Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
π Topper Talks on Telegram Live! 2-Time AIR Holder π―
Amar Baghel (AIR 592 & 583)
π Sociology Optional Score: 278 & 277
β Learn strategy.
β Ask questions.
β Get real insights.
π 22 March 2026 (Sunday) |
β° 11:00 AM
π Join Live https://t.me/+fLfI5NIusnIxOWM1
Amar Baghel (AIR 592 & 583)
π Sociology Optional Score: 278 & 277
β Learn strategy.
β Ask questions.
β Get real insights.
π 22 March 2026 (Sunday) |
β° 11:00 AM
π Join Live https://t.me/+fLfI5NIusnIxOWM1
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
uppcs 2023 DSP Topper ( Scs Gyan sir student ) Rank 42 Roll number 185483 Arun Parashar
( up pcs topper finally selected from PCS KING π₯GYAN SIR study for civil services )
#uppcs #uppsc
UPPCS 2026 ΰ€Άΰ₯ΰ€°ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ€€ ΰ€Έΰ₯ ΰ€ͺΰ₯ΰ€°ΰ₯ ΰ€€ΰ₯ΰ€―ΰ€Ύΰ€°ΰ₯ = https://t.me/studyforcivilservices/52271?single
( up pcs topper finally selected from PCS KING π₯GYAN SIR study for civil services )
#uppcs #uppsc
UPPCS 2026 ΰ€Άΰ₯ΰ€°ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ€€ ΰ€Έΰ₯ ΰ€ͺΰ₯ΰ€°ΰ₯ ΰ€€ΰ₯ΰ€―ΰ€Ύΰ€°ΰ₯ = https://t.me/studyforcivilservices/52271?single
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*Supporting Balanced Fertilization:*
*Nutrient-Based Subsidy Rates for Rabi 2025β26*
_Ensuring affordability and productivity in Indian agriculture_
Key Highlights
πΎ The Government *approved the Nutrient-Based Subsidy (NBS) rates for Rabi 2025β26* , effective from 1 October 2025 to 31 March 2026, covering Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) fertilizers, including DAP and NPKS grades.
π° The *tentative budgetary requirement for Rabi 2025β26* is approximately *βΉ37,952 crore ,about βΉ736 crore higher* than the budgetary requirement for the Kharif 2025 season.
π Over *βΉ2.04 lakh crore allocated* between 2022β23 and 2024β25 towards *NBS subsidies* , ensuring affordable access to fertilizers.
π NBS has driven *significant growth in domestic fertilizer production* , with P&K fertilizers (DAP and NPKS) output *increasing from 112.19 LMT in 2014 to 168.55 LMT in 2025* (as on 30.12.2025), reflecting over *50% growth* during the period.
*Nutrient-Based Subsidy Rates for Rabi 2025β26*
_Ensuring affordability and productivity in Indian agriculture_
Key Highlights
πΎ The Government *approved the Nutrient-Based Subsidy (NBS) rates for Rabi 2025β26* , effective from 1 October 2025 to 31 March 2026, covering Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) fertilizers, including DAP and NPKS grades.
π° The *tentative budgetary requirement for Rabi 2025β26* is approximately *βΉ37,952 crore ,about βΉ736 crore higher* than the budgetary requirement for the Kharif 2025 season.
π Over *βΉ2.04 lakh crore allocated* between 2022β23 and 2024β25 towards *NBS subsidies* , ensuring affordable access to fertilizers.
π NBS has driven *significant growth in domestic fertilizer production* , with P&K fertilizers (DAP and NPKS) output *increasing from 112.19 LMT in 2014 to 168.55 LMT in 2025* (as on 30.12.2025), reflecting over *50% growth* during the period.
β€1
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*π‘οΈFIRST ANGLO-MYSORE WAR*
βοΈThe First Anglo-Mysore War (1767β1769) was the first of four military conflicts fought between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company, along with its allies. It marked the beginning of a series of struggles for control in South India.
*πBackground*
βοΈThe war took place in South India.
βοΈHyder Ali, the de facto ruler of Mysore, had risen to power and posed a serious threat to British interests in the region.
βοΈThe British East India Company sought to check Hyder Aliβs growing influence.
βοΈMysore had strategic alliances with the French, while the British were allied with the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabadβat least initially.
*πCauses of the War*
βοΈExpansionist ambitions of both the British and Hyder Ali.
βοΈBreakdown of trust between the East India Company and Indian rulers.
βοΈStrategic interests in the Carnatic region and control over South India.
βοΈMysoreβs alliance with the French, which threatened British influence.
*πKey Events*
βοΈHyder Ali surprised the British with his swift military tactics and alliance with the Nizam of Hyderabad (though the Nizam later switched sides).
βοΈHyder Ali launched an invasion of the Carnatic, reaching as close as Madras (now Chennai).
βοΈThe British forces were unprepared and suffered several defeats.
βοΈEventually, both sides agreed to negotiate due to military exhaustion and lack of support.
*πOutcome*
βοΈThe war ended with the Treaty of Madras in 1769.
βοΈThe treaty promised mutual restitution of conquered territories and mutual defense.
It did not resolve underlying tensions, leading to future conflicts.
*πSignificance*
βοΈThe war exposed weaknesses in the British military position in South India.
βοΈIt elevated Hyder Aliβs reputation as a skilled military leader.
βοΈThe British failure to honor the Treaty of Madras later contributed to the Second Anglo-Mysore War.
βοΈThe First Anglo-Mysore War (1767β1769) was the first of four military conflicts fought between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company, along with its allies. It marked the beginning of a series of struggles for control in South India.
*πBackground*
βοΈThe war took place in South India.
βοΈHyder Ali, the de facto ruler of Mysore, had risen to power and posed a serious threat to British interests in the region.
βοΈThe British East India Company sought to check Hyder Aliβs growing influence.
βοΈMysore had strategic alliances with the French, while the British were allied with the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabadβat least initially.
*πCauses of the War*
βοΈExpansionist ambitions of both the British and Hyder Ali.
βοΈBreakdown of trust between the East India Company and Indian rulers.
βοΈStrategic interests in the Carnatic region and control over South India.
βοΈMysoreβs alliance with the French, which threatened British influence.
*πKey Events*
βοΈHyder Ali surprised the British with his swift military tactics and alliance with the Nizam of Hyderabad (though the Nizam later switched sides).
βοΈHyder Ali launched an invasion of the Carnatic, reaching as close as Madras (now Chennai).
βοΈThe British forces were unprepared and suffered several defeats.
βοΈEventually, both sides agreed to negotiate due to military exhaustion and lack of support.
*πOutcome*
βοΈThe war ended with the Treaty of Madras in 1769.
βοΈThe treaty promised mutual restitution of conquered territories and mutual defense.
It did not resolve underlying tensions, leading to future conflicts.
*πSignificance*
βοΈThe war exposed weaknesses in the British military position in South India.
βοΈIt elevated Hyder Aliβs reputation as a skilled military leader.
βοΈThe British failure to honor the Treaty of Madras later contributed to the Second Anglo-Mysore War.
π€1
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*π‘οΈSmog-Eating Technology*
βοΈA photocatalytic technology based primarily on Titanium Dioxide (TiOβ).
βοΈWorks through coatings applied on roads, pavements, buildings, etc. to neutralize air pollutants.
*πHow it Works?*
βοΈTiOβ acts as a photocatalyst when exposed to sunlight/UV light.
βοΈConverts harmful gases like Nitrogen Dioxide (NOβ) & VOCs β into nitrates, COβ & water.
βοΈCreates a βself-cleaningβ effect, breaking down pollutants on contact.
*πBenefits*
βοΈReduces harmful pollutants (NOβ, hydrocarbons).
βοΈImproves public health by lowering toxic air exposure.
βοΈLow-maintenance, works passively under sunlight.
βοΈCan be integrated with existing urban infrastructure without major disruption.
*πChallenges*
βοΈNeeds scientific validation under Indian/local conditions.
βοΈCost-effectiveness of large-scale application still debated.
βοΈConcerns about long-term durability of coatings & safe disposal of residues.
βοΈA photocatalytic technology based primarily on Titanium Dioxide (TiOβ).
βοΈWorks through coatings applied on roads, pavements, buildings, etc. to neutralize air pollutants.
*πHow it Works?*
βοΈTiOβ acts as a photocatalyst when exposed to sunlight/UV light.
βοΈConverts harmful gases like Nitrogen Dioxide (NOβ) & VOCs β into nitrates, COβ & water.
βοΈCreates a βself-cleaningβ effect, breaking down pollutants on contact.
*πBenefits*
βοΈReduces harmful pollutants (NOβ, hydrocarbons).
βοΈImproves public health by lowering toxic air exposure.
βοΈLow-maintenance, works passively under sunlight.
βοΈCan be integrated with existing urban infrastructure without major disruption.
*πChallenges*
βοΈNeeds scientific validation under Indian/local conditions.
βοΈCost-effectiveness of large-scale application still debated.
βοΈConcerns about long-term durability of coatings & safe disposal of residues.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
βοΈGI TAGGED HANDLOOM PRODUCTS (State-wise)
π Andhra Pradesh
β Uppada Jamdani Sarees
β Venkatagiri Sarees
β Mangalagiri Sarees & Fabrics
β Dharmavaram Handloom Pattu Sarees & Paavadas
π Gujarat
β Tangaliya Shawl
β Kachchh Shawls
β Patan Patola
β Rajkot Patola
π Himachal Pradesh
β Kullu Shawl
β Kinnauri Shawl
π Jammu & Kashmir
β Kashmir Pashmina
β Kani Shawl
π Karnataka
β Navalgund Durries
β Ilkal Sarees
β Molakalmuru Sarees
β Udupi Sarees
β Mysore Silk
β Guledgudd Khana
π Kerala
β Cannanore Home Furnishings
β Balaramapuram Sarees
β Kasaragod Sarees
β Kuthampully Sarees
β Chendamangalam Dhoties & Set
β MunduβKuthampully Dhoties & Set Mundu
π Madhya Pradesh
β Chanderi Sarees
β Maheshwar Sarees
π Maharashtra
β Solapur Chaddar
β Paithani Sarees
β Solapur Terry Towel
β Karvath Kati Tussar Sarees
π Manipur
β Shaphee Lanphee
β Wangkhei Phee
β Moirang Phee
π Odisha
β Kotpad Handloom
β Orissa Ikat
β Khandua Saree
β Gopalpur Tussar
β Dhalapathar Parda
β Sambalpuri Bandha Saree
β Bomkai Saree
β Habaspuri Saree
β Berhampur Patta (Phoda Kumbha) Saree
π Tamil Nadu
β Kancheepuram Silk
β Bhavani Jamakkalam
β Madurai Sungudi
β Arani Silk
β Kovai Kora Cotton Sarees
β Salem Silk (Salem Venpattu)
π Telangana
β Pochampally Ikat
β Gadwal Sarees
β Siddipet Gollabama
β Narayanpet Handloom Sarees
π Uttar Pradesh
β Banaras Brocades & Saree
β Mirzapur Handmade Dari
π West Bengal
β Santipore Saree
β Baluchari Saree
β Dhaniakhali Saree
πΈ Other GI Tags
β Muga Silk β Assam
β Bhagalpur Silk β Bihar
β Champa Silk Saree β Chhattisgarh
β Kota Doria β Rajasthan
β Chakheshang Shawls β Nagaland
π Andhra Pradesh
β Uppada Jamdani Sarees
β Venkatagiri Sarees
β Mangalagiri Sarees & Fabrics
β Dharmavaram Handloom Pattu Sarees & Paavadas
π Gujarat
β Tangaliya Shawl
β Kachchh Shawls
β Patan Patola
β Rajkot Patola
π Himachal Pradesh
β Kullu Shawl
β Kinnauri Shawl
π Jammu & Kashmir
β Kashmir Pashmina
β Kani Shawl
π Karnataka
β Navalgund Durries
β Ilkal Sarees
β Molakalmuru Sarees
β Udupi Sarees
β Mysore Silk
β Guledgudd Khana
π Kerala
β Cannanore Home Furnishings
β Balaramapuram Sarees
β Kasaragod Sarees
β Kuthampully Sarees
β Chendamangalam Dhoties & Set
β MunduβKuthampully Dhoties & Set Mundu
π Madhya Pradesh
β Chanderi Sarees
β Maheshwar Sarees
π Maharashtra
β Solapur Chaddar
β Paithani Sarees
β Solapur Terry Towel
β Karvath Kati Tussar Sarees
π Manipur
β Shaphee Lanphee
β Wangkhei Phee
β Moirang Phee
π Odisha
β Kotpad Handloom
β Orissa Ikat
β Khandua Saree
β Gopalpur Tussar
β Dhalapathar Parda
β Sambalpuri Bandha Saree
β Bomkai Saree
β Habaspuri Saree
β Berhampur Patta (Phoda Kumbha) Saree
π Tamil Nadu
β Kancheepuram Silk
β Bhavani Jamakkalam
β Madurai Sungudi
β Arani Silk
β Kovai Kora Cotton Sarees
β Salem Silk (Salem Venpattu)
π Telangana
β Pochampally Ikat
β Gadwal Sarees
β Siddipet Gollabama
β Narayanpet Handloom Sarees
π Uttar Pradesh
β Banaras Brocades & Saree
β Mirzapur Handmade Dari
π West Bengal
β Santipore Saree
β Baluchari Saree
β Dhaniakhali Saree
πΈ Other GI Tags
β Muga Silk β Assam
β Bhagalpur Silk β Bihar
β Champa Silk Saree β Chhattisgarh
β Kota Doria β Rajasthan
β Chakheshang Shawls β Nagaland
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
π‘οΈ *Saraswati River*
βοΈThe river is mentioned over 80 times in the Rigveda and is believed to have dried up more than 5,000 years ago due to climatic and tectonic shifts.
βοΈIt originated in the Himalayas and flowed through Haryana, Rajasthan, North Gujarat, and Pakistan before reaching the Gulf at the Western Sea, spanning approximately 4,000 km.
βοΈThe river had two branchesβwestern and easternβthat joined at Shatrana, 25 km south of Patiala.
βοΈThe western branch, represented by the ancient Satluj, flowed through the channels of the present-day Ghaggar-Patialiwali rivulets.
βοΈThe eastern branch, supported by the Markanda and Sarsuti rivers, is now known as the Tons-Yamuna rivers.
βοΈThe river is mentioned over 80 times in the Rigveda and is believed to have dried up more than 5,000 years ago due to climatic and tectonic shifts.
βοΈIt originated in the Himalayas and flowed through Haryana, Rajasthan, North Gujarat, and Pakistan before reaching the Gulf at the Western Sea, spanning approximately 4,000 km.
βοΈThe river had two branchesβwestern and easternβthat joined at Shatrana, 25 km south of Patiala.
βοΈThe western branch, represented by the ancient Satluj, flowed through the channels of the present-day Ghaggar-Patialiwali rivulets.
βοΈThe eastern branch, supported by the Markanda and Sarsuti rivers, is now known as the Tons-Yamuna rivers.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*π‘οΈNehru Report: Key Highlights (1928)*
βοΈDominion Status within the British Empire with a parliamentary system
βοΈBicameral legislature: A Senate and a House of Representatives
βοΈGovernor-General to act solely on the advice of the Executive Council
βοΈFederal structure, with residuary powers resting with the Centre
βοΈNo separate electorates for minorities to curb communal divisions
βοΈNo communal weightage system to be applied in any province
βοΈNo reserved seats for Muslims in Punjab and Bengal; only in select provinces if necessary
βοΈJudiciary to remain independent of Executive interference
βοΈMuslim representation at the Centre to be fixed at 25%
βοΈSindh to be separated from Bombay Presidency, if financially viable
βοΈPolitical reforms to extend to the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP)
βοΈDominion Status within the British Empire with a parliamentary system
βοΈBicameral legislature: A Senate and a House of Representatives
βοΈGovernor-General to act solely on the advice of the Executive Council
βοΈFederal structure, with residuary powers resting with the Centre
βοΈNo separate electorates for minorities to curb communal divisions
βοΈNo communal weightage system to be applied in any province
βοΈNo reserved seats for Muslims in Punjab and Bengal; only in select provinces if necessary
βοΈJudiciary to remain independent of Executive interference
βοΈMuslim representation at the Centre to be fixed at 25%
βοΈSindh to be separated from Bombay Presidency, if financially viable
βοΈPolitical reforms to extend to the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP)
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*π‘οΈTex-RAMPS Scheme*
*πBasics*
*βοΈFull Form:-* Textiles Focused Research, Assessment, Monitoring, Planning & Start-up
*βοΈMinistry:-* Ministry of Textiles
*βοΈFunding:-* βΉ305 crore (2025β26 to 2030β31)
*βοΈAim:-* Future-proof Indiaβs textiles & apparel (T&A) sector through research, innovation & competitiveness
*πKey Components*
*βοΈResearch & Innovation:-* Smart textiles, sustainability, advanced materials
*βοΈData, Analytics & Diagnostics:-* Employment studies, supply-chain mapping, risk assessments
*βοΈIntegrated Textiles Statistical System (ITSS):-* Real-time monitoring + strategic planning
*βοΈCapacity Development:-* Strengthening state-level planning & best-practice dissemination
*βοΈStart-up & Innovation Support:-* Incubators, hackathons, academia-industry collaboration.
*πBasics*
*βοΈFull Form:-* Textiles Focused Research, Assessment, Monitoring, Planning & Start-up
*βοΈMinistry:-* Ministry of Textiles
*βοΈFunding:-* βΉ305 crore (2025β26 to 2030β31)
*βοΈAim:-* Future-proof Indiaβs textiles & apparel (T&A) sector through research, innovation & competitiveness
*πKey Components*
*βοΈResearch & Innovation:-* Smart textiles, sustainability, advanced materials
*βοΈData, Analytics & Diagnostics:-* Employment studies, supply-chain mapping, risk assessments
*βοΈIntegrated Textiles Statistical System (ITSS):-* Real-time monitoring + strategic planning
*βοΈCapacity Development:-* Strengthening state-level planning & best-practice dissemination
*βοΈStart-up & Innovation Support:-* Incubators, hackathons, academia-industry collaboration.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
πProminent Ashokan Pillars (Mauryan Art & Administration)
βοΈDelhiβTopra Ashokan Pillar
πͺOriginally erected at Topra (Haryana) during Ashokaβs reign
πͺShifted to Delhi by Firoz Shah Tughlaq (14th century)
πͺInscriptions promote Dhamma
πͺUnique references to:
πͺTaxation policies
πͺAdministrative measures
πͺWelfare activities (tree planting, public good)
πͺMentions Jains, showing religious tolerance
βοΈPrayagraj (Allahabad) Ashokan Pillar
πͺLocated at GangaβYamuna confluence
πͺContains edicts on governance and Dhamma
πͺMentions Ashokaβs queen Karuvaki
πͺ Highlights her charitable and Dhamma-related contributions
βοΈDelhiβTopra Ashokan Pillar
πͺOriginally erected at Topra (Haryana) during Ashokaβs reign
πͺShifted to Delhi by Firoz Shah Tughlaq (14th century)
πͺInscriptions promote Dhamma
πͺUnique references to:
πͺTaxation policies
πͺAdministrative measures
πͺWelfare activities (tree planting, public good)
πͺMentions Jains, showing religious tolerance
βοΈPrayagraj (Allahabad) Ashokan Pillar
πͺLocated at GangaβYamuna confluence
πͺContains edicts on governance and Dhamma
πͺMentions Ashokaβs queen Karuvaki
πͺ Highlights her charitable and Dhamma-related contributions
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
π‘οΈIndia's installed renewable energy rank in the world
βοΈTotal renewable energy- 4th
βοΈSolar power- 3rd
βοΈWind power- 4th
βοΈHydro power- 5th
βοΈGeothermal power- 15th.
βοΈTotal renewable energy- 4th
βοΈSolar power- 3rd
βοΈWind power- 4th
βοΈHydro power- 5th
βοΈGeothermal power- 15th.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*π‘οΈLord Curzon*
βοΈThe Bardhaman municipality, West Bengal has decided to erect a statue of an erstwhile maharaja in front of the landmark Curzon Gate in the city.
*πAbout Curzon*
βοΈHe served as Under-Secretary of State for India (1891-1892), and for Foreign Affairs (1895-1898), before being appointed Viceroy of India in 1899.
βοΈOf all the Viceroys of India, Curzon is possibly the most criticised β he is the man who partitioned Bengal in 1905, and triggered a wave of Bengali nationalism that contributed to the wider Indian national movement. He was also one of the more openly imperialist of viceroys, and a man who saw Britainβs rule over India as critical to the survival of the empire.
βοΈIn 1900, Curzon famously stated, βWe could lose all our [white settlement] dominions and still survive, but if we lost India, our sun would sink to its setting.β
*πReforms by Lord Curzon*
*βοΈEducational* Curzon brought in the Indian Universities Act of 1904,which brought all the universities in India under the control of the government.
*βοΈScientific* The Agriculture Research Institute in Pusa (Bihar β Bengal Presidency) was established.
*βοΈAdministrative* He instituted a Police Commission in 1902 under the chairmanship of Sir Andrew Frazer.
βοΈDuring the Curzon regime, the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) was established which covered roughly the areas of the upper course of the River Indus.
*βοΈMilitary* Imperial cadet corpswas set up which became an instrument for the Indianisation of the army later.
βοΈThe Bardhaman municipality, West Bengal has decided to erect a statue of an erstwhile maharaja in front of the landmark Curzon Gate in the city.
*πAbout Curzon*
βοΈHe served as Under-Secretary of State for India (1891-1892), and for Foreign Affairs (1895-1898), before being appointed Viceroy of India in 1899.
βοΈOf all the Viceroys of India, Curzon is possibly the most criticised β he is the man who partitioned Bengal in 1905, and triggered a wave of Bengali nationalism that contributed to the wider Indian national movement. He was also one of the more openly imperialist of viceroys, and a man who saw Britainβs rule over India as critical to the survival of the empire.
βοΈIn 1900, Curzon famously stated, βWe could lose all our [white settlement] dominions and still survive, but if we lost India, our sun would sink to its setting.β
*πReforms by Lord Curzon*
*βοΈEducational* Curzon brought in the Indian Universities Act of 1904,which brought all the universities in India under the control of the government.
*βοΈScientific* The Agriculture Research Institute in Pusa (Bihar β Bengal Presidency) was established.
*βοΈAdministrative* He instituted a Police Commission in 1902 under the chairmanship of Sir Andrew Frazer.
βοΈDuring the Curzon regime, the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) was established which covered roughly the areas of the upper course of the River Indus.
*βοΈMilitary* Imperial cadet corpswas set up which became an instrument for the Indianisation of the army later.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*π‘οΈStages of Artificial Intelligence*
*πThree Stages of AI*
βοΈANI (Artificial Narrow Intelligence)
βοΈβWeak AIβ
βοΈPerforms single, narrow tasks
βοΈNo ability to generalise
βοΈExample: Siri, Alexa
*βοΈAGI (Artificial General Intelligence)*
βοΈβStrong AIβ
βοΈHuman-like intelligence β can learn/understand any intellectual task
βοΈCan generalise knowledge
βοΈDoes not yet exist
*βοΈASI (Artificial Superintelligence)*
βοΈTheoretical level
βοΈSurpasses human intelligence
βοΈCan solve problems beyond human capability.
*πThree Stages of AI*
βοΈANI (Artificial Narrow Intelligence)
βοΈβWeak AIβ
βοΈPerforms single, narrow tasks
βοΈNo ability to generalise
βοΈExample: Siri, Alexa
*βοΈAGI (Artificial General Intelligence)*
βοΈβStrong AIβ
βοΈHuman-like intelligence β can learn/understand any intellectual task
βοΈCan generalise knowledge
βοΈDoes not yet exist
*βοΈASI (Artificial Superintelligence)*
βοΈTheoretical level
βοΈSurpasses human intelligence
βοΈCan solve problems beyond human capability.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and Government of India Act, 1919*
β’ The British government, not prepared to part with or even share its power with the Indians, once again resorted to the policy of βcarrot and stickβ. The carrot was represented by the insubstantial Montagu- Chelmsford Reforms, while measures such as the Rowlatt Act represented the stick.
Main Features
β’ Provincial Government
β’ Introduction of Dyarchy.
β’ Provincial legislative councils were further expanded and 70 percent of the members were to be elected.
β’ The system of communal and class electorates was further consolidated.
β’ Central Government
β’ No responsible government was envisaged in the Act for the government at the all-India level.
β’ A bicameral arrangement was introduced.
β’ The governor-general was to be the chief executive authority.
β’ The Act clarified that there would be a gradual development of self-governing institution in India and not self-determination of the people of India.
β’ The British government, not prepared to part with or even share its power with the Indians, once again resorted to the policy of βcarrot and stickβ. The carrot was represented by the insubstantial Montagu- Chelmsford Reforms, while measures such as the Rowlatt Act represented the stick.
Main Features
β’ Provincial Government
β’ Introduction of Dyarchy.
β’ Provincial legislative councils were further expanded and 70 percent of the members were to be elected.
β’ The system of communal and class electorates was further consolidated.
β’ Central Government
β’ No responsible government was envisaged in the Act for the government at the all-India level.
β’ A bicameral arrangement was introduced.
β’ The governor-general was to be the chief executive authority.
β’ The Act clarified that there would be a gradual development of self-governing institution in India and not self-determination of the people of India.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*π‘οΈTrans - Himalayas*
βοΈLies immediately north of Great himalayan ranges.
βοΈAlso known as Tibetan Himalaya because lies in Tibet.
βοΈAverage elevation - 3000m.
βοΈAverage width - 40km in extremities and about 225km in Central part.
βοΈDistance of about 1000km in east - west direction.
βοΈThis contain Tethys sediments. Rocks of this region contain fossil marine sediments but underlain by Tetitiary granite.
βοΈThe Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailash and Karakoram are main ranges.
βοΈK2 lies here.
βοΈLies immediately north of Great himalayan ranges.
βοΈAlso known as Tibetan Himalaya because lies in Tibet.
βοΈAverage elevation - 3000m.
βοΈAverage width - 40km in extremities and about 225km in Central part.
βοΈDistance of about 1000km in east - west direction.
βοΈThis contain Tethys sediments. Rocks of this region contain fossil marine sediments but underlain by Tetitiary granite.
βοΈThe Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailash and Karakoram are main ranges.
βοΈK2 lies here.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950)* β Personal liberty under Article 21.
*Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)* β Basic Structure Doctrine.
*I.C. Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)* β Amendability of Fundamental Rights.
*Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)* β Expanded the scope of Article 21.
*S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994)* β Federalism and misuse of Article 356.
*Indira Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)* β Reservations and the Mandal Commission.
*K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017)* β Right to Privacy.
*Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)* β Decriminalization of homosexuality.
*Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017)* β Triple Talaq invalid.
*Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)* β Reaffirmed the Basic Structure Doctrine..
*Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)* β Basic Structure Doctrine.
*I.C. Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)* β Amendability of Fundamental Rights.
*Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)* β Expanded the scope of Article 21.
*S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994)* β Federalism and misuse of Article 356.
*Indira Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)* β Reservations and the Mandal Commission.
*K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017)* β Right to Privacy.
*Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)* β Decriminalization of homosexuality.
*Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017)* β Triple Talaq invalid.
*Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)* β Reaffirmed the Basic Structure Doctrine..
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*π‘οΈAshoka Rock Edicts Features Inscribed in Edicts*
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict I :-* Prohibits animal slaughter Bans festive gatherings
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict II :-* Mentions the South Indian kingdoms such as Cholas, Pandya, Satyaputas and Keralaputras.
Deals with social welfare measures
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict III :-*
Liberty to Brahmanas Every five years Yukatas, Pradesikas along with Rajukas visit all the areas of the kingdom to spread Dhamma.
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict IV :-*
Preference of Dhammaghosa (Sound of peace) over Berighosa (Sound of wandrums).
Impact of Dhamma on society
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict V :-* Humane treatment of slaves by their masters Mentions about the appointment of Dhamma Mahamatras.
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict VI :-* Deals with the welfare measures Kingβs wish to know about the condition of the people
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict VII :-* Tolerance towards all religions and sects
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict VIII :-*
Mentions about Ashokaβs visit to Bodh Gaya and Bodhi tree Maintaining contact with rural people via Dharmayatras.
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict IX :-* Stresses on the moral conduct of people.
Avoiding expensive ceremonies
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict X :-* Condemns the desire for fame and glory
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict XI :-* Elaborate explanation of Dhamma
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict XII :-* Appeal for developing tolerance towards all religious sects.
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict XIII :-* Explains about Kalinga war and conquest through dhamma
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict XIV :-* Deals with the purpose of engraving inscriptions in various parts of the country.
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict I :-* Prohibits animal slaughter Bans festive gatherings
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict II :-* Mentions the South Indian kingdoms such as Cholas, Pandya, Satyaputas and Keralaputras.
Deals with social welfare measures
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict III :-*
Liberty to Brahmanas Every five years Yukatas, Pradesikas along with Rajukas visit all the areas of the kingdom to spread Dhamma.
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict IV :-*
Preference of Dhammaghosa (Sound of peace) over Berighosa (Sound of wandrums).
Impact of Dhamma on society
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict V :-* Humane treatment of slaves by their masters Mentions about the appointment of Dhamma Mahamatras.
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict VI :-* Deals with the welfare measures Kingβs wish to know about the condition of the people
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict VII :-* Tolerance towards all religions and sects
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict VIII :-*
Mentions about Ashokaβs visit to Bodh Gaya and Bodhi tree Maintaining contact with rural people via Dharmayatras.
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict IX :-* Stresses on the moral conduct of people.
Avoiding expensive ceremonies
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict X :-* Condemns the desire for fame and glory
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict XI :-* Elaborate explanation of Dhamma
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict XII :-* Appeal for developing tolerance towards all religious sects.
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict XIII :-* Explains about Kalinga war and conquest through dhamma
*βοΈMajor Rock Edict XIV :-* Deals with the purpose of engraving inscriptions in various parts of the country.
β€1
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
πGulf of Eilat
βοΈIt is also known as Gulf of Aqaba which is the northeastern extension of the Red Sea.
βοΈThe northern portion of the Red Sea is divided by the Sinai Peninsula into the Gulf of Aqaba in the east and the Gulf of Suez in the west.
βοΈIt is located along the southeastern edge of the Sinai Peninsula and to the west of the Arabian Peninsula.
βοΈIt forms an integral part of the East African Rift System and was created by seismic activity along the Afro-Syrian Rift.
βοΈThe Tiran Strait connects the Gulf of Aqaba with the Red Sea. It also serves as a connecting point between the continents of Asia and Africa.
βοΈIt supports unique and diverse aquatic ecosystems and serves as a vital habitat for some of the worldβs richest coral reefs.
βοΈIt is bordered by the countries of Israel, Jordan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
βοΈSome of the major cities that are situated on the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba include Taba (Egypt), Eilat (Israel), and Aqaba (Jordan).
βοΈIt is also known as Gulf of Aqaba which is the northeastern extension of the Red Sea.
βοΈThe northern portion of the Red Sea is divided by the Sinai Peninsula into the Gulf of Aqaba in the east and the Gulf of Suez in the west.
βοΈIt is located along the southeastern edge of the Sinai Peninsula and to the west of the Arabian Peninsula.
βοΈIt forms an integral part of the East African Rift System and was created by seismic activity along the Afro-Syrian Rift.
βοΈThe Tiran Strait connects the Gulf of Aqaba with the Red Sea. It also serves as a connecting point between the continents of Asia and Africa.
βοΈIt supports unique and diverse aquatic ecosystems and serves as a vital habitat for some of the worldβs richest coral reefs.
βοΈIt is bordered by the countries of Israel, Jordan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
βοΈSome of the major cities that are situated on the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba include Taba (Egypt), Eilat (Israel), and Aqaba (Jordan).
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*π‘οΈCountries through which Tropic of Capricorn Passes*
*πTrick:- CAB PNB Se Mumbai Aai.*
βοΈC : Chile,
βοΈA : Argentina,
βοΈB : Brazil,
βοΈP : Paraguay,
βοΈN : Namibia,
βοΈB : Botswana,
βοΈS : South Africa,
βοΈM : Mozambique,
βοΈM : Madagascar,
βοΈA: Australia.
*Hit πβ€οΈπTo Appreciate our Consistent Efforts.*
*πTrick:- CAB PNB Se Mumbai Aai.*
βοΈC : Chile,
βοΈA : Argentina,
βοΈB : Brazil,
βοΈP : Paraguay,
βοΈN : Namibia,
βοΈB : Botswana,
βοΈS : South Africa,
βοΈM : Mozambique,
βοΈM : Madagascar,
βοΈA: Australia.
*Hit πβ€οΈπTo Appreciate our Consistent Efforts.*
β€1
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
100% FREE π₯
Last 60 days strategy for UPSC
Make your weakness your strength πͺ
1. 30 years UPSC PYQs β topic wise
2. All GS subjects covered
3. 3000+ MCQs for practice
π² Install MARKS UPSC Now - Free Accessπ
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Last 60 days strategy for UPSC
Make your weakness your strength πͺ
1. 30 years UPSC PYQs β topic wise
2. All GS subjects covered
3. 3000+ MCQs for practice
π² Install MARKS UPSC Now - Free Accessπ
https://cutt.ly/qtI4mtV1
Practice se perfection,
Marks se UPSC selection π
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
SWAYATT Initiative (Startups, Women and Youth Advantage through e-Transactions)
βObjective: To increase participation of women-led enterprises and youth in government procurement.
βFeatures
-Enables startups, women entrepreneurs, youth, Micro & Small Enterprises (MSEs), Self Help Groups (SHGs), and last-mile sellers to participate directly in government procurement.
-Implemented through the Government e-Marketplace (GeM).
-Based on the principle of social inclusion in public procurement.
-Addresses three major challenges faced by emerging enterprises:Access to markets, Access to finance,Access to value addition
βGovernment e-Marketplace (GeM)
-Online platform for government procurement, Known as Indiaβs National Procurement Portal
-Used by ministries, departments and PSUs to buy goods and services
βDeveloped by DGS&D (Ministry of Commerce & Industry) with support from National e-Governance Division (MeitY)
βObjective: To increase participation of women-led enterprises and youth in government procurement.
βFeatures
-Enables startups, women entrepreneurs, youth, Micro & Small Enterprises (MSEs), Self Help Groups (SHGs), and last-mile sellers to participate directly in government procurement.
-Implemented through the Government e-Marketplace (GeM).
-Based on the principle of social inclusion in public procurement.
-Addresses three major challenges faced by emerging enterprises:Access to markets, Access to finance,Access to value addition
βGovernment e-Marketplace (GeM)
-Online platform for government procurement, Known as Indiaβs National Procurement Portal
-Used by ministries, departments and PSUs to buy goods and services
βDeveloped by DGS&D (Ministry of Commerce & Industry) with support from National e-Governance Division (MeitY)