Civil Services Pdf Notes
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CivilServices Pdf Notes

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With Prelims 2026 approaching, Kamaraj IAS Academy is launching a special 75-Day Strategy Initiative โ€“ Prelude to Prelims 2026 designed to help aspirants focus on what truly matters for the examination.
Over the next 75 days, we will provide subject-wise smart analysis of expected areas of questions.

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Are You Prelims Ready for 2026?
Your Real preparation begins with a Real test!

๐ŸŽฏ UPSC FREE Prelims Mock Test 2026 (PRAGATI 2026) is here to help you benchmark your preparation at an All India level.

๐Ÿ”ฅAVAILABLE IN BOTH ONLINE AND OFFLINE
Karol Bagh, Prayagraj, Patna, Lucknow, Indore

๐Ÿ—“ 22nd March 2026
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โฐ 2:30 PM โ€“ CSAT

This is not just a mock โ€” itโ€™s your reality check before Prelims 2026.

๐Ÿ‘‰ Take the test. Know your standing. Improve strategically.
๐Ÿ”— Enroll Now: https://www.studyiq.net/lp/SIQPMT-2026.html

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MPPCS 2026 CUTOFF nikalne ki last days strategy,

most important topics full Study plan By GYAN SIR
*๐Ÿ”†Keywords in Preamble*

Trick- DR. Sushant Singh Saini
was fond of JaLEBI

โœ…D- Democratic
โœ…R- Republic
โœ…S- Sovereign
โœ…S- Social
โœ…S- Secular
โœ…J-Justice
โœ…L-Liberty
โœ…E-Equality
โœ…B-Brotherhood-word used in the preamble is โ€˜fraternityโ€™
โœ…I-Integrity
*๐Ÿ›ก๏ธGreen Hydrogen Hubs โ€“ MNRE*

*๐Ÿ’ŽRecognised Ports:-*
โ™Ÿ๏ธDeendayal (Gujarat)
โ™Ÿ๏ธV.O. Chidambaranar (Tamil Nadu)
โ™Ÿ๏ธParadip (Odisha)

*๐Ÿ’ŽPurpose:-* Boost clean fuel innovation, green investments & industrial participation.

*๐Ÿ’ŽAbout NGHM (National Green Hydrogen Mission):-*
*โ™Ÿ๏ธLaunch:-* Jan 2023
*โ™Ÿ๏ธGoal:-* Make India a Global Hub for Green Hydrogen production, use & export.
*โ™Ÿ๏ธTarget:-* 5 MMT Green Hydrogen/year by 2030.
*๐Ÿ›ก๏ธBhakti Saint & their time Period*

โ™Ÿ๏ธShankara (788 - 820 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธRamanuja (1017-1137 A.D)
โ™Ÿ๏ธBasava (12th Century)
โ™Ÿ๏ธMadhva (1238-1319 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธRamanada (15th century)
โ™Ÿ๏ธKabir (1440-1510 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธChaitanya (1468-1533 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธGuru Nanak Dev (1469-1538 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธPurandara (15th century)
โ™Ÿ๏ธDadu Dayal (1544-1603 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธSurdas (1483-1563 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธVallabhacharya (1479-1531 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธShankaradeva (1499-1569 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธMirabai (1498-1563 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธHaridas (1478-1573 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธTulasidas (1532-1623 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธNamdeva (1270-1309 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธJnanesvar (1275-1296 AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธEknath (1533-1599AD)
โ™Ÿ๏ธTukaram (1608?- 1650AD).
*๐Ÿ›ก๏ธTricks to remember important Vanilla Countries in Indian Ocean*

*๐Ÿ’ŽTrick:- MalSy Gone Mad at MauRya*

*โ™Ÿ๏ธMal = Mayotte*

*โ™Ÿ๏ธSy = Seychelles*

*โ™Ÿ๏ธGone = cone =Comoros*

*โ™Ÿ๏ธMad = Madagascar*

*โ™Ÿ๏ธMau = Mauritius*

*โ™Ÿ๏ธRya = Reunion island*

*โ™Ÿ๏ธMaldives is no more member of Vanilla Islands.*
*๐Ÿ›ก๏ธPattachitra Painting*

*๐Ÿ’ŽOrigin*
โ™Ÿ๏ธPattachitra (Sanskrit: pata = cloth, chitra = picture) refers to scroll painting traditions from:
โšœ๏ธOdisha โ€“ associated with Jagannath cult (esp. Puri)
โšœ๏ธWest Bengal โ€“ distinct regional form

*๐Ÿ’ŽThemes*
โ™Ÿ๏ธMythological and devotional depictions:
โšœ๏ธJagannath, Krishna Leela, Hindu gods & goddesses
โšœ๏ธEpisodes from Puranas and Vaishnava lore

*๐Ÿ’ŽTechnique*
โ™Ÿ๏ธPainted on:
โšœ๏ธTreated cloth (coated with chalk-gum paste, polished)
โšœ๏ธPalm leaves (in some variations)
โ™Ÿ๏ธNatural pigments: vegetable & mineral-based
โ™Ÿ๏ธArtists are known as Chitrakars

*๐Ÿ’ŽStylistic Features*
โ™Ÿ๏ธBold black outlines, rich natural colors:
โšœ๏ธRed, yellow, blue, green, white
โ™Ÿ๏ธCharacteristic elements:
โšœ๏ธAlmond-shaped eyes, ornate jewelry, compact storytelling
โšœ๏ธIntricate decorative borders

*๐Ÿ’ŽNote*
โ™Ÿ๏ธA key form of narrative visual storytelling deeply linked to temple rituals, especially Rath Yatra in Puri.
*๐Ÿ›ก๏ธEight Fold Path of Buddhism*

*๐Ÿ’ŽTrick - EVIL SCAM*

*โ™Ÿ๏ธE - Right Effort*
*โ™Ÿ๏ธV - Right View*
*โ™Ÿ๏ธI - Right Intention*
*โ™Ÿ๏ธL - Right Livelihood*
*โ™Ÿ๏ธS - Right Speech*
*โ™Ÿ๏ธC - Right Concentration*
*โ™Ÿ๏ธA - Right Action*
*โ™Ÿ๏ธM - Right Mindfulness*

> *Hit ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿปโค๏ธ๐Ÿ‘Œ๐Ÿป to Appreciate our Consistent Efforts*
โค1
*๐Ÿ›ก๏ธIndiaโ€™s Women Unsung Heroes of Freedom Struggle ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ*
Context:
A pictorial book on Indiaโ€™s 75 Women Unsung Heroes of Freedom Struggle as part of Azadi ka Mahotsav has been released in partnership with Amar Chitra Katha.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธRani Abakka,* the Queen of Ullal, Karnataka fought and defeated the mighty Portuguese in the 16th century.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธVelu Nachiyar,* the queen of Sivaganga was the first Indian queen to wage war against the British East India Company.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธJhalkari Bai,* was a woman soldier who grew to become one of the key advisors to the Rani of Jhansi and a prominent figure in the First War of Indian Independence, 1857.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธMatangini Hazra* was a brave freedom fighter from Bengal, who laid down her life while agitating against the British.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธGulab Kaur* was a freedom fighter who abandoned her own hopes and dreams of a life abroad to fight for and mobilise the Indian people against the British Raj.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธChakali Ilamma* was a revolutionary woman who fought against the injustice of zamindars during the Telangana rebellion in the mid-1940s.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธPadmaja Naidu,* the daughter of Sarojini Naidu and a freedom fighter in her own right, who would later become Governor of West Bengal and a humanitarian after Independence.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธBishni Devi Shah,* a woman who inspired large number of people in Uttarakhand to join the freedom movement.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธSubhadra Kumari Chauhan* was one of the greatest Hindi poets, who was also a prominent figure in the freedom movement.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธDurgawati Devi* was the brave woman who provided safe passage to Bhagat Singh after the killing of John Saunders and much more during her revolutionary days.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธSucheta Kripalani,* a prominent freedom fighter, became independent Indiaโ€™s first woman Chief Minister of UP Government.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธAccamma Cherian,* an inspirational leader of the freedom movement in Travancore, Kerala, she was given the name โ€˜Jhansi Rani of Tranvancoreโ€™ by Mahatma Gandhi.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธAruna Asaf Ali* was an inspirational freedom fighter who is perhaps best remembered for hoisting the Indian National flag in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement in 1942.

โ™Ÿ๏ธ *Durgabai Deshmukh,* a tireless worker for the emancipation of women in Andhra Pradesh, she was also an eminent freedom fighter and member of the Constituent Assembly.

*โ™Ÿ๏ธRani Gaidinliu* , the Naga spiritual and political leader, led an armed uprising against the British in Manipur, Nagaland and Assam.

โ™Ÿ๏ธ *Usha Mehta* was a freedom fighter from a very young age, who is remembered for organizing an underground radio station during the Quit India Movement of 1942.

โ™Ÿ๏ธ *Parbati Giri* , one of Odishaโ€™s most prominent women freedom fighters, was called the Mother Teresa of Western Odisha for her work in the upliftment of her people.

โ™Ÿ๏ธ *Tarkeshwari Sinha,* a prominent freedom fighter during the Quit India Movement, she went on to become an eminent politician in the early decades of independent India.

โ™Ÿ๏ธ *Snehlata Varma* , a freedom fighter and tireless worker for the education and upliftment of women in Mewar, Rajasthan.

โ™Ÿ๏ธ *Tileshwari Baruah,* one of Indiaโ€™s youngest martyrs, she was shot at the age of 12 by the British, during the Quit India Movement, when she and some freedom fighters tried to unfurl the Tricolour atop a police station.
Weโ€™ll be uploading ALL important Current Issues regularly on our channel โ€” crisp, exam-oriented, and easy to revise.

Along with that, Daily MCQs will be posted ๐Ÿ“Œ
โœ”๏ธ Based on PYQs
โœ”๏ธ Linked with Current Affairs
โœ”๏ธ Designed exactly the UPSC way

Even if youโ€™re scrolling casually, youโ€™ll still be revising something useful.
Less guilt. More growth. ๐ŸŒฑ

Follow the channel and let your daily scrolling work for your preparation. ๐Ÿš€๐Ÿ“š

https://t.me/northstarinstitute
๐Ÿ† Topper Talks on Telegram Live! 2-Time AIR Holder ๐ŸŽฏ
Amar Baghel (AIR 592 & 583)

๐Ÿ“„ Sociology Optional Score: 278 & 277

โœ… Learn strategy.
โœ… Ask questions.
โœ… Get real insights.

๐Ÿ—“ 22 March 2026 (Sunday) |
โฐ 11:00 AM

๐Ÿ‘‰ Join Live
https://t.me/+fLfI5NIusnIxOWM1
Are You Prelims Ready for 2026?
Your Real preparation begins with a Real test!

๐ŸŽฏ UPSC FREE Prelims Mock Test 2026 (PRAGATI 2026) is here to help you benchmark your preparation at an All India level.

๐Ÿ”ฅAVAILABLE IN BOTH ONLINE AND OFFLINE
Karol Bagh, Prayagraj, Patna, Lucknow, Indore

๐Ÿ—“ 22nd March 2026
โฐ 9:30 AM โ€“ GS Foundation
โฐ 2:30 PM โ€“ CSAT

This is not just a mock โ€” itโ€™s your reality check before Prelims 2026.

๐Ÿ‘‰ Take the test. Know your standing. Improve strategically.
๐Ÿ”— Enroll Now: https://www.studyiq.net/lp/SIQPMT-2026.html

โœจ Why You Shouldnโ€™t Miss This:
โœ… Get Your All India Rank
โœ… Based on Latest UPSC Pattern
โœ… Detailed Post-Test Analysis by Experts
โœ… Available in English & Hindi

Seats are filling fast. Donโ€™t Miss Your Rank! ๐Ÿš€
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Hcs 2026 CUTOFF nikalne ki last days strategy,

most important topics full Study plan By GYAN SIR
Are You Prelims Ready for 2026?
Your Real preparation begins with a Real test!

๐ŸŽฏ UPSC FREE Prelims Mock Test 2026 (PRAGATI 2026) is here to help you benchmark your preparation at an All India level.

๐Ÿ”ฅAVAILABLE IN BOTH ONLINE AND OFFLINE
Karol Bagh, Prayagraj, Patna, Lucknow, Indore

๐Ÿ—“ 22nd March 2026
โฐ 9:30 AM โ€“ GS Foundation
โฐ 2:30 PM โ€“ CSAT

This is not just a mock โ€” itโ€™s your reality check before Prelims 2026.

๐Ÿ‘‰ Take the test. Know your standing. Improve strategically.
๐Ÿ”— Enroll Now: https://www.studyiq.net/lp/SIQPMT-2026.html

โœจ Why You Shouldnโ€™t Miss This:
โœ… Get Your All India Rank
โœ… Based on Latest UPSC Pattern
โœ… Detailed Post-Test Analysis by Experts
โœ… Available in English & Hindi

Seats are filling fast. Donโ€™t Miss Your Rank! ๐Ÿš€
๐Ÿ† Topper Talks on Telegram Live! 2-Time AIR Holder ๐ŸŽฏ
Amar Baghel (AIR 592 & 583)

๐Ÿ“„ Sociology Optional Score: 278 & 277

โœ… Learn strategy.
โœ… Ask questions.
โœ… Get real insights.

๐Ÿ—“ 22 March 2026 (Sunday) |
โฐ 11:00 AM

๐Ÿ‘‰ Join Live
https://t.me/+fLfI5NIusnIxOWM1
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uppcs 2023 DSP Topper ( Scs Gyan sir student ) Rank 42 Roll number 185483 Arun Parashar
( up pcs topper finally selected from PCS KING ๐Ÿ”ฅGYAN SIR study for civil services )
#uppcs #uppsc

UPPCS 2026 เคถเฅเคฐเฅเค†เคค เคธเฅ‡ เคชเฅ‚เคฐเฅ€ เคคเฅˆเคฏเคพเคฐเฅ€ = https://t.me/studyforcivilservices/52271?single
*Supporting Balanced Fertilization:*
*Nutrient-Based Subsidy Rates for Rabi 2025โ€“26*


_Ensuring affordability and productivity in Indian agriculture_

Key Highlights

๐ŸŒพ The Government *approved the Nutrient-Based Subsidy (NBS) rates for Rabi 2025โ€“26* , effective from 1 October 2025 to 31 March 2026, covering Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) fertilizers, including DAP and NPKS grades.

๐Ÿ’ฐ The *tentative budgetary requirement for Rabi 2025โ€“26* is approximately *โ‚น37,952 crore ,about โ‚น736 crore higher* than the budgetary requirement for the Kharif 2025 season.

๐Ÿ“Š Over *โ‚น2.04 lakh crore allocated* between 2022โ€“23 and 2024โ€“25 towards *NBS subsidies* , ensuring affordable access to fertilizers.

๐Ÿญ NBS has driven *significant growth in domestic fertilizer production* , with P&K fertilizers (DAP and NPKS) output *increasing from 112.19 LMT in 2014 to 168.55 LMT in 2025* (as on 30.12.2025), reflecting over *50% growth* during the period.
โค1