Erosional and Depositional Landforms by Different Natural Agents

1. River Landforms


- Erosional:
- V-shaped Valleys: Narrow, steep-sided valleys.
- Gorges/Canyons: Deep, narrow valleys.
- Waterfalls: Vertical river drops.
- Rapids: Fast, turbulent river sections.
- Depositional:
- Floodplains: Flat, fertile areas beside rivers.
- Deltas: Landforms at river mouths.
- Alluvial Fans: Fan-shaped deposits at mountain bases.
- Levees: Natural embankments along rivers.

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2. Wind (Aeolian)

- Erosional:
- Yardangs: Wind-carved ridges.
- Deflation Hollows: Wind-created depressions.
- Desert Pavement: Rock-covered surfaces.
- Depositional:
- Sand Dunes: Wind-formed sand mounds.
- Loess: Wind-deposited silt.
- Ripples: Small sand ridges.

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3. Glacial Landforms

- Erosional:
- U-shaped Valleys: Glacially carved valleys.
- Cirques: Bowl-shaped depressions.
- Arêtes: Sharp ridges.
- Horns: Pyramid-shaped peaks.
- Depositional:
- Moraines: Glacial debris accumulations.
- Drumlins: Elongated hills of glacial till.
- Eskers: Sinuous ridges from meltwater streams.
- Kettles: Depressions from melting ice.

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4. Coastal Landforms


- Erosional:
- Cliffs: Steep coastal rock faces.
- Wave-cut Platforms: Flat areas at cliff bases.
- Sea Arches/Stacks: Eroded rock formations.
- Depositional:
- Beaches: Sand/pebble accumulations.
- Spits: Sand ridges extending into the sea.
- Barrier Islands: Coastal sand islands.
- Lagoons: Shallow water bodies separated from the sea.

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2023 Cyclones:

1. Biparjoy 
   - Location: Arabian Sea, Gujarat, India 
   - Name given by: Bangladesh 

2. Mocha 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Myanmar, Bangladesh 
   - Name given by: Yemen 

3. Michaung 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, India 
   - Name given by: Myanmar 

4. Tej 
   - Location: Arabian Sea, Oman, Yemen 
   - Name given by: India 

5. Hamoon 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, Northeast India 
   - Name given by: Iran 

6. Mandous 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, India 
   - Name given by: UAE 

7. Fabien 
   - Location: Indian Ocean, near Diego Garcia 
   - Name given by: Maldives 

8. Deep Depression BOB 03 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Odisha, West Bengal, India 
   - Details: Heavy rainfall but not a full cyclone 

9. Gulab 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, India 
   - Name given by: Pakistan 

10. Tauktae 
   - Location: Arabian Sea, Gujarat, Maharashtra, India 
   - Name given by: Myanmar 

11. Yaas 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, Odisha, India 
   - Name given by: Oman 

12. Nisarga 
   - Location: Arabian Sea, Maharashtra, India 
   - Name given by: Bangladesh 

13. Amphan 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, Odisha, India 
   - Name given by: Thailand 

14. Freddy 
   - Location: Indian Ocean, affected Madagascar and Mozambique 
   - Name given by: Australia 
  

2024 Cyclones:
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15. Remal 
   - Location: Arabian Sea, Western India 
   - Name given by: Oman 

16. Vyom 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Eastern India 
   - Name given by: India 

17. Probaho 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal 
   - Name given by: India 

18. Gagana 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal 
   - Name given by: Sri Lanka 

19. Asif 
   - Location: Arabian Peninsula 
   - Name given by: Saudi Arabia 

20. Kaani 
   - Location: Arabian Sea 
   - Name given by: Maldives


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List of Major Indian City-Named Declarations:

1. Delhi Declaration (1983) - Non-Aligned Movement (India)
2. Jaipur Declaration (1992) - Water Conservation (India)
3. Bangalore Declaration (2013) - e-Governance (India)
4. Hyderabad Declaration (2015) - Biodiversity (India)
5. Chennai Declaration (2017) - Antimicrobial Resistance (India)
6. Kochi Declaration (2018) - Maritime Cooperation (India)
7. Varanasi Declaration (2018) - Sanitation and Waste Management (India)
8. Lucknow Declaration (2020) - Defence Cooperation (India-Africa)
9. Guwahati Declaration (2020) - Inland Waterways (India)
10. Delhi Declaration (2021) - Afghanistan Crisis (India)
11. Mumbai Declaration (2023) - Financial Inclusion (India)
12. Pune Declaration (2023) - Digital Health (India)
13. Gandhinagar Declaration (2024) - Climate-Resilient Agriculture (India)
14. Ahmedabad Declaration (2007) - Environmental Education (India)
15. Surat Declaration (2010) - Urban Flood Management (India)


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"Wishing you all the best! Remember, success is a blend of patience, hard work, calmness, and being attentive. Stay focused, and trust that your efforts will pay off. All the very best!"

Notable pre-independence newspapers and their editors:

1. Bengal Gazette (1780) - James Augustus Hicky
2. Samvad Kaumudi (1819) - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
3. Mirat-ul-Akbar (1822) - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
4. Hindoo Patriot (1853) - Madhusudan Ray
5. Rast Goftar (1854) - Dadabhai Naoroji
6. Som Prakash (1858) - Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
7. Indian Mirror (1862) - Devendra Nath Tagore
8. Amrita Bazar Patrika (1868) - Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh
9. Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq (1871) - Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
10. The Hindu (1878) - G. Subramania Iyer
11. Kesari (1881) - Bal Gangadhar Tilak
12. Sudharak (1888) - Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
13. Prabuddha Bharata (1896) - P. Aiyasami, B. R. Rajam Iyer, G. G. Narasimhacharya, and B. V. Kamesvara Iyer
14. Udbodhana (1899) - Swami Vivekananda
15. Indian Opinion (1903) - Mahatma Gandhi
16. Bande Mataram (1905) - Aurobindo Ghosh
17. Bombay Chronicle (1910) - Firoze Shah Mehta
18. Comrade (1911) - Maulana Mohammad Ali
19. Al-Balagh (1912) - Abul Kalam Azad
20. Al-Hilal (1912) - Abul Kalam Azad
21. Pratap (1913) - Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi
22. New India (1914) - Annie Besant
23. Independent (1919) - Motilal Nehru
24. Young India (1919) - Mahatma Gandhi
25. Mook Nayak (1920) - B.R. Ambedkar
26. Hindustan Times (1924) - Sunder Singh Lyallpuri
27. Harijan (1932) - Mahatma Gandhi

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