Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Institute - Coimbatore
♟️Forest Productivity Centre – Ranchi
♟️Central Avian Research Institute - Izzatnagar, Bareilly.
♟️Indian Zoological Survey Centre – Kolkata
♟️Centre for Ecological Sciences – Bengaluru
♟️Indian Institute of Forest Management – Bhopal
♟️Govind Ballabh Pant Institute – Almora (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Forest College – Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Forest Survey Centre – Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment – New Delhi
♟️Indian Forest Ranger College – Dehradun
♟️Indian Wildlife Research Institute – Dehradun
♟️Indian Zoological Survey Centre Kolkata
♟️Indian Wildlife Research Institute – Dehradun
♟️Indian Botanical Garden – Kolkata
♟️Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) – Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)
♟️National Environmental Research Institute – Nagpur
♟️Rainforest Research Institute – Jorhat
♟️Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Institute - Coimbatore
♟️Forest Productivity Centre – Ranchi
♟️Central Avian Research Institute - Izzatnagar, Bareilly.
❤2
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Pacific Ocean*
*💎Warm Currents:-*
♟️1. Kuroshio Current (Japan Current)
♟️2. North Equatorial Current
♟️3. South Equatorial Current
♟️4. East Australian Current
♟️5. Equatorial Counter Current
♟️6. Alaskan Current
*💎Cold Currents:-*
♟️1. Oyashio Current
♟️2. California Current
♟️3. Peru Current (Humboldt Current)
♟️4. West Wind Drift (part of Antarctic Circumpolar Current).
*💎Warm Currents:-*
♟️1. Kuroshio Current (Japan Current)
♟️2. North Equatorial Current
♟️3. South Equatorial Current
♟️4. East Australian Current
♟️5. Equatorial Counter Current
♟️6. Alaskan Current
*💎Cold Currents:-*
♟️1. Oyashio Current
♟️2. California Current
♟️3. Peru Current (Humboldt Current)
♟️4. West Wind Drift (part of Antarctic Circumpolar Current).
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*Supporting Balanced Fertilization:*
*Nutrient-Based Subsidy Rates for Rabi 2025–26*
_Ensuring affordability and productivity in Indian agriculture_
Key Highlights
🌾 The Government *approved the Nutrient-Based Subsidy (NBS) rates for Rabi 2025–26* , effective from 1 October 2025 to 31 March 2026, covering Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) fertilizers, including DAP and NPKS grades.
💰 The *tentative budgetary requirement for Rabi 2025–26* is approximately *₹37,952 crore ,about ₹736 crore higher* than the budgetary requirement for the Kharif 2025 season.
📊 Over *₹2.04 lakh crore allocated* between 2022–23 and 2024–25 towards *NBS subsidies* , ensuring affordable access to fertilizers.
🏭 NBS has driven *significant growth in domestic fertilizer production* , with P&K fertilizers (DAP and NPKS) output *increasing from 112.19 LMT in 2014 to 168.55 LMT in 2025* (as on 30.12.2025), reflecting over *50% growth* during the period.
*Nutrient-Based Subsidy Rates for Rabi 2025–26*
_Ensuring affordability and productivity in Indian agriculture_
Key Highlights
🌾 The Government *approved the Nutrient-Based Subsidy (NBS) rates for Rabi 2025–26* , effective from 1 October 2025 to 31 March 2026, covering Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) fertilizers, including DAP and NPKS grades.
💰 The *tentative budgetary requirement for Rabi 2025–26* is approximately *₹37,952 crore ,about ₹736 crore higher* than the budgetary requirement for the Kharif 2025 season.
📊 Over *₹2.04 lakh crore allocated* between 2022–23 and 2024–25 towards *NBS subsidies* , ensuring affordable access to fertilizers.
🏭 NBS has driven *significant growth in domestic fertilizer production* , with P&K fertilizers (DAP and NPKS) output *increasing from 112.19 LMT in 2014 to 168.55 LMT in 2025* (as on 30.12.2025), reflecting over *50% growth* during the period.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
UPPSC Exam Calendar 2026
UPPSC Mains 2025 29 March
UPPSC Prelims 2026 6th December
UPPSC Mains 2025 29 March
UPPSC Prelims 2026 6th December