Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️World Pandemic Treaty*
♟️Members of the World Health Organization (WHO) have finalized a proposal for the World Pandemic Treaty.
♟️The proposal was finalised by the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB), It would be presented in May at the 78th World Health Assembly for consideration.
💎Objective of the Treaty
♟️To ensure coordinated global response to pandemics while strengthening national and global:
♟️Prevention strategies
♟️Preparedness capacities
♟️Resilience of health systems
♟️Equitable access to pandemic-related resources
💎Need for the Treaty
♟️Fragmented Global Response
The treaty would promote international cooperation and harmonised policy responses during public health emergencies.
♟️R&D and Technology Gaps
♟️Disruption in Global Supply Chains
♟️Lack of Timely Information Sharing
♟️Unequal Access to Health Product
♟️International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005): Legally binding international instrument coordinated by WHO.
♟️Members of the World Health Organization (WHO) have finalized a proposal for the World Pandemic Treaty.
♟️The proposal was finalised by the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB), It would be presented in May at the 78th World Health Assembly for consideration.
💎Objective of the Treaty
♟️To ensure coordinated global response to pandemics while strengthening national and global:
♟️Prevention strategies
♟️Preparedness capacities
♟️Resilience of health systems
♟️Equitable access to pandemic-related resources
💎Need for the Treaty
♟️Fragmented Global Response
The treaty would promote international cooperation and harmonised policy responses during public health emergencies.
♟️R&D and Technology Gaps
♟️Disruption in Global Supply Chains
♟️Lack of Timely Information Sharing
♟️Unequal Access to Health Product
♟️International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005): Legally binding international instrument coordinated by WHO.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
🔆 India’s Strategic Autonomy: Achievements and Limitations
📍 Why in Focus?
✅ Debate on India’s strategic autonomy has intensified amid the Russia-Ukraine war, India’s ties with the U.S., Russia, China, and BRICS, and evolving global geopolitics.
📍 Key Highlights:
✅ Former Foreign Secretary Shyam Saran defined strategic autonomy as India’s ability to take relatively autonomous decisions on matters of vital national interest.
✅ India has resisted external pressure on several issues, including:
• Continuing oil imports from Russia
• Maintaining ties with Iran
• Opposing pressure on BRICS-related positions
• Rejecting Chinese territorial claims on Arunachal Pradesh
✅ India has simultaneously deepened engagement with the U.S., Quad, EU, Japan, and Australia, reflecting its policy of multi-alignment.
✅ India has avoided formally condemning Russia over the Ukraine invasion while balancing relations with Western powers and preserving strategic interests.
✅ The article argues that India’s strategic autonomy is neither absolute nor perfect, as economic dependence, security concerns, and geopolitical pressures continue to shape foreign policy choices.
📍 Challenges / Issues / Implications:
✅ Balancing ties between rival global powers without compromising national interests.
✅ Risk of reduced global influence if India avoids taking principled positions on major international issues.
✅ Dependence on external partners for energy, defence, and technology may constrain policy flexibility.
✅ Mains Question:
“Strategic autonomy in the 21st century is increasingly shaped by interdependence rather than isolation.” Discuss in the context of India’s foreign policy. (250 words).
📍 Why in Focus?
✅ Debate on India’s strategic autonomy has intensified amid the Russia-Ukraine war, India’s ties with the U.S., Russia, China, and BRICS, and evolving global geopolitics.
📍 Key Highlights:
✅ Former Foreign Secretary Shyam Saran defined strategic autonomy as India’s ability to take relatively autonomous decisions on matters of vital national interest.
✅ India has resisted external pressure on several issues, including:
• Continuing oil imports from Russia
• Maintaining ties with Iran
• Opposing pressure on BRICS-related positions
• Rejecting Chinese territorial claims on Arunachal Pradesh
✅ India has simultaneously deepened engagement with the U.S., Quad, EU, Japan, and Australia, reflecting its policy of multi-alignment.
✅ India has avoided formally condemning Russia over the Ukraine invasion while balancing relations with Western powers and preserving strategic interests.
✅ The article argues that India’s strategic autonomy is neither absolute nor perfect, as economic dependence, security concerns, and geopolitical pressures continue to shape foreign policy choices.
📍 Challenges / Issues / Implications:
✅ Balancing ties between rival global powers without compromising national interests.
✅ Risk of reduced global influence if India avoids taking principled positions on major international issues.
✅ Dependence on external partners for energy, defence, and technology may constrain policy flexibility.
✅ Mains Question:
“Strategic autonomy in the 21st century is increasingly shaped by interdependence rather than isolation.” Discuss in the context of India’s foreign policy. (250 words).
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
THE IDEA OF NATIONAL INCOME
As income of a single person can be measured, it can be measured for a nation and the whole world, although the method of calculation may be a little bit complex in the latter’s case. In due course, four ideas/ways to calculate the income of a nation13 developed, which are the subject matter of the national income accounting’.
● Important Points :-
💡There are four ways to calculate the ‘income’ of an economy, although diferent from each other in some ways, are the concepts of GDP, NDP, GNP and NNP.
💡 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of the all final goods and services produced within the boundary of a nation during one year period.
💡Net Domestic Product (NDP) is the GDP calculated after adjusting the weight of the value of 'depreciation’.
As income of a single person can be measured, it can be measured for a nation and the whole world, although the method of calculation may be a little bit complex in the latter’s case. In due course, four ideas/ways to calculate the income of a nation13 developed, which are the subject matter of the national income accounting’.
● Important Points :-
💡There are four ways to calculate the ‘income’ of an economy, although diferent from each other in some ways, are the concepts of GDP, NDP, GNP and NNP.
💡 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of the all final goods and services produced within the boundary of a nation during one year period.
💡Net Domestic Product (NDP) is the GDP calculated after adjusting the weight of the value of 'depreciation’.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️IMPORTANT COMMITEES in the Indian Economic system*
♟️1st. Urjit Patel Committee:-- To examine the current monetary policy framework
♟️2th. Vaghul Committee:-- For Money Market In India
♟️3th. Rattan P Watal Committee:-- To boost digital payment system in India
♟️4th. Raghuram Rajan Committee:-- For Financial Sector Reforms
♟️5th. Raja Chelliah Committee:-- For Tax Reforms
♟️6th. Rakesh Mohan Committee:- Small Savings
♟️7th. Naresh Chandra committee:-- For 14 member task force on security issues
♟️8th. P J Nayak Committee:-- Governance of Boards of Bank in India
♟️9th. Parthasarathi Shome:--- For Tax Administration Reform Commission
♟️1st. Urjit Patel Committee:-- To examine the current monetary policy framework
♟️2th. Vaghul Committee:-- For Money Market In India
♟️3th. Rattan P Watal Committee:-- To boost digital payment system in India
♟️4th. Raghuram Rajan Committee:-- For Financial Sector Reforms
♟️5th. Raja Chelliah Committee:-- For Tax Reforms
♟️6th. Rakesh Mohan Committee:- Small Savings
♟️7th. Naresh Chandra committee:-- For 14 member task force on security issues
♟️8th. P J Nayak Committee:-- Governance of Boards of Bank in India
♟️9th. Parthasarathi Shome:--- For Tax Administration Reform Commission
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Presidential Reference*
♟️The President of India recently referred 14 questions to the Supreme Court under Article 143.
*💎There are two components of Article 143*
♟️Article 143(1) allows the President to refer any question of law or fact of public importance to the Supreme Court for its advisory opinion.
♟️Article 143(2) pertains to disputes involving pre-Constitutional treaties and agreements, permitting the President to refer such matters for legal clarification.
♟️Nature of Opinion: The Supreme Court’s opinion is not binding on the President. It does not carry precedential value but holds strong persuasive authority and is usually followed by the executive and judiciary.
♟️Historical origin: The provision originates from the Government of India Act, 1935, which empowered the Governor-General to refer legal matters to the Federal Court.
♟️The President refers to the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. As per Article 145, a minimum 5-judge Bench of the Supreme Court must hear the matter.
♟️The President of India recently referred 14 questions to the Supreme Court under Article 143.
*💎There are two components of Article 143*
♟️Article 143(1) allows the President to refer any question of law or fact of public importance to the Supreme Court for its advisory opinion.
♟️Article 143(2) pertains to disputes involving pre-Constitutional treaties and agreements, permitting the President to refer such matters for legal clarification.
♟️Nature of Opinion: The Supreme Court’s opinion is not binding on the President. It does not carry precedential value but holds strong persuasive authority and is usually followed by the executive and judiciary.
♟️Historical origin: The provision originates from the Government of India Act, 1935, which empowered the Governor-General to refer legal matters to the Federal Court.
♟️The President refers to the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. As per Article 145, a minimum 5-judge Bench of the Supreme Court must hear the matter.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
🏞️🇮🇳 *भारत की प्रमुख झीलें* 🇮🇳🏞️
🔹 *जम्मू-कश्मीर* ➜ डल झील, वुलर झील ❄️
🔹 *लद्दाख* ➜ पैंगोंग त्सो झील 🏔️
🔹 *राजस्थान* ➜ सांभर, पुष्कर, जयसमंद, पिछोला 🏜️
🔹 *ओडिशा* ➜ चिल्का झील 🦩
🔹 *मणिपुर* ➜ लोकटक झील 🌿
🔹 *केरल* ➜ वेम्बनाड, अष्टमुडी, पेरियार 🥥
🔹 *महाराष्ट्र* ➜ लोनार, शिवसागर 🌋
🔹 *मध्य प्रदेश* ➜ भोजताल, इंदिरा सागर 🌊
🔹 *आंध्र प्रदेश* ➜ कोल्लेरू, पुलिकट 🐦
🔹 *तेलंगाना* ➜ हुसैन सागर, नागार्जुन सागर 🌉
🔹 *उत्तराखंड* ➜ नैनीताल, भीमताल, सातताल, नौकुचियाताल ⛰️
🔹 *हिमाचल प्रदेश* ➜ रेणुका, चंद्रताल, सूरजताल, गोविंद सागर ❄️
🔹 *सिक्किम* ➜ चोलामू, त्सोमगो 🏔️
🔹 *पंजाब* ➜ हरिके झील 🦆
🔹 *हरियाणा* ➜ सूरजकुंड 🌞
🔹 *मेघालय* ➜ उमियम झील 🌄
🔹 *कर्नाटक* ➜ उलसूर झील 🌴
🔹 *जम्मू-कश्मीर* ➜ डल झील, वुलर झील ❄️
🔹 *लद्दाख* ➜ पैंगोंग त्सो झील 🏔️
🔹 *राजस्थान* ➜ सांभर, पुष्कर, जयसमंद, पिछोला 🏜️
🔹 *ओडिशा* ➜ चिल्का झील 🦩
🔹 *मणिपुर* ➜ लोकटक झील 🌿
🔹 *केरल* ➜ वेम्बनाड, अष्टमुडी, पेरियार 🥥
🔹 *महाराष्ट्र* ➜ लोनार, शिवसागर 🌋
🔹 *मध्य प्रदेश* ➜ भोजताल, इंदिरा सागर 🌊
🔹 *आंध्र प्रदेश* ➜ कोल्लेरू, पुलिकट 🐦
🔹 *तेलंगाना* ➜ हुसैन सागर, नागार्जुन सागर 🌉
🔹 *उत्तराखंड* ➜ नैनीताल, भीमताल, सातताल, नौकुचियाताल ⛰️
🔹 *हिमाचल प्रदेश* ➜ रेणुका, चंद्रताल, सूरजताल, गोविंद सागर ❄️
🔹 *सिक्किम* ➜ चोलामू, त्सोमगो 🏔️
🔹 *पंजाब* ➜ हरिके झील 🦆
🔹 *हरियाणा* ➜ सूरजकुंड 🌞
🔹 *मेघालय* ➜ उमियम झील 🌄
🔹 *कर्नाटक* ➜ उलसूर झील 🌴
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Question:- The question below has two statements followed by two conclusions. Consider the two given statements as true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows the given statements.
*Statements*
1. All Mumbaikar are Maharashtrian.
2. All Maharashtrians are Indian.
*Conclusions*
1. Some Maharashtrian are Mumbaikar.
2. Some Indian are Mumbaikar.
A) Only I😀
B) Only II👍
C) Both I and II🙏
D) Neither I nor II❤️
Give your Right Answer
*Statements*
1. All Mumbaikar are Maharashtrian.
2. All Maharashtrians are Indian.
*Conclusions*
1. Some Maharashtrian are Mumbaikar.
2. Some Indian are Mumbaikar.
A) Only I😀
B) Only II👍
C) Both I and II🙏
D) Neither I nor II❤️
Give your Right Answer
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
🛡️ *Classification of Solar Flares*
Solar flares are classified based on their peak brightness in X-ray wavelengths into five categories:-
♟️ *X-class* The most powerful flares, capable of causing
significant radio blackouts and radiation storms.
♟️ *M-class* Medium-sized flares that can cause brief radio blackouts, mainly affecting polar regions.
♟️ *C-class* Minor flares with minimal impact on Earth.
♟️ *B-class* Weaker than C-class flares.
♟️ *A-class* The weakest flares, with negligible effects
Solar flares are classified based on their peak brightness in X-ray wavelengths into five categories:-
♟️ *X-class* The most powerful flares, capable of causing
significant radio blackouts and radiation storms.
♟️ *M-class* Medium-sized flares that can cause brief radio blackouts, mainly affecting polar regions.
♟️ *C-class* Minor flares with minimal impact on Earth.
♟️ *B-class* Weaker than C-class flares.
♟️ *A-class* The weakest flares, with negligible effects
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
✔️ Key Differences Between FERA and FEMA
❤️ FERA
✔️FERA is an acronym for Foreign Exchange Regulation Act.
✔️It was passed by the Parliament of India in 1973. The act came into force on 1st January 1974.
✔️FERA Act was repealed by the Vajpayee government in 1998.
✔️It was enacted to regulate foreign exchange and payments in India. Its main objective was to conserve forex transactions.
✔️The rules and regulations of FERA on foreign exchange were conservative and restrictive.
✔️This act came into force when the forex position in the country was not good.
✔️Comparatively, FERA Act is lengthier as it has 81 sections.
✔️Under this act, the definition of the term ‘Authorized person’ was narrow.
✔️Under this act, the citizenship of an individual was the basis for determining his/her residential status.
✔️Under FERA, no provisions were made for IT.
✔️Violation of the provisions of FERA has been considered a criminal offence and the punishment for contravention was imprisonment.
✔️Violation of FERA was a non-compoundable offence i.e. the offence cannot be compromised. Moreover, the accused was not allowed any assistance from the lawyer.
✔️The appeals were sent to the Supreme Court.
✔️According to FERA, an individual should obtain permission from the RBI to carry out forex transactions.
❤️ FEMA
✔️FEMA is an acronym for Foreign Exchange Management Act.
✔️FEMA Act was passed by the Parliament of India in 1999 to replace the FERA. It came into force on 1st June 2000.
✔️FEMA is currently active in the country.
✔️It was enacted to remove the stringent regulations on foreign exchange and promote orderly management of foreign exchange and payments. Its main objective was to manage the forex transactions.
✔️The approach of FEMA Act toward foreign exchange is flexible.
✔️This act was introduced when the strict provisions of FERA were hampering the growth of the Indian economy.
✔️FEMA has 49 sections and is shorter than the FERA.
✔️Under this act, the definition of the term ‘Authorized person’ is broad and it has included the banks under it.
✔️Under this act, the basis for determining the residential status was that an individual should be residing in India for the past 6 months.
✔️Provisions on IT were introduced under the FEMA Act.
✔️Violation of the provisions of FEMA has been considered a civil offence and the punishment for contravention was a monetary penalty. If an individual fails to pay the penalty on time, he/she may be imprisoned.
✔️Violation of FEMA is a compoundable offence and the charges can be compromised or removed. FEMA provides the accused the right to obtain legal assistance from a lawyer.
✔️A special director and a special court were introduced under FEMA to address the appeals.
✔️Under FEMA, no such pre-approval or permission of RBI is required to carry out forex transactions.
❤️ FERA
✔️FERA is an acronym for Foreign Exchange Regulation Act.
✔️It was passed by the Parliament of India in 1973. The act came into force on 1st January 1974.
✔️FERA Act was repealed by the Vajpayee government in 1998.
✔️It was enacted to regulate foreign exchange and payments in India. Its main objective was to conserve forex transactions.
✔️The rules and regulations of FERA on foreign exchange were conservative and restrictive.
✔️This act came into force when the forex position in the country was not good.
✔️Comparatively, FERA Act is lengthier as it has 81 sections.
✔️Under this act, the definition of the term ‘Authorized person’ was narrow.
✔️Under this act, the citizenship of an individual was the basis for determining his/her residential status.
✔️Under FERA, no provisions were made for IT.
✔️Violation of the provisions of FERA has been considered a criminal offence and the punishment for contravention was imprisonment.
✔️Violation of FERA was a non-compoundable offence i.e. the offence cannot be compromised. Moreover, the accused was not allowed any assistance from the lawyer.
✔️The appeals were sent to the Supreme Court.
✔️According to FERA, an individual should obtain permission from the RBI to carry out forex transactions.
❤️ FEMA
✔️FEMA is an acronym for Foreign Exchange Management Act.
✔️FEMA Act was passed by the Parliament of India in 1999 to replace the FERA. It came into force on 1st June 2000.
✔️FEMA is currently active in the country.
✔️It was enacted to remove the stringent regulations on foreign exchange and promote orderly management of foreign exchange and payments. Its main objective was to manage the forex transactions.
✔️The approach of FEMA Act toward foreign exchange is flexible.
✔️This act was introduced when the strict provisions of FERA were hampering the growth of the Indian economy.
✔️FEMA has 49 sections and is shorter than the FERA.
✔️Under this act, the definition of the term ‘Authorized person’ is broad and it has included the banks under it.
✔️Under this act, the basis for determining the residential status was that an individual should be residing in India for the past 6 months.
✔️Provisions on IT were introduced under the FEMA Act.
✔️Violation of the provisions of FEMA has been considered a civil offence and the punishment for contravention was a monetary penalty. If an individual fails to pay the penalty on time, he/she may be imprisoned.
✔️Violation of FEMA is a compoundable offence and the charges can be compromised or removed. FEMA provides the accused the right to obtain legal assistance from a lawyer.
✔️A special director and a special court were introduced under FEMA to address the appeals.
✔️Under FEMA, no such pre-approval or permission of RBI is required to carry out forex transactions.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)*
♟️The Comptroller and Auditor General is appointed by the President of India and can be removed from office only in the manner and on the grounds that a Judge of the Supreme Court is removed.
♟️The person appointed to this office should take an oath of office before the President or any other person appointed by the office of the President.
♟️The salary, service conditions, leaves of absence, pension and age of retirement are determined by the Parliament of India and specified in the Second Schedule such that the service conditions and salary will not be modified to the disadvantage of the incumbent during their tenure.
♟️The CAG is not eligible for any further office after the end of their tenure either in the Government of India or any State Government.
♟️The administrative expenses of the office of CAG, including salaries, allowances and pensions serving in that office are charged up on the Consolidated Fund of India.Thus they are not subjected to the vote of Parliament.
♟️The Comptroller and Auditor General is appointed by the President of India and can be removed from office only in the manner and on the grounds that a Judge of the Supreme Court is removed.
♟️The person appointed to this office should take an oath of office before the President or any other person appointed by the office of the President.
♟️The salary, service conditions, leaves of absence, pension and age of retirement are determined by the Parliament of India and specified in the Second Schedule such that the service conditions and salary will not be modified to the disadvantage of the incumbent during their tenure.
♟️The CAG is not eligible for any further office after the end of their tenure either in the Government of India or any State Government.
♟️The administrative expenses of the office of CAG, including salaries, allowances and pensions serving in that office are charged up on the Consolidated Fund of India.Thus they are not subjected to the vote of Parliament.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Procedure Of The Court*
♟️The Supreme Court can, with the approval of the president, make
rules for regulating generally the practice and procedure of the
Court.
♟️The Constitutional cases or references made by the
President under Article 143 are decided by a Bench consisting of
at least five judges.
♟️All other cases are decided by single judges and division benches.
♟️The judgements are delivered by the open court. All judgements are by majority vote but if differing, then judges can give dissenting judgements or opinions.
♟️The Supreme Court can, with the approval of the president, make
rules for regulating generally the practice and procedure of the
Court.
♟️The Constitutional cases or references made by the
President under Article 143 are decided by a Bench consisting of
at least five judges.
♟️All other cases are decided by single judges and division benches.
♟️The judgements are delivered by the open court. All judgements are by majority vote but if differing, then judges can give dissenting judgements or opinions.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*Q. Which quantum number determines the shape of an orbital?*
*A. Principal quantum number 👍🏻*
*B. Azimuthal quantum number ❤️*
*C. Magnetic quantum number 🥰*
*D. Spin quantum number 🙏🏻*
*👉🏻 Give Your Right Answer ✅*
*A. Principal quantum number 👍🏻*
*B. Azimuthal quantum number ❤️*
*C. Magnetic quantum number 🥰*
*D. Spin quantum number 🙏🏻*
*👉🏻 Give Your Right Answer ✅*
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Countries bordering Kazakhstan*
*💎Trick:-* TRUCK
♟️T- Turkmenistan
♟️R- Russia
♟️U- Uzbekistan
♟️C- China
♟️K- Kyrgyzstan
*💎Trick:-* TRUCK
♟️T- Turkmenistan
♟️R- Russia
♟️U- Uzbekistan
♟️C- China
♟️K- Kyrgyzstan
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
🛡️ *Swaran Singh Committee*
♟️In 1976, Congress Party set up the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee to make recommendations about fundamental duties, the need felt during the operation of the internal emergency (1975–1977).
♟️The committee recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on fundamental duties in the Constitution.
♟️It stressed that the citizens should
become conscious that in addition to the enjoyment of rights, they also have certain duties to perform as well.
♟️The Congress Government at Centre accepted these recommendations and enacted the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976.
♟️This amendment added a new part, namely, Part IVA to the Constitution. This new part consists of only one Article, that is, Article 51A.
♟️Though Swaran Singh Committee suggested eight Fundamental Duties in the Constitution, the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (1976) included ten Fundamental Duties.
♟️In 1976, Congress Party set up the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee to make recommendations about fundamental duties, the need felt during the operation of the internal emergency (1975–1977).
♟️The committee recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on fundamental duties in the Constitution.
♟️It stressed that the citizens should
become conscious that in addition to the enjoyment of rights, they also have certain duties to perform as well.
♟️The Congress Government at Centre accepted these recommendations and enacted the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976.
♟️This amendment added a new part, namely, Part IVA to the Constitution. This new part consists of only one Article, that is, Article 51A.
♟️Though Swaran Singh Committee suggested eight Fundamental Duties in the Constitution, the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (1976) included ten Fundamental Duties.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Trick to remember DPSPs (Article 36–51)*
*💎Mnemonic:-* SEE GAPS JUMP
♟️Social Order
♟️Education
♟️Equal pay for equal work
♟️Gram Sabha
♟️Agriculture & animal husbandry
♟️Panchayats
♟️Scientific temper
♟️Judiciary independence
♟️Uniform Civil Code
♟️Minorities promotion
♟️Provision of early childhood care
*Hit 👍❤️👌 to Appreciate our Consistent Efforts.*
*💎Mnemonic:-* SEE GAPS JUMP
♟️Social Order
♟️Education
♟️Equal pay for equal work
♟️Gram Sabha
♟️Agriculture & animal husbandry
♟️Panchayats
♟️Scientific temper
♟️Judiciary independence
♟️Uniform Civil Code
♟️Minorities promotion
♟️Provision of early childhood care
*Hit 👍❤️👌 to Appreciate our Consistent Efforts.*
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*भारत के Seven Sister राज्य* 🌄🇮🇳
*Trick:* ATM में मीना 😄🧠
*A =* असम 🌿
*T =* त्रिपुरा 🌴
*M =* मणिपुर 🌸
*में =* मेघालय 🌧️
*मी =* मिजोरम 🌄
*ना =* नागालैंड 🏞️
*आ =* अरुणाचल प्रदेश 🌅
*Trick अच्छी लगी हो तो 👍♥️ लाइक जरुर करें*
*Trick:* ATM में मीना 😄🧠
*A =* असम 🌿
*T =* त्रिपुरा 🌴
*M =* मणिपुर 🌸
*में =* मेघालय 🌧️
*मी =* मिजोरम 🌄
*ना =* नागालैंड 🏞️
*आ =* अरुणाचल प्रदेश 🌅
*Trick अच्छी लगी हो तो 👍♥️ लाइक जरुर करें*
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)*
♟️The Comptroller and Auditor General is appointed by the President of India and can be removed from office only in the manner and on the grounds that a Judge of the Supreme Court is removed.
♟️The person appointed to this office should take an oath of office before the President or any other person appointed by the office of the President.
♟️The salary, service conditions, leaves of absence, pension and age of retirement are determined by the Parliament of India and specified in the Second Schedule such that the service conditions and salary will not be modified to the disadvantage of the incumbent during their tenure.
♟️The CAG is not eligible for any further office after the end of their tenure either in the Government of India or any State Government.
♟️The administrative expenses of the office of CAG, including salaries, allowances and pensions serving in that office are charged up on the Consolidated Fund of India.Thus they are not subjected to the vote of Parliament.
♟️The Comptroller and Auditor General is appointed by the President of India and can be removed from office only in the manner and on the grounds that a Judge of the Supreme Court is removed.
♟️The person appointed to this office should take an oath of office before the President or any other person appointed by the office of the President.
♟️The salary, service conditions, leaves of absence, pension and age of retirement are determined by the Parliament of India and specified in the Second Schedule such that the service conditions and salary will not be modified to the disadvantage of the incumbent during their tenure.
♟️The CAG is not eligible for any further office after the end of their tenure either in the Government of India or any State Government.
♟️The administrative expenses of the office of CAG, including salaries, allowances and pensions serving in that office are charged up on the Consolidated Fund of India.Thus they are not subjected to the vote of Parliament.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*::::::::::PREAMBLE::::::::::*
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC[1] and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the [unity and integrity of the Nation[2];
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC[1] and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the [unity and integrity of the Nation[2];
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Governor Vs Lt. Governor Powers*
♟️President is final decision-making authority in case of dispute between LG and cabinet of UT.
♟️In general, Governor of a state has to act solely on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, whereas, the LG does not need the approval of the Council of Ministers on every matter.
♟️Unlike Governor which has dual role to play i.e. Constitutional Head of the state as well as agent of the President, LG is not Constitutional head of the UT but only an agent of President.
♟️Chief Ministers of Delhi and Puducherry are appointed by the President and not by LG, whereas the Chief Ministers of states are appointed by the Governor.
♟️CM give resignation to LG and not to Presiden
*Hit 👍🏻❤️👌🏻 To Appreciate Our Consistent Efforts*
♟️President is final decision-making authority in case of dispute between LG and cabinet of UT.
♟️In general, Governor of a state has to act solely on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, whereas, the LG does not need the approval of the Council of Ministers on every matter.
♟️Unlike Governor which has dual role to play i.e. Constitutional Head of the state as well as agent of the President, LG is not Constitutional head of the UT but only an agent of President.
♟️Chief Ministers of Delhi and Puducherry are appointed by the President and not by LG, whereas the Chief Ministers of states are appointed by the Governor.
♟️CM give resignation to LG and not to Presiden
*Hit 👍🏻❤️👌🏻 To Appreciate Our Consistent Efforts*
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
🛡️ *Banjara Culture*
♟️The Banjara community consists of various groups found throughout India, with a significant population in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
♟️They have settled in permanent settlements called Tandas, abandoning their nomadic lifestyle.
♟️The Banjara people speak GorBoli, also known as Lambadi, which belongs to the Indo-Aryan group of languages and has no script.
♟️Teej is a festival celebrated by young unmarried Banjara girls in Shravanam (August), where they pray for a good groom.
♟️Fire dance and Chari are traditional dance forms of the Banjara people.
♟️The Banjara community consists of various groups found throughout India, with a significant population in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
♟️They have settled in permanent settlements called Tandas, abandoning their nomadic lifestyle.
♟️The Banjara people speak GorBoli, also known as Lambadi, which belongs to the Indo-Aryan group of languages and has no script.
♟️Teej is a festival celebrated by young unmarried Banjara girls in Shravanam (August), where they pray for a good groom.
♟️Fire dance and Chari are traditional dance forms of the Banjara people.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*✍️प्रमुख राष्ट्रीय उद्यान / Major National Parks*
=================================
*✅जिम कॉर्बेट राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Jim Corbett National Park)*
➤ राज्य: उत्तराखंड
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1936
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: बंगाल टाइगर
➤ State: Uttarakhand
➤ Established: 1936
➤ Famous Animal: Bengal Tiger
*✅काजीरंगा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Kaziranga National Park)*
➤ राज्य: असम
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1905
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: एक सींग वाला गैंडा
➤ State: Assam
➤ Established: 1905
➤ Famous Animal: One-horned Rhinoceros
*✅रणथंभौर राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Ranthambore National Park)*
➤ राज्य: राजस्थान
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1980
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: टाइगर
➤ State: Rajasthan
➤ Established: 1980
➤ Famous Animal: Tiger
*✅गिर राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Gir National Park)*
➤ राज्य: गुजरात
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1965
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: एशियाई शेर
➤ State: Gujarat
➤ Established: 1965
➤ Famous Animal: Asiatic Lion
*✅सुंदरबन राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Sundarbans National Park)*
➤ राज्य: पश्चिम बंगाल
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1984
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: रॉयल बंगाल टाइगर
➤ State: West Bengal
➤ Established: 1984
➤ Famous Animal: Royal Bengal Tiger
*✅कान्हा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Kanha National Park)*
➤ राज्य: मध्य प्रदेश
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1955
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: बारहसिंगा
➤ State: Madhya Pradesh
➤ Established: 1955
➤ Famous Animal: Barasingha
Tap ❤️ if this helped you!
=================================
*✅जिम कॉर्बेट राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Jim Corbett National Park)*
➤ राज्य: उत्तराखंड
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1936
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: बंगाल टाइगर
➤ State: Uttarakhand
➤ Established: 1936
➤ Famous Animal: Bengal Tiger
*✅काजीरंगा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Kaziranga National Park)*
➤ राज्य: असम
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1905
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: एक सींग वाला गैंडा
➤ State: Assam
➤ Established: 1905
➤ Famous Animal: One-horned Rhinoceros
*✅रणथंभौर राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Ranthambore National Park)*
➤ राज्य: राजस्थान
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1980
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: टाइगर
➤ State: Rajasthan
➤ Established: 1980
➤ Famous Animal: Tiger
*✅गिर राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Gir National Park)*
➤ राज्य: गुजरात
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1965
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: एशियाई शेर
➤ State: Gujarat
➤ Established: 1965
➤ Famous Animal: Asiatic Lion
*✅सुंदरबन राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Sundarbans National Park)*
➤ राज्य: पश्चिम बंगाल
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1984
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: रॉयल बंगाल टाइगर
➤ State: West Bengal
➤ Established: 1984
➤ Famous Animal: Royal Bengal Tiger
*✅कान्हा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Kanha National Park)*
➤ राज्य: मध्य प्रदेश
➤ स्थापना वर्ष: 1955
➤ प्रसिद्ध जीव: बारहसिंगा
➤ State: Madhya Pradesh
➤ Established: 1955
➤ Famous Animal: Barasingha
Tap ❤️ if this helped you!