Chronological List of Major Environmental Conventions and Protocols
1. Ramsar Convention (1971): Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
2. Stockholm Declaration (1972): Human environment and sustainable development.
3. CITES (1973): Regulates international trade in endangered species.
4. Montreal Protocol (1987): Phasing out ozone-depleting substances.
5. Basel Convention (1989): Controlling hazardous waste movements.
6. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (1992): Conservation, sustainable use, and benefit-sharing of biodiversity.
7. UNFCCC (1992): Stabilizing greenhouse gases to combat climate change.
8. UNCCD (1994): Combating desertification and drought.
9. Kyoto Protocol (1997): Binding emission reduction targets for developed countries.
10. Rotterdam Convention (1998): Regulates international trade of hazardous chemicals and pesticides.
11. Nagoya Protocol (2010): Fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources.
12. Kuala Lumpur Protocol (2010): Liability and redress for biodiversity damage from LMOs.
13. Paris Agreement (2015): Limiting global temperature rise.
#Kas_Prelims
1. Ramsar Convention (1971): Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
2. Stockholm Declaration (1972): Human environment and sustainable development.
3. CITES (1973): Regulates international trade in endangered species.
4. Montreal Protocol (1987): Phasing out ozone-depleting substances.
5. Basel Convention (1989): Controlling hazardous waste movements.
6. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (1992): Conservation, sustainable use, and benefit-sharing of biodiversity.
7. UNFCCC (1992): Stabilizing greenhouse gases to combat climate change.
8. UNCCD (1994): Combating desertification and drought.
9. Kyoto Protocol (1997): Binding emission reduction targets for developed countries.
10. Rotterdam Convention (1998): Regulates international trade of hazardous chemicals and pesticides.
11. Nagoya Protocol (2010): Fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources.
12. Kuala Lumpur Protocol (2010): Liability and redress for biodiversity damage from LMOs.
13. Paris Agreement (2015): Limiting global temperature rise.
#Kas_Prelims
Report :
### 1. UNDP
- Human Development Report (HDR)
- Global Humanitarian Assistance Report
- Human Development Perspectives
- Annual Report
- Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Reports
### 2. UNEP
- Global Environment Outlook (GEO)
- Emissions Gap Report
- Adaptation Gap Report
- Frontiers Report
- Green Economy Report
- Yearbook of Global Environmental Law
### 3. UNFCCC
- Annual Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports
- Climate Action Reports
- Emissions Gap Report
- Technical Reports on Climate Science
- Adaptation Communications
### 4. UN-Habitat
- World Cities Report
- State of the World’s Cities Report
- Global Urban Monitoring Report
- Urban Trends Report
- Habitat III Reports
### 5. UNICEF
- State of the World's Children Report
- UNICEF’s Annual Report
- Progress for Children Reports
- Child Survival Reports
- The State of the World's Children in Numbers
### 6. FAO
- State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI)
- Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA)
- State of the World's Fisheries and Aquaculture
- Agricultural Outlook
- The State of Food and Agriculture
- Food Loss and Waste Reports
### 7. WHO
- World Health Report
- Global Tuberculosis Report
- World Malaria Report
- Global Status Reports on Noncommunicable Diseases
- World Immunization Report
- Global Health Estimates
### 8. UNESCO
- Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report
- World Water Development Report
- Global Science Report
- World Heritage Report
- Education for Sustainable Development Reports
- Cultural Heritage Report
### 9. ILO
- World Employment and Social Outlook (WESO)
- Global Wage Report
- ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the World of Work
- Labour Market Trends Report
- Employment Policy Reports
### 10. UNCTAD
- Trade and Development Report
- World Investment Report
- Technology and Innovation Report
- Commodity Market Reports
- Economic Development in Africa Report
### 11. UNODC
- World Drug Report
- Global Report on Trafficking in Persons
- Global Crime Trends Report
- Corruption Perceptions Report
- Handbook on Crime Statistics
### 12. World Bank (in partnership with the UN)
- World Development Report
- Global Economic Prospects
- Doing Business Report
- Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report
- World Bank Annual Report
- Global Monitoring Report on Education for All
#Kas_Prelims
### 1. UNDP
- Human Development Report (HDR)
- Global Humanitarian Assistance Report
- Human Development Perspectives
- Annual Report
- Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Reports
### 2. UNEP
- Global Environment Outlook (GEO)
- Emissions Gap Report
- Adaptation Gap Report
- Frontiers Report
- Green Economy Report
- Yearbook of Global Environmental Law
### 3. UNFCCC
- Annual Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports
- Climate Action Reports
- Emissions Gap Report
- Technical Reports on Climate Science
- Adaptation Communications
### 4. UN-Habitat
- World Cities Report
- State of the World’s Cities Report
- Global Urban Monitoring Report
- Urban Trends Report
- Habitat III Reports
### 5. UNICEF
- State of the World's Children Report
- UNICEF’s Annual Report
- Progress for Children Reports
- Child Survival Reports
- The State of the World's Children in Numbers
### 6. FAO
- State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI)
- Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA)
- State of the World's Fisheries and Aquaculture
- Agricultural Outlook
- The State of Food and Agriculture
- Food Loss and Waste Reports
### 7. WHO
- World Health Report
- Global Tuberculosis Report
- World Malaria Report
- Global Status Reports on Noncommunicable Diseases
- World Immunization Report
- Global Health Estimates
### 8. UNESCO
- Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report
- World Water Development Report
- Global Science Report
- World Heritage Report
- Education for Sustainable Development Reports
- Cultural Heritage Report
### 9. ILO
- World Employment and Social Outlook (WESO)
- Global Wage Report
- ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the World of Work
- Labour Market Trends Report
- Employment Policy Reports
### 10. UNCTAD
- Trade and Development Report
- World Investment Report
- Technology and Innovation Report
- Commodity Market Reports
- Economic Development in Africa Report
### 11. UNODC
- World Drug Report
- Global Report on Trafficking in Persons
- Global Crime Trends Report
- Corruption Perceptions Report
- Handbook on Crime Statistics
### 12. World Bank (in partnership with the UN)
- World Development Report
- Global Economic Prospects
- Doing Business Report
- Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report
- World Bank Annual Report
- Global Monitoring Report on Education for All
#Kas_Prelims
Forwarded from ConvertKAS
🚨 KAS Prelims Countdown Offer! 🚨
We know the pressure is on, and we’re here to help you ace the KAS Prelims with a limited-time offer on our essential PDF resources. Get everything you need to boost your preparation at a special price!
What’s Included:
1. Lakshya Test Series – 33 Tests (Complete Static Coverage)
2. Parishram Test Series – 15 Tests (Exclusive Karnataka Current Affairs)
3. Quick Revision Material – Focused on Karnataka History and Geography
4. Karnataka Budget – Comprehensive Review
⏳ Don’t miss this chance to sharpen your strategy and nail the exam. Grab the bundle now and march towards success! 💪
*Contact us* : @ConvertKAS
We know the pressure is on, and we’re here to help you ace the KAS Prelims with a limited-time offer on our essential PDF resources. Get everything you need to boost your preparation at a special price!
What’s Included:
1. Lakshya Test Series – 33 Tests (Complete Static Coverage)
2. Parishram Test Series – 15 Tests (Exclusive Karnataka Current Affairs)
3. Quick Revision Material – Focused on Karnataka History and Geography
4. Karnataka Budget – Comprehensive Review
⏳ Don’t miss this chance to sharpen your strategy and nail the exam. Grab the bundle now and march towards success! 💪
*Contact us* : @ConvertKAS
Space Missions:
### NASA (United States)
1. Apollo 11 (1969): First human Moon landing.
2. Voyager 1 (1977): Entered interstellar space.
3. Hubble Space Telescope (1990-Present): Deep-space imagery.
4. Curiosity Rover (2012-Present): Exploring Mars.
5. Perseverance Rover (2021-Present): Searching for signs of life on Mars.
6. James Webb Space Telescope (2021-Present): Advanced space observations.
7. New Horizons (2006-Present): First mission to Pluto.
8. Parker Solar Probe (2018-Present): Studying the Sun.
### ESA (European Space Agency)
1. Rosetta (2004-2016): Orbited and landed on a comet.
2. Gaia (2013-Present): Mapping the Milky Way.
3. ExoMars TGO (2016-Present): Mars atmospheric study.
4. BepiColombo (2018-Present): Mission to Mercury.
5. Ariane 5 (1996-2023): Heavy-lift launcher.
6. Envisat (2002-2012): Earth observation.
7. Copernicus (2000s-Present): Environmental monitoring.
8. Mars Express (2003-Present): Mars exploration.
### CNSA (China National Space Administration)
1. Chang'e 3 (2013): First Chinese lunar rover.
2. Chang'e 4 (2019): First far-side lunar landing.
3. Chang'e 5 (2020): Returned lunar samples.
4. Tianwen-1 (2021-Present): Mars mission with rover.
5. Tiangong-1 (2011-2018): First space station prototype.
6. Tiangong-2 (2016-2019): Second space lab.
7. Tiangong Space Station (2021-Present): China's modular space station.
8. Shenzhou 5 (2003): First Chinese human spaceflight.
### ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
1. Aryabhata (1975): First Indian satellite.
2. Chandrayaan-1 (2008): Discovered lunar water.
3. Mangalyaan (2013-Present): Mars Orbiter Mission.
4. Chandrayaan-2 (2019): Lunar orbiter.
5. PSLV-C37 (2017): Launched 104 satellites.
6. GSAT-11 (2018): Heaviest Indian communication satellite.
7. Gaganyaan (Planned 2024): First human spaceflight.
8. RISAT-2BR1 (2019): Reconnaissance satellite.
### JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)
1. Hayabusa (2003-2010): Asteroid sample return.
2. Hayabusa2 (2014-2020): Returned samples from Ryugu.
3. Kibo Module (2008-Present): ISS research module.
4. Akatsuki (2010-Present): Venus orbiter.
5. SLIM (Planned 2024): Lunar lander.
6. IKAROS (2010-Present): Solar sail demonstration.
7. Astro-H (Hitomi) (2016): X-ray astronomy satellite.
8. Nozomi (1998-2003): Mars mission (failed).
### Roscosmos (Russian Space Agency)
1. Luna 2 (1959): First impact on the Moon.
2. Vostok 1 (1961): First human spaceflight.
3. Luna 9 (1966): First soft landing on the Moon.
4. Soyuz 1 (1967): Early Soyuz crewed mission.
5. Mir Space Station (1986-2001): First modular space station.
6. Venera 7 (1970): First Venus landing.
7. Soyuz TM-32 (2001): First space tourist mission.
8. Luna 25 (Planned 2024): Lunar exploration.
### CSA (Canadian Space Agency)
1. Canadarm (1981-2011): Shuttle robotic arm.
2. Canadarm2 (2001-Present): ISS robotic arm.
3. RADARSAT-1 (1995-2013): Earth observation.
4. RADARSAT-2 (2007-Present): Advanced Earth observation.
5. OSIRIS-REx (2016-2023): Asteroid sample mission.
6. Alouette 1 (1962): First Canadian satellite.
7. SCISAT-1 (2003-Present): Atmospheric research.
8. RADARSAT Constellation (2019-Present): Earth observation satellites.
#Kas_Prelims
### NASA (United States)
1. Apollo 11 (1969): First human Moon landing.
2. Voyager 1 (1977): Entered interstellar space.
3. Hubble Space Telescope (1990-Present): Deep-space imagery.
4. Curiosity Rover (2012-Present): Exploring Mars.
5. Perseverance Rover (2021-Present): Searching for signs of life on Mars.
6. James Webb Space Telescope (2021-Present): Advanced space observations.
7. New Horizons (2006-Present): First mission to Pluto.
8. Parker Solar Probe (2018-Present): Studying the Sun.
### ESA (European Space Agency)
1. Rosetta (2004-2016): Orbited and landed on a comet.
2. Gaia (2013-Present): Mapping the Milky Way.
3. ExoMars TGO (2016-Present): Mars atmospheric study.
4. BepiColombo (2018-Present): Mission to Mercury.
5. Ariane 5 (1996-2023): Heavy-lift launcher.
6. Envisat (2002-2012): Earth observation.
7. Copernicus (2000s-Present): Environmental monitoring.
8. Mars Express (2003-Present): Mars exploration.
### CNSA (China National Space Administration)
1. Chang'e 3 (2013): First Chinese lunar rover.
2. Chang'e 4 (2019): First far-side lunar landing.
3. Chang'e 5 (2020): Returned lunar samples.
4. Tianwen-1 (2021-Present): Mars mission with rover.
5. Tiangong-1 (2011-2018): First space station prototype.
6. Tiangong-2 (2016-2019): Second space lab.
7. Tiangong Space Station (2021-Present): China's modular space station.
8. Shenzhou 5 (2003): First Chinese human spaceflight.
### ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
1. Aryabhata (1975): First Indian satellite.
2. Chandrayaan-1 (2008): Discovered lunar water.
3. Mangalyaan (2013-Present): Mars Orbiter Mission.
4. Chandrayaan-2 (2019): Lunar orbiter.
5. PSLV-C37 (2017): Launched 104 satellites.
6. GSAT-11 (2018): Heaviest Indian communication satellite.
7. Gaganyaan (Planned 2024): First human spaceflight.
8. RISAT-2BR1 (2019): Reconnaissance satellite.
### JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)
1. Hayabusa (2003-2010): Asteroid sample return.
2. Hayabusa2 (2014-2020): Returned samples from Ryugu.
3. Kibo Module (2008-Present): ISS research module.
4. Akatsuki (2010-Present): Venus orbiter.
5. SLIM (Planned 2024): Lunar lander.
6. IKAROS (2010-Present): Solar sail demonstration.
7. Astro-H (Hitomi) (2016): X-ray astronomy satellite.
8. Nozomi (1998-2003): Mars mission (failed).
### Roscosmos (Russian Space Agency)
1. Luna 2 (1959): First impact on the Moon.
2. Vostok 1 (1961): First human spaceflight.
3. Luna 9 (1966): First soft landing on the Moon.
4. Soyuz 1 (1967): Early Soyuz crewed mission.
5. Mir Space Station (1986-2001): First modular space station.
6. Venera 7 (1970): First Venus landing.
7. Soyuz TM-32 (2001): First space tourist mission.
8. Luna 25 (Planned 2024): Lunar exploration.
### CSA (Canadian Space Agency)
1. Canadarm (1981-2011): Shuttle robotic arm.
2. Canadarm2 (2001-Present): ISS robotic arm.
3. RADARSAT-1 (1995-2013): Earth observation.
4. RADARSAT-2 (2007-Present): Advanced Earth observation.
5. OSIRIS-REx (2016-2023): Asteroid sample mission.
6. Alouette 1 (1962): First Canadian satellite.
7. SCISAT-1 (2003-Present): Atmospheric research.
8. RADARSAT Constellation (2019-Present): Earth observation satellites.
#Kas_Prelims
1. ಕುಪ್ಪಳ್ಳಿ ವೆಂಕಟಪ್ಪ ಪುಟ್ಟಪ್ಪ (ಕುವೆಂಪು)
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ರಾಮಾಯಣ ದರ್ಶನಂ*
- *ಮಲೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮದುಮಗಲು*
- *ಕಾನೂರು ಹೆಗ್ಗಡಿತಿ*
- *ಶ್ರೀ ರಾಮಾಯಣ ದರ್ಶನಂ*
2. ಯು. ಆರ್. ಅನಂತಮೂರ್ತಿ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಸಂಸ್ಕಾರ*
- *ಭಾರತೀಪುರ*
- *ಅವಸ್ಥೆ*
- *ಭಾವ*
3. ಮಸ್ತಿ ವೆಂಕಟೇಶ ಅಯ್ಯಂಗಾರ್
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಚಿಕ್ಕವೀರ ರಾಜೇಂದ್ರ*
- *ಸುಬ್ಬಣ್ಣ*
- *ಕಾಕನಕೋಟೆ*
- *ಸಣ್ಣ ಕಥೆಗಳು*
4. ಗಿರೀಶ್ ಕಾರ್ನಾಡ್
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು/ನಾಟಕಗಳು:
- *ತುಘಲಕ್*
- *ಯಯಾತಿ*
- *ಹಯವದನ*
- *ನಾಗಮಂಡಲ*
5. ದ. ರಾ. ಬೇಂದ್ರೆ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ನಕುತಂತಿ*
- *ಗರಿ*
- *ಸಖೀಗೀತೆಗಳು*
- *ಮೂಡಲನ ಮಣಿಕ್ಯ*
6. ಪಿ. ಲಂಕೇಶ್
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಕಲ್ಲು ಕರಗುವ ಸಮಯ*
- *ಬಿರುಕು*
- *ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ*
- *ಲಂಕೇಶ್ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ*
7. ಶಿವರಾಮ ಕಾರಂತ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಮರುಳಿ ಮಣ್ಣಿಗೆ*
- *ಮುಕಜ್ಜಿಯ ಕನಸು*
- *ಚೋಮನ ದುಡಿ*
- *ಬೆಟ್ಟದ ಜೀವ*
8. ಎಸ್. ಎಲ್. ಭೈರಪ್ಪ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ವಂಶವೃಕ್ಷ*
- *ಪರ್ವ*
- *ಸಾರ್ಥ*
- *ಆವರಣ*
9. ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಭವತರಂಗ*
- *ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ*
- *ಅನಂತಪಥ*
- *ಭೂಮಿಗೀತ*
10. ಕೆ. ಎಸ್. ನರಸಿಂಹಸ್ವಾಮಿ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಮೈಸೂರು ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ*
- *ದೋಷಮಡಿಗಳು*
- *ಆಕಸ್ಮಿಕ*
#Kas_Prelims
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ರಾಮಾಯಣ ದರ್ಶನಂ*
- *ಮಲೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮದುಮಗಲು*
- *ಕಾನೂರು ಹೆಗ್ಗಡಿತಿ*
- *ಶ್ರೀ ರಾಮಾಯಣ ದರ್ಶನಂ*
2. ಯು. ಆರ್. ಅನಂತಮೂರ್ತಿ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಸಂಸ್ಕಾರ*
- *ಭಾರತೀಪುರ*
- *ಅವಸ್ಥೆ*
- *ಭಾವ*
3. ಮಸ್ತಿ ವೆಂಕಟೇಶ ಅಯ್ಯಂಗಾರ್
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಚಿಕ್ಕವೀರ ರಾಜೇಂದ್ರ*
- *ಸುಬ್ಬಣ್ಣ*
- *ಕಾಕನಕೋಟೆ*
- *ಸಣ್ಣ ಕಥೆಗಳು*
4. ಗಿರೀಶ್ ಕಾರ್ನಾಡ್
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು/ನಾಟಕಗಳು:
- *ತುಘಲಕ್*
- *ಯಯಾತಿ*
- *ಹಯವದನ*
- *ನಾಗಮಂಡಲ*
5. ದ. ರಾ. ಬೇಂದ್ರೆ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ನಕುತಂತಿ*
- *ಗರಿ*
- *ಸಖೀಗೀತೆಗಳು*
- *ಮೂಡಲನ ಮಣಿಕ್ಯ*
6. ಪಿ. ಲಂಕೇಶ್
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಕಲ್ಲು ಕರಗುವ ಸಮಯ*
- *ಬಿರುಕು*
- *ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ*
- *ಲಂಕೇಶ್ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ*
7. ಶಿವರಾಮ ಕಾರಂತ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಮರುಳಿ ಮಣ್ಣಿಗೆ*
- *ಮುಕಜ್ಜಿಯ ಕನಸು*
- *ಚೋಮನ ದುಡಿ*
- *ಬೆಟ್ಟದ ಜೀವ*
8. ಎಸ್. ಎಲ್. ಭೈರಪ್ಪ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ವಂಶವೃಕ್ಷ*
- *ಪರ್ವ*
- *ಸಾರ್ಥ*
- *ಆವರಣ*
9. ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಭವತರಂಗ*
- *ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ*
- *ಅನಂತಪಥ*
- *ಭೂಮಿಗೀತ*
10. ಕೆ. ಎಸ್. ನರಸಿಂಹಸ್ವಾಮಿ
- ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು:
- *ಮೈಸೂರು ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ*
- *ದೋಷಮಡಿಗಳು*
- *ಆಕಸ್ಮಿಕ*
#Kas_Prelims
Erosional and Depositional Landforms by Different Natural Agents
1. River Landforms
- Erosional:
- V-shaped Valleys: Narrow, steep-sided valleys.
- Gorges/Canyons: Deep, narrow valleys.
- Waterfalls: Vertical river drops.
- Rapids: Fast, turbulent river sections.
- Depositional:
- Floodplains: Flat, fertile areas beside rivers.
- Deltas: Landforms at river mouths.
- Alluvial Fans: Fan-shaped deposits at mountain bases.
- Levees: Natural embankments along rivers.
---
2. Wind (Aeolian)
- Erosional:
- Yardangs: Wind-carved ridges.
- Deflation Hollows: Wind-created depressions.
- Desert Pavement: Rock-covered surfaces.
- Depositional:
- Sand Dunes: Wind-formed sand mounds.
- Loess: Wind-deposited silt.
- Ripples: Small sand ridges.
---
3. Glacial Landforms
- Erosional:
- U-shaped Valleys: Glacially carved valleys.
- Cirques: Bowl-shaped depressions.
- Arêtes: Sharp ridges.
- Horns: Pyramid-shaped peaks.
- Depositional:
- Moraines: Glacial debris accumulations.
- Drumlins: Elongated hills of glacial till.
- Eskers: Sinuous ridges from meltwater streams.
- Kettles: Depressions from melting ice.
---
4. Coastal Landforms
- Erosional:
- Cliffs: Steep coastal rock faces.
- Wave-cut Platforms: Flat areas at cliff bases.
- Sea Arches/Stacks: Eroded rock formations.
- Depositional:
- Beaches: Sand/pebble accumulations.
- Spits: Sand ridges extending into the sea.
- Barrier Islands: Coastal sand islands.
- Lagoons: Shallow water bodies separated from the sea.
---
#Kas_Prelims
1. River Landforms
- Erosional:
- V-shaped Valleys: Narrow, steep-sided valleys.
- Gorges/Canyons: Deep, narrow valleys.
- Waterfalls: Vertical river drops.
- Rapids: Fast, turbulent river sections.
- Depositional:
- Floodplains: Flat, fertile areas beside rivers.
- Deltas: Landforms at river mouths.
- Alluvial Fans: Fan-shaped deposits at mountain bases.
- Levees: Natural embankments along rivers.
---
2. Wind (Aeolian)
- Erosional:
- Yardangs: Wind-carved ridges.
- Deflation Hollows: Wind-created depressions.
- Desert Pavement: Rock-covered surfaces.
- Depositional:
- Sand Dunes: Wind-formed sand mounds.
- Loess: Wind-deposited silt.
- Ripples: Small sand ridges.
---
3. Glacial Landforms
- Erosional:
- U-shaped Valleys: Glacially carved valleys.
- Cirques: Bowl-shaped depressions.
- Arêtes: Sharp ridges.
- Horns: Pyramid-shaped peaks.
- Depositional:
- Moraines: Glacial debris accumulations.
- Drumlins: Elongated hills of glacial till.
- Eskers: Sinuous ridges from meltwater streams.
- Kettles: Depressions from melting ice.
---
4. Coastal Landforms
- Erosional:
- Cliffs: Steep coastal rock faces.
- Wave-cut Platforms: Flat areas at cliff bases.
- Sea Arches/Stacks: Eroded rock formations.
- Depositional:
- Beaches: Sand/pebble accumulations.
- Spits: Sand ridges extending into the sea.
- Barrier Islands: Coastal sand islands.
- Lagoons: Shallow water bodies separated from the sea.
---
#Kas_Prelims
Forwarded from ConvertKAS
🚨 KAS Prelims Countdown Offer! 🚨
We know the pressure is on, and we’re here to help you ace the KAS Prelims with a limited-time offer on our essential PDF resources. Get everything you need to boost your preparation at a special price!
What’s Included:
1. Lakshya Test Series – 33 Tests (Complete Static Coverage)
2. Parishram Test Series – 15 Tests (Exclusive Karnataka Current Affairs)
3. Quick Revision Material – Focused on Karnataka History and Geography
4. Karnataka Budget – Comprehensive Review
⏳ Don’t miss this chance to sharpen your strategy and nail the exam. Grab the bundle now and march towards success! 💪
*Contact us* : @ConvertKAS
We know the pressure is on, and we’re here to help you ace the KAS Prelims with a limited-time offer on our essential PDF resources. Get everything you need to boost your preparation at a special price!
What’s Included:
1. Lakshya Test Series – 33 Tests (Complete Static Coverage)
2. Parishram Test Series – 15 Tests (Exclusive Karnataka Current Affairs)
3. Quick Revision Material – Focused on Karnataka History and Geography
4. Karnataka Budget – Comprehensive Review
⏳ Don’t miss this chance to sharpen your strategy and nail the exam. Grab the bundle now and march towards success! 💪
*Contact us* : @ConvertKAS
2023 Cyclones:
1. Biparjoy
- Location: Arabian Sea, Gujarat, India
- Name given by: Bangladesh
2. Mocha
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Myanmar, Bangladesh
- Name given by: Yemen
3. Michaung
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Name given by: Myanmar
4. Tej
- Location: Arabian Sea, Oman, Yemen
- Name given by: India
5. Hamoon
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, Northeast India
- Name given by: Iran
6. Mandous
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Name given by: UAE
7. Fabien
- Location: Indian Ocean, near Diego Garcia
- Name given by: Maldives
8. Deep Depression BOB 03
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Odisha, West Bengal, India
- Details: Heavy rainfall but not a full cyclone
9. Gulab
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, India
- Name given by: Pakistan
10. Tauktae
- Location: Arabian Sea, Gujarat, Maharashtra, India
- Name given by: Myanmar
11. Yaas
- Location: Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, Odisha, India
- Name given by: Oman
12. Nisarga
- Location: Arabian Sea, Maharashtra, India
- Name given by: Bangladesh
13. Amphan
- Location: Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, Odisha, India
- Name given by: Thailand
14. Freddy
- Location: Indian Ocean, affected Madagascar and Mozambique
- Name given by: Australia
2024 Cyclones:
ConvertKas
15. Remal
- Location: Arabian Sea, Western India
- Name given by: Oman
16. Vyom
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Eastern India
- Name given by: India
17. Probaho
- Location: Bay of Bengal
- Name given by: India
18. Gagana
- Location: Bay of Bengal
- Name given by: Sri Lanka
19. Asif
- Location: Arabian Peninsula
- Name given by: Saudi Arabia
20. Kaani
- Location: Arabian Sea
- Name given by: Maldives
#Kas_Prelims
1. Biparjoy
- Location: Arabian Sea, Gujarat, India
- Name given by: Bangladesh
2. Mocha
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Myanmar, Bangladesh
- Name given by: Yemen
3. Michaung
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Name given by: Myanmar
4. Tej
- Location: Arabian Sea, Oman, Yemen
- Name given by: India
5. Hamoon
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, Northeast India
- Name given by: Iran
6. Mandous
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Name given by: UAE
7. Fabien
- Location: Indian Ocean, near Diego Garcia
- Name given by: Maldives
8. Deep Depression BOB 03
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Odisha, West Bengal, India
- Details: Heavy rainfall but not a full cyclone
9. Gulab
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, India
- Name given by: Pakistan
10. Tauktae
- Location: Arabian Sea, Gujarat, Maharashtra, India
- Name given by: Myanmar
11. Yaas
- Location: Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, Odisha, India
- Name given by: Oman
12. Nisarga
- Location: Arabian Sea, Maharashtra, India
- Name given by: Bangladesh
13. Amphan
- Location: Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, Odisha, India
- Name given by: Thailand
14. Freddy
- Location: Indian Ocean, affected Madagascar and Mozambique
- Name given by: Australia
2024 Cyclones:
ConvertKas
15. Remal
- Location: Arabian Sea, Western India
- Name given by: Oman
16. Vyom
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Eastern India
- Name given by: India
17. Probaho
- Location: Bay of Bengal
- Name given by: India
18. Gagana
- Location: Bay of Bengal
- Name given by: Sri Lanka
19. Asif
- Location: Arabian Peninsula
- Name given by: Saudi Arabia
20. Kaani
- Location: Arabian Sea
- Name given by: Maldives
#Kas_Prelims
Forwarded from ConvertKAS
🚨 KAS Prelims Countdown Offer! 🚨
We know the pressure is on, and we’re here to help you ace the KAS Prelims with a limited-time offer on our essential PDF resources. Get everything you need to boost your preparation at a special price!
What’s Included:
1. Lakshya Test Series – 33 Tests (Complete Static Coverage)
2. Parishram Test Series – 15 Tests (Exclusive Karnataka Current Affairs)
3. Quick Revision Material – Focused on Karnataka History and Geography
4. Karnataka Budget – Comprehensive Review
⏳ Don’t miss this chance to sharpen your strategy and nail the exam. Grab the bundle now and march towards success! 💪
*Contact us* : @ConvertKAS
We know the pressure is on, and we’re here to help you ace the KAS Prelims with a limited-time offer on our essential PDF resources. Get everything you need to boost your preparation at a special price!
What’s Included:
1. Lakshya Test Series – 33 Tests (Complete Static Coverage)
2. Parishram Test Series – 15 Tests (Exclusive Karnataka Current Affairs)
3. Quick Revision Material – Focused on Karnataka History and Geography
4. Karnataka Budget – Comprehensive Review
⏳ Don’t miss this chance to sharpen your strategy and nail the exam. Grab the bundle now and march towards success! 💪
*Contact us* : @ConvertKAS
List of Major Indian City-Named Declarations:
1. Delhi Declaration (1983) - Non-Aligned Movement (India)
2. Jaipur Declaration (1992) - Water Conservation (India)
3. Bangalore Declaration (2013) - e-Governance (India)
4. Hyderabad Declaration (2015) - Biodiversity (India)
5. Chennai Declaration (2017) - Antimicrobial Resistance (India)
6. Kochi Declaration (2018) - Maritime Cooperation (India)
7. Varanasi Declaration (2018) - Sanitation and Waste Management (India)
8. Lucknow Declaration (2020) - Defence Cooperation (India-Africa)
9. Guwahati Declaration (2020) - Inland Waterways (India)
10. Delhi Declaration (2021) - Afghanistan Crisis (India)
11. Mumbai Declaration (2023) - Financial Inclusion (India)
12. Pune Declaration (2023) - Digital Health (India)
13. Gandhinagar Declaration (2024) - Climate-Resilient Agriculture (India)
14. Ahmedabad Declaration (2007) - Environmental Education (India)
15. Surat Declaration (2010) - Urban Flood Management (India)
#Kas_Prelims
1. Delhi Declaration (1983) - Non-Aligned Movement (India)
2. Jaipur Declaration (1992) - Water Conservation (India)
3. Bangalore Declaration (2013) - e-Governance (India)
4. Hyderabad Declaration (2015) - Biodiversity (India)
5. Chennai Declaration (2017) - Antimicrobial Resistance (India)
6. Kochi Declaration (2018) - Maritime Cooperation (India)
7. Varanasi Declaration (2018) - Sanitation and Waste Management (India)
8. Lucknow Declaration (2020) - Defence Cooperation (India-Africa)
9. Guwahati Declaration (2020) - Inland Waterways (India)
10. Delhi Declaration (2021) - Afghanistan Crisis (India)
11. Mumbai Declaration (2023) - Financial Inclusion (India)
12. Pune Declaration (2023) - Digital Health (India)
13. Gandhinagar Declaration (2024) - Climate-Resilient Agriculture (India)
14. Ahmedabad Declaration (2007) - Environmental Education (India)
15. Surat Declaration (2010) - Urban Flood Management (India)
#Kas_Prelims
Forwarded from ConvertKAS
🚨 KAS Prelims Countdown Offer! 🚨
We know the pressure is on, and we’re here to help you ace the KAS Prelims with a limited-time offer on our essential PDF resources. Get everything you need to boost your preparation at a special price!
What’s Included:
1. Lakshya Test Series – 33 Tests (Complete Static Coverage)
2. Parishram Test Series – 15 Tests (Exclusive Karnataka Current Affairs)
3. Quick Revision Material – Focused on Karnataka History and Geography
4. Karnataka Budget – Comprehensive Review
⏳ Don’t miss this chance to sharpen your strategy and nail the exam. Grab the bundle now and march towards success! 💪
*Contact us* : @ConvertKAS
We know the pressure is on, and we’re here to help you ace the KAS Prelims with a limited-time offer on our essential PDF resources. Get everything you need to boost your preparation at a special price!
What’s Included:
1. Lakshya Test Series – 33 Tests (Complete Static Coverage)
2. Parishram Test Series – 15 Tests (Exclusive Karnataka Current Affairs)
3. Quick Revision Material – Focused on Karnataka History and Geography
4. Karnataka Budget – Comprehensive Review
⏳ Don’t miss this chance to sharpen your strategy and nail the exam. Grab the bundle now and march towards success! 💪
*Contact us* : @ConvertKAS
"Wishing you all the best! Remember, success is a blend of patience, hard work, calmness, and being attentive. Stay focused, and trust that your efforts will pay off. All the very best!"
Forwarded from ConvertKAS
Notable pre-independence newspapers and their editors:
1. Bengal Gazette (1780) - James Augustus Hicky
2. Samvad Kaumudi (1819) - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
3. Mirat-ul-Akbar (1822) - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
4. Hindoo Patriot (1853) - Madhusudan Ray
5. Rast Goftar (1854) - Dadabhai Naoroji
6. Som Prakash (1858) - Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
7. Indian Mirror (1862) - Devendra Nath Tagore
8. Amrita Bazar Patrika (1868) - Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh
9. Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq (1871) - Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
10. The Hindu (1878) - G. Subramania Iyer
11. Kesari (1881) - Bal Gangadhar Tilak
12. Sudharak (1888) - Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
13. Prabuddha Bharata (1896) - P. Aiyasami, B. R. Rajam Iyer, G. G. Narasimhacharya, and B. V. Kamesvara Iyer
14. Udbodhana (1899) - Swami Vivekananda
15. Indian Opinion (1903) - Mahatma Gandhi
16. Bande Mataram (1905) - Aurobindo Ghosh
17. Bombay Chronicle (1910) - Firoze Shah Mehta
18. Comrade (1911) - Maulana Mohammad Ali
19. Al-Balagh (1912) - Abul Kalam Azad
20. Al-Hilal (1912) - Abul Kalam Azad
21. Pratap (1913) - Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi
22. New India (1914) - Annie Besant
23. Independent (1919) - Motilal Nehru
24. Young India (1919) - Mahatma Gandhi
25. Mook Nayak (1920) - B.R. Ambedkar
26. Hindustan Times (1924) - Sunder Singh Lyallpuri
27. Harijan (1932) - Mahatma Gandhi
#Kas_Prelims
1. Bengal Gazette (1780) - James Augustus Hicky
2. Samvad Kaumudi (1819) - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
3. Mirat-ul-Akbar (1822) - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
4. Hindoo Patriot (1853) - Madhusudan Ray
5. Rast Goftar (1854) - Dadabhai Naoroji
6. Som Prakash (1858) - Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
7. Indian Mirror (1862) - Devendra Nath Tagore
8. Amrita Bazar Patrika (1868) - Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh
9. Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq (1871) - Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
10. The Hindu (1878) - G. Subramania Iyer
11. Kesari (1881) - Bal Gangadhar Tilak
12. Sudharak (1888) - Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
13. Prabuddha Bharata (1896) - P. Aiyasami, B. R. Rajam Iyer, G. G. Narasimhacharya, and B. V. Kamesvara Iyer
14. Udbodhana (1899) - Swami Vivekananda
15. Indian Opinion (1903) - Mahatma Gandhi
16. Bande Mataram (1905) - Aurobindo Ghosh
17. Bombay Chronicle (1910) - Firoze Shah Mehta
18. Comrade (1911) - Maulana Mohammad Ali
19. Al-Balagh (1912) - Abul Kalam Azad
20. Al-Hilal (1912) - Abul Kalam Azad
21. Pratap (1913) - Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi
22. New India (1914) - Annie Besant
23. Independent (1919) - Motilal Nehru
24. Young India (1919) - Mahatma Gandhi
25. Mook Nayak (1920) - B.R. Ambedkar
26. Hindustan Times (1924) - Sunder Singh Lyallpuri
27. Harijan (1932) - Mahatma Gandhi
#Kas_Prelims
Forwarded from ConvertKAS