✅في كلام مهم بخصوص استخدام dexamethasone في منع او معالجة Respiratory distress syndrome في حديثي الولاده ،ذكر مرجع Applied Therapeutic بان استخدام dexamethasone بجرعه 0.5mg/kg/day او اكثر قد تزيد احتماليه الاصابة ب cerebral palsy
✅ايضا جرعه اقل من 0.2mg/kg/day قد تكون غير فعاله في منع او معالجة Respiratory distress syndrome
#Applied_Therapeutic
#salah

Managing Hyperglycemia in Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Adults



✅In patients who experience hyperglycemia (blood glucose, >140 mg/dL) in conjunction with glucocorticoids, an NPH or a basal-bolus insulin regimen is suggested.

✅Inpatient diabetes education should be provided at discharge.

✅In patients with hyperglycemia, with or without type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy is suggested over noninsulin therapies; noninsulin therapies can be used in stable patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly those nearing hospital discharge.

✅In select patients with type 2 diabetes and mild hyperglycemia, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors with correction or scheduled insulin (basal or basal-bolus) is suggested.

✅In patients with no history of diabetes with hyperglycemia, correction insulin is suggested over scheduled insulin.

✅In patients with diabetes who were treated with diet or noninsulin therapies prior to admission, correction or scheduled insulin is recommended, with a glucose target of 100 to 180 mg/dL.

✅In patients with insulin-managed diabetes prior to admission, continuation of home insulin regimens, adjusted for current nutritional intake, is recommended to maintain a glucose target of 100 to 180 mg/


🛑This new Endocrine Society guideline update is comprehensive, but most of the recommendations are based on a low level of evidence

#Endocrine Society

#Salah

🅿️Key Points

Managing Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis, and Hepatorenal Syndrome
🛑Ascites

✅Diagnostic paracentesis should be performed in all patients with new-onset ascites and in all patients with cirrhosis and pre-existing ascites who are admitted to the hospital.

✅Recommended initial peritoneal fluid tests are cell count and differential total protein, and albumin (to enable calculation of the serum albumin–ascites gradient [SAAG]).

✅Minimal ascites (i.e., detected only by ultrasound) does not require treatment. Moderate ascites should be treated with dietary sodium restriction and diuretics (spironolactone, furosemide, or both), and large or tense ascites often requires large-volume paracentesis (LVP).

✅To prevent postparacentesis circulatory dysfunction (PPCD), a potentially dangerous complication of LVP, administer 6 to 8 g intravenous (IV) albumin per 1 L of fluid removed above 5 L. Risk for PPCD increases with LVP of >8 L in a single session.

🛑Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP):

✅Empirical treatment for SBP is recommended for all patients with ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear leukocytes >250 cells/mm3, even in the absence of symptoms; such treatment consists of an intravenous third-generation cephalosporin plus IV albumin (1.5 g/kg on day 1, followed by 1 g/kg on day 3). Cultures should be obtained prior to starting antibiotics.

✅All patients who recover from SBP should receive daily norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin for prophylaxis.

✅All patients with ascites and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage should receive prophylaxis for SBP with IV ceftriaxone for as long as 7 days.

🛑Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS):

✅Vasoconstrictors in combination with IV albumin are the mainstay of treatment for HRS. Terlipressin (a vasopressin analogue, not available in the U.S.) is the preferred first-line agent; norepinephrine is an alternative. Midodrine plus octreotide can be used, but their efficacy is low.

✅If creatinine does not decline after 4 days on maximal doses of vasopressors, further improvement is unlikely and treatment can be stopped.

✅Liver transplantation should be considered for patients with HRS


#AASLD
#salah

The Sanford guide 2022
كتاب يختص في مضادات الميكروبات كتاب جميل جدا
شكرا لدكتور حسن يونس والدكتور اسلام وكل من ساهم في ذالك
👇🏼

🛑patients with AF and hemodynamic instability undergoing urgent cardioversion (electrical or pharmacologic), after successful cardioversion to sinus rhythm,
✅we suggest therapeutic anticoagulation (with VKA or full adherence to NOAC therapy) for at least 4 weeks rather than no anticoagulation, regardless of baseline stroke risk (weak recommendation, low quality evidence).

✅patients with AF and hemodynamic instability undergoing urgent cardioversion (electrical or pharmacologic), we suggest that therapeutic-dose parenteral anticoagulation be started before cardioversion, if possible, but that initiation of anticoagulation must not delay any emergency intervention (weak recommendation, low quality evidence).
#salah

✅Anticoagulation with a VKA is indicated to achieve an INR of 3.0 in patients with a mechanical AVR and additional risk factors for thromboembolic events (AF, previous thromboembolism, LV dysfunction, or hypercoagulable conditions) or an older-generation mechanical AVR (such as ball-in-cage).
#American Heart Association
#salah

✅Continuation of VKA anticoagulation with a therapeutic INR is recommended in patients with mechanical heart valves undergoing minor procedures (such as dental extractions or cataract removal) where bleeding is easily controlled.
#American heart Association
#salah

طبعا بنسبه ايهما افضل من عائله SGLT2I في مريض HFrEF
دواء Dapagliflozin و empagliflozin

✅Reduce hospitalization
✅ Reduce CV mortality
✅Reduce All causes mortality
✅Improvement in symptoms ( reduce salt retention)
✅Control blood sugar in DM patients

يتفوق empagliflozin ع Dapagliflozin انه عليه دراسه انه ممكن
Empagliflozin Reduce the incident of hyperkalamia without significant increase in hypokalemia
وهذا قد بيساعد انه ماخفش كثير من صرف Aldactone للمريض

بينما Dapagliflozin بيكون افضل لو ترافق HFrEF مع CKD
#salah

Different formulations on ACEi and ARB

#Practice_Point
✅ If a patient is at risk for hypovolemia, consider decreasing thiazide or loop diuretic dosages before commencement of SGLT2i treatment, advise patients about symptoms of volume depletion and low blood pressure, and follow up on volume status after drug initiation.
#salah