✅ Backend Basics Interview Questions – Part 1 (Node.js) 🧠💻

📍 1. What is Node.js?
A: Node.js is a runtime environment that lets you run JavaScript on the server side. It uses Google’s V8 engine and is designed for building scalable network applications.

📍 2. How is Node.js different from traditional server-side platforms?
A: Unlike PHP or Java, Node.js is event-driven and non-blocking. This makes it lightweight and efficient for I/O-heavy operations like APIs and real-time apps.

📍 3. What is the role of the package.json file?
A: It stores metadata about your project (name, version, scripts) and dependencies. It’s essential for managing and sharing Node.js projects.

📍 4. What are CommonJS modules in Node.js?
A: Node uses CommonJS to handle modules. You use require() to import and module.exports to export code between files.

📍 5. What is the Event Loop in Node.js?
A: It allows Node.js to handle many connections asynchronously without blocking. It’s the heart of Node’s non-blocking architecture.

📍 6. What is middleware in Node.js (Express)?
A: Middleware functions process requests before sending a response. They can be used for logging, auth, validation, etc.

📍 7. What is the difference between process.nextTick(), setTimeout(), and setImmediate()?
A:
⦁ process.nextTick() runs after the current operation, before the next event loop.
⦁ setTimeout() runs after a minimum delay.
⦁ setImmediate() runs on the next cycle of the event loop.

📍 8. What is a callback function in Node.js?
A: A function passed as an argument to another function, executed after an async task finishes. It’s the core of async programming in Node.

📍 9. What are Streams in Node.js?
A: Streams let you read/write data piece-by-piece (chunks), great for handling large files. Types: Readable, Writable, Duplex, Transform.

📍 10. What is the difference between require and import?
A:
⦁ require is CommonJS (used in Node.js by default).
⦁ import is ES6 module syntax (used with "type": "module" in package.json).

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✅ Backend Basics Interview Questions – Part 2 (Express.js Routing) 🚀🧠

📍 1. What is Routing in Express.js?
A: Routing defines how your application responds to client requests (GET, POST, etc.) to specific endpoints (URLs).

📍 2. Basic Route Syntax

app.get('/home', (req, res) => {
  res.send('Welcome Home');
});

📍 3. Route Methods
⦁ app.get() – Read data
⦁ app.post() – Create data
⦁ app.put() – Update data
⦁ app.delete() – Delete data

📍 4. Route Parameters

app.get('/user/:id', (req, res) => {
  res.send(req.params.id);
});

📍 5. Query Parameters

app.get('/search', (req, res) => {
  res.send(req.query.keyword);
});

📍 6. Route Chaining

app.route('/product').get(getHandler).post(postHandler).put(putHandler);

📍 7. Router Middleware

const router = express.Router();
router.get('/about', (req, res) => res.send('About Page'));
app.use('/info', router);  // URL: /info/about

📍 8. Error Handling Route

app.use((req, res) => {
  res.status(404).send('Page Not Found');
});

💡 Pro Tip: Always place dynamic routes after static ones to avoid conflicts.

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